@article {1822,
	title = {A cost of maternal care in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus?},
	journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
	volume = {15},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {EnglishArticleJANJ EVOLUTION BIOL},
	pages = {57-64},
	abstract = {Parental care theory assumes that investment in current offspring will trade against future investment. A number of field studies on birds have used clutch size manipulations to demonstrate a survival cost to chick rearing. However, such studies do not account for costs accrued during earlier stages of reproduction because not all aspects of reproductive effort are manipulated by varying the number of nestlings. in this study, we investigate the effect of reproductive effort on female survival in the dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus. By experimentally manipulating mating status and dung availability, we demonstrate that virgin females survive longer than mated females and that the survival of mated females was negatively associated with the number of brood masses produced. Using a novel manipulation of the mating system, we separated the effects of egg production and maternal care on female survival. Previously, we have shown that females provisioning with the assistance of a major male provide relatively less care than unassisted females. However, paternal assistance did not alter the number of brood masses produced and hence the amount of reproductive effort that was allocated to egg production. Therefore, our finding, that female survival was increased when receiving paternal assistance provides, to our knowledge, the first definitive evidence that maternal care reduces female lifespan. These results are of major importance to theoretical models on the evolution of parental care.},
	keywords = {BREEDING BLUE TITS, BROOD-SIZE, CLUTCH-SIZE, drosophila-melanogaster, fluctuating asymmetry, LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION, life-history trade-off, Onthophagus taurus, PARENTAL, Parental care, reproductive cost, reproductive effort, SURVIVAL},
	author = {Hunt, J. and Simmons, L. W. and Kotiaho, J. S.}
}
@article {1870,
	title = {Sexual selection and condition dependence of courtship display in three species of horned dung beetles},
	journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
	volume = {13},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 62Cited References:      ANDERSSON M, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P804     ANDERSSON M, 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION     ANDERSSON M, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P53     ARNOLD SJ, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P709     BERGLUND A, 1996, BIOL J LINN SOC, V58, P385     BORGIA G, 1979, SEXUAL SELECTION REP, P19     BRODIE ED, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P313     BROWN L, 1985, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V78, P423     CANDOLIN U, 1999, ANIM BEHAV 6, V58, P1261     CANDOLIN U, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V49, P57     CANDOLIN U, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P785     CHARLESWORTH B, 1987, SEXUAL SELECTION TES, P21     COOK D, 1988, AUST J ZOOL, V36, P521     COOK D, 1987, AUST J ZOOL, V35, P123     COOK DF, 1990, ANIM BEHAV, V40, P428     DARWIN CR, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO     DAVID P, 2000, NATURE, V406, P186     DAVID P, 1998, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V265, P2211     EBERHARD WG, 1982, AM NAT, V119, P420     EBERHARD WG, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P18     EBERHARD WG, 1987, J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC, V60, P504     EBERHARD WG, 1979, SEXUAL SELECTION REP, P231     EMLEN DJ, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P335     EMLEN DJ, 1994, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V256, P131     EMLEN ST, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P215     ENDLER JA, 1986, NATURAL SELECTION WI     FALCONER DS, 1989, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G     FRISCHKNECHT M, 1993, EVOL ECOL, V7, P439     GRAFEN A, 1990, J THEOR BIOL, V144, P517     GRIFFITH SC, 1999, NATURE, V400, P358     HARDY ICW, 1998, ANIM BEHAV 3, V56, P787     HUNT J, 1998, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V42, P447     HUNT J, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P109     HUNT J, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P174     HUNT J, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P936     HUNT J, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P57     JANZEN FJ, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1564     JOHNSTONE RA, 1995, BIOL REV, V70, P1     KEYSER AJ, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P771     KIRKPATRICK M, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P1     KIRKPATRICK M, 1991, NATURE, V350, P33     KOKKO H, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P739     KOTIAHO JS, 2001, BEHAV ECOL, V12, P553     KOTIAHO JS, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V48, P188     KOTIAHO JS, 2001, BIOL REV, V76, P365     KOTIAHO JS, 2001, NATURE, V410, P684     KOTIAHO JS, 1999, OIKOS, V87, P399     LANDE R, 1983, EVOLUTION, V37, P1210     MAPPES J, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P785     MILINSKI M, 1990, NATURE, V344, P330     MOCZEK AP, 2000, ANIM BEHAV 2, V59, P459     OTRONEN M, 1988, ANIM BEHAV, V36, P741     PALMER TJ, 1978, NATURE, V274, P583     RASMUSSEN JL, 1994, J INSECT BEHAV, V7, P67     ROFF D, 1997, EVOLUTIONARY QUANTIT     ROWE L, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P1415     SIMMONS LW, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P145     SIVAJOTHY MT, 1987, J ETHOL, V5, P165     TAYLOR PD, 1982, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V22, P392     TOMKINS JL, 1998, ANIM BEHAV 2, V56, P347     WILKINSON GS, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P1685     ZAHAVI A, 1977, J THEOR BIOL, V67, P603EnglishArticle619YBBEHAV ECOL},
