@article {1328,
	title = {Escarabajos asociados a madrigueras de roedores (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Folia Entomologica Mexicana},
	volume = {81},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {185-197},
	keywords = {dens, nidificating beetles, nidificating behavior, rodents, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Sofia Anduaga and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1329,
	title = {Micofagia en Scarabaeidae},
	journal = {Simposio Nacional sobre la interaccion},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {151-169},
	keywords = {Mycetophagy, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Sofia Anduaga and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1330,
	title = {Nidificacion y alimentacion en Liatongus rhinocerulus (Bates) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {1-14},
	keywords = {behavior, Liatongus, Mycetophagy, nidification, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Sofia Anduaga and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1333,
	title = {Gamma diversity: derived from and a determinant of alpha diversity and beta diversity. An analysis of three tropical landscapes},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {27-76},
	abstract = {Using three taxonomic groups of beetles we examine how alpha and beta diversity influence the species richness of a landscape (gamma diversity), and vice versa. That is, how the species richness of a landscape {\textendash} which is a historical and biogeographical phenomenon {\textendash} contributes to the values of alpha diversity (1) at a given site, (2) in a community, (3) in terms of cumulative species richness by community, and also contributes to (4) the intensity of species exchange between communities. To explore this question, we used two subfamilies of Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeinae and Geotrupinae, and the family Silphidae. In all analyses these three taxonomic groups are considered as a single indicator group: the copronecrophagous beetles. Information is also included on the subfamily Aphodiinae (Scarabaeoidea), coprophagous beetles not included in the indicator group. Several types of vegetation located in three landscapes (tropical, transition and mountain) were studied, and these are located along an altitudinal gradient in the central part of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. We base this study on the following concepts. The alpha diversity of an indicator group reflects the number of species that use a given environment or resource in a given place or community. Spacial beta diversity is related to the response of organisms to spatial heterogeneity. Gamma diversity depends primarily on the historical and geographic processes that operate on the mesoscale level and is also affected by alpha and beta diversity. It is on this scale of landscape that human actions, such as the modification and fragmentation of vegetation, have their most important effects. These are, however, often beyond the scope of ecological analyses carried out on a local scale. In the three landscapes, sampling was carried out regularly at 67 sites, with complementary sampling at another 69 sites. Twenty-six types of vegetation communities were studied. A total of 16,152 specimens representing 60 species were captured (52 species of Scarabaeinae, 4 Geotrupinae and 4 Silphidae). In the tropical landscape the community richest in species was low deciduous forest. In the transition landscape, cloud forest was the richest. Each of these communities is the most representative of their respective altitudinal bands. In contrast, the greatest species richness in the mountain landscape occurred in the mountain grasslands and pastures; types of community favoured by or even created by human intervention. This is explained by the expansion of heliophilous species from the Mexican High Plateau into these areas. In the tropical landscape the species richness of the pastures is similar to that of its forests, but with a partially different composition which is characterized by the dominance of heliophilous and coprophagous species; the latter, in addition to the more ubiquitous species that are shared with the tropical forest. In the transition landscape the cloud forest and the coffee plantations with polyspecific shade are important in the context of conserving the fauna. This type of community offers arboreal cover and occupies the majority of this landscape, allowing the groups of insects studied to move between remnant fragments of cloud forest. On the landscape scale but not locally, the fragmentation of natural communities does not appear to have reduced the number of species for the beetles of the indicator group. In each landscape disturbance by human activity appears to have been overcome for distinct reasons. In the tropical landscape we find the heliophilous beetle fauna characteristic of pastures, and this has increased by two species of recent invaders. In the transition landscape, the coffee plantations with polyspecific shade create a communication matrix, while in the mountain landscape the expansion of the mountain pastures has made conditions more favourable for heliophilous species. These results are not necessarily expected for other groups of organisms. },
	keywords = {alpha, anthropogenic landscape, beta and gamma diversity, Dung beetles, Geotrupinae, Scarabaeinae, Silphidae, Veracruz},
	author = {Arellano, Lucrecia and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1334,
	title = {Response of dung beetle assemblages to landscape structure in remnant natural and modified habitats in Southern Mexico},
	journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {253-262},
	abstract = {1. To provide reliable tools for landscape management in tropical regions, it is important to recognise the emergent properties of landscape heterogeneity and to understand their influence on different components of biodiversity. 2. The effects of habitat type, patch size and shape, canopy cover, distance between habitats, and elevation were examined on the partitioned diversity (alpha, beta and gamma) of dung beetles in a transformed landscape in southern Mexico. 3. In total, 4109 individuals belonging to 28 species of dung beetle were recorded in the entire landscape. Alpha diversity was similar among habitats, although species com- position was more similar between forest remnants and living fences than between living fences and pastures. Beta diversity was related to differences in elevation and distance between habitats. The distance between fragments was significantly correlated with the mean number of beetle captures and species richness per site. Gamma diversity depended more on species turnover (beta diversity) than on local species richness. 4. In general, living fences and pastures with trees, and small forest patches retain a significant proportion of the fauna typically associated with pristine forest habitats. The remaining tracts of forest, along with the contemporary landscape elements may offer suitable habitats for future recolonisation by other insect species in heavily disturbed landscapes in tropical Mexico.},
	keywords = {Alpha and beta diversity, biodiversity, indicator groups, landscape management, living fences, pastures, Scarabaeinae, tropical dry forest.},
	author = {Arellano, Lucrecia and Leon-Cortes, Jorge L. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1586,
	title = {From forest to pasture: an evaluation of the influence of environment and biogeography on the structure of dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages along three altitudinal grafients in the Neotropical region},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {193-208},
	abstract = {The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of environmental (associated with the expansion of cattle ranching) and biogeographical factors on the diversity of dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages along three altitudinal gradients in the Neotropical region. One gradient is located in the Mexican Transition Zone, on the Cofre de Perote mountain, the other two are in the northern Andes (the Chiles Volcano and the R{\i} ́o Cusiana Basin). For the three gradients, the number of species decreased as altitude increased. On the Cofre de Perote, regardless of altitude, the number of species and of individuals was similar in both forest and pasture, while species composition was different between habitats. On this mountain, species turnover in pastures was characterized by the addition of new species as altitude increased. In the northern Andes, species diversity was always greater in the forest than in the pasture, and species turnover between habitats was notably influenced by species loss with increasing altitude. As such the pasture fauna of the northern Andes was an impoverished derivative of the fauna present in the forests at the same altitude characterized by species of Neotropical affinity with a limited capacity for colonizing open, sunnier habitats. The opposite occurs in the areas used by cattle on the Cofre de Perote. This habitat has its own fauna, which is mainly comprised of Holarctic and Afrotropical species adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions of areas lacking arboreal vegetation. These results suggest that the impact on beetle communities caused by human activities can differ depending on the geographic position of each mountain and, particularly, the biogeographical history of the species assemblage that lives there.},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico and Halffter, Gonzalo and Arellano, Lucrecia}
}
@article {1587,
	title = {Altitudinal variation of dung beetle (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblages in the Colombian Andes},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {327-337},
	keywords = {Altitudinal distribution, Colombian Andes, composition, diversity, Dung beetles, Scarabaeinae, species co-occurrence},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico and Lobo, Jorge M. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1588,
	title = {Assessing the origin of Neotropical mountain dung beetle assemblages (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): the comparative influence of vertical and horizontal colonization},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1793-1803},
	keywords = {Colombian Andes, colonization, Dung beetles, elevational gradients, historical factors, mountain assemblages, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico and Lobo, Jorge M. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1709,
	title = {Biogeography of the montane entomofauna of Mexico and Central America},
	journal = {Annual Review of Entomology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {95-114},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@inbook {1711,
	title = {Variaci{\'o}n de la diversidad en especies de Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) como respuesta a la antropizaci{\'o}n de un paisaje tropical},
	booktitle = {T{\'o}picos sobre Coleoptera de M{\'e}xico},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {35-53},
	publisher = {Universidad de Guadalajara{\textemdash}Universidad Aut{\'o}noma del Estado de Morelos},
	organization = {Universidad de Guadalajara{\textemdash}Universidad Aut{\'o}noma del Estado de Morelos},
	address = {Guadelajara, M{\'e}xico},
	keywords = {community, conservation (biological conservation 2007), deforestation, diversity, microclimate, modification, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Arellano, Lucrecia},
	editor = {Navarrete-Heredia, J. L. and Fierros Lop{\'e}z, H. E. and Burgos-Solorio, A.}
}
@article {1712,
	title = {Response of dung beetle diversity to human-induced changes in a tropical landscape},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {have a copydigital copy too},
	pages = {144-154},
	keywords = {disturbance mammals, indicator, Mexico, Scarabaeinae, tropical decicuous forest},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Arellano, Lucrecia}
}
@book {1713,
	title = {The nesting behavior of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae): an ecological and evolutive approach},