	month = {Nov-Dec},
	pages = {791-799},
	abstract = {Sexual selection has traditionally been divided into competition over mates and mate choice. Currently, models of sexual selection predict that sexual traits are expressed in proportion to the condition of their bearer. In horned beetles, male contest competition is well established, but studies on female preferences are scarce. Here I present data on male mating success and condition dependence of courtship rate in three species of horn-dimorphic thing beetles, Onthaphagus taurus, Onthophagus binodis, and Onthophagus australis. I found that in the absence of male contest competition, mating success of O. taurus and O. australis was unrelated to their horn length and body size, whereas in O. binodis horn size had a negative effect but body size had a positive effect on male mating success. Overall, in O. binodis major morph males had greater mating success than minor morph males. In all three species male mating success was affected by courtship rate, and the Courtship rate was condition dependent such that when males were manipulated to be in poor condition they had lower courtship rates than males that were manipulated to be in good condition. My findings provide new insight into the mating systems of horned dung beetles and support an important assumption in indicator models of sexual selection.},
	keywords = {alternative reproductive, condition dependence, FEMALE CHOICE, gradient, horn dimorphism, horned dung beetles, lek, logistic regression, mating success, Onthophagus, onthophagus-acuminatus coleoptera, SELECTION, sexual selection, stalk-eyed flies, tactics},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179504300011},
	author = {Kotiaho, J. S.}
}
@article {1872,
	title = {Towards a resolution of the lek paradox},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {410},
	number = {6829},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Times Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 30Cited References:      ALATALO RV, 1998, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V265, P2297     ANDERSSON M, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P804     ANDERSSON M, 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION     ARNOLD SJ, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P709     BORGIA G, 1979, SEXUAL SELECTION REP, P19     CUNNINGHAM EJA, 2000, NATURE, V404, P74     DAVID P, 2000, NATURE, V406, P186     FALCONER DS, 1989, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G     FISHER RA, 1958, GENETICAL THEORY NAT     GIL D, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P126     GRIFFITH SC, 1999, NATURE, V400, P358     HOULE D, 1992, GENETICS, V130, P195     HUNT J, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P109     JAKOB EM, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P61     JOHNSTONE RA, 1995, BIOL REV, V70, P1     KIRKPATRICK M, 1991, NATURE, V350, P33     KOTIAHO JS, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V48, P188     KOTIAHO JS, 1999, OIKOS, V87, P399     MERILA J, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P465     MERILA J, 1999, GENET RES, V73, P165     MOLLER AP, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P85     POMIANKOWSKI A, 1988, OXFORD SURV EVOL BIO, V5, P136     POMIANKOWSKI A, 1995, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V260, P21     ROFF D, 1997, EVOLUTIONARY QUANTIT     ROWE L, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P1415     SCHLUTER D, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P849     SHELDON BC, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P297     SHELDON BC, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P397     TAYLOR PD, 1982, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V22, P392     WILKINSON GS, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P1685EnglishArticle418DJNATURE},
	month = {Apr 5},
	pages = {684-686},
	abstract = {Genetic benefits in the shape of {\textquoteright}good genes{\textquoteright} have been invoked to explain costly female choice in the absence of direct fitness benefits(1-3). Little genetic variance in fitness traits is expected, however, because directional selection tends to drive beneficial alleles to fixation(4-6). There seems to be little potential, therefore, for female choice to result in genetic benefits, giving rise to the {\textquoteright}lek paradox{\textquoteright}(7-9). Nevertheless, evidence shows that genetic variance persists despite directional selection(10,11) and genetic benefits of female choice are frequently reported(12,13). A theoretical solution to the lek paradox has been proposed on the basis of two assumptions(14): that traits are condition-dependent, and that condition shows high genetic variance. The observed genetic variability in sexual traits will be accounted for, because a proportion of the genetic variance in condition will be captured and expressed in the trait(14). Here we report results from experiments showing that male courtship rate in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus is a condition-dependent trait that is preferred by females. More importantly, male condition has high genetic variance and is genetically correlated with courtship rate. Our results thereby represent a significant step towards a resolution of the lek paradox.},
	keywords = {attractiveness, body, condition indexes, condition-dependent traits, estimating fitness, evolution, genetic-variation, mating preferences, natural-selection, offspring condition, sexually selected trait},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000167875400045},
	author = {Kotiaho, J. S. and Simmons, L. W. and Tomkins, J. L.}
}