	year = {1982},
	note = {have a copy of book},
	publisher = {Instituto de Ecolog{\'\i}a},
	organization = {Instituto de Ecolog{\'\i}a},
	address = {M{\'e}xico, D. F.},
	keywords = {dung beetle, dung resources mammals, mammal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Edmonds, W. D.}
}
@article {1715,
	title = {Spatial distribution of three groups of Coleoptera along an altitudinal transect in the Mexican Transition Zone and its biogeographical implications},
	journal = {Elytron},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {151-185},
	keywords = {Altitudinal distribution, biogeography, COLEOPTERA, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeinae, Silphidae, Veracruz},
	isbn = {0214-1353},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Favila, Mario E and Arellano, Lucrecia}
}
@article {1716,
	title = {A comparative study of the structure of the scarab guild in Mexican tropical rain forests and derived ecosystems},
	journal = {Folia Entomol{\'o}gica Mexicana},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1992},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {131-156},
	keywords = {community ecology (biological conservation 2007), conservation, modification, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Favila, Mario E and Violeta Halffter}
}
@article {1718,
	title = {Parental care and offspring survival in Copris incertus Say, a sub-social beetle},
	journal = {Animal Behavior},
	volume = {52},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {133-139},
	abstract = {The effects of the lack of maternal care on offspring survival of the sub-social beetle Copris incertus Say (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) were tested experimentally by excluding the female and determining the most vulnerable stage of development. Time budget studies were also conducted to determine the amount used by 10 females during the whole cycle from the making of the nest to the emergence of adults. A Kruskal{\textendash}Wallis test and the subsequent non-parametric multiple comparisons showed a significant difference in survival between nests cared for by the mother and nests where the mother was excluded. Key-factor analysis showed that the absence of parental care affected offspring survival in the transition from the pupal to adult stage. Time budget studies indicated that, whether active or inactive, females were in direct association with the brood balls. Balls that received no care (in experimental exclusions or where the female abandoned the nest) were invaded by the fungi Metarrhizium anisoplae and Cephalosporium sp., which covered the surface and the inner part of the ball, considerably affecting pupal survivorship. Results show that sub-social care increases the probability of juveniles reaching adulthood. },
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Huerta, Carmen and Lopez-Portillo, Jorge}
}
@article {1721,
	title = {Instability of copronecrophagous beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in a mountainous tropical landscape of Mexico},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {6},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1397-1407},
	abstract = {We analyzed changes over time in species composition and functional guild structure (temporal beta diversity) for natural assemblages and those modi{\TH}ed by humans in a fragmented, tropical mountain landscape. The assemblages belong to cloud forests (the original vegetation type), secondary forests, traditional shaded coffee plantations, commercial shaded coffee plantations, and a cattle pasture. Copronecrophagous beetles, subfamily Scarabaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), were used as the indicator group. This group has been used in previous studies and other tropical forests and has been found to be a good indicator of the effects of anthropogenic change. For each assemblage, we compared samples that were collected several years apart. Changes were found in species composition, order of abundance, and in the proportion that a given species is present in the different functional groups. The changes that occurred between samplings affected the less abundant species in the cloud forest and in the pasture. In the other vegetation types, both abundant and less abundant species were affected. Their order of abundance and proportion in the different guilds also changed. This study shows that, although landscape richness remains relatively constant, richness at the local level (alpha diversity) changes notably even over short lapses of time. This could be a characteristic of landscapes with intermediate degrees of disturbance (such as those that have been partially modi{\TH}ed for human use), where assemblage composition is very fluid. },
	keywords = {alpha diversity, beta diversity, cloud forest, fragmented landscapes, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Pineda, Eduardo and Arellano, Lucrecia and Escobar S. , Federico}
}
@article {1810,
	title = {Nidification in Eurysternus foedus Guerin-Meneville: its relationship to other dung beetle nesting patters (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Folia Entomologica Mexicana},
	volume = {44},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {75-84},
	keywords = {Eurystermus, nesting, Oniticellini, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Huerta, Carmen and Halffter, Gonzalo and Violeta Halffter}
}
@article {1811,
	title = {Comparative analysis of reproductive and nesting behavior in several species of Eurysternus Dalman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Eurysternini)},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {1-41},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Huerta, Carmen and Halffter, Gonzalo and Violeta Halffter and L{\'o}pez, Rosario}
}
@article {1863,
	title = {Reconstruction of a specific example of insect invasion waves: the cladistic analysis of Canthon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and related genera in North America},
	journal = {Quaestiones Entomologicae},
	volume = {26},
	number = {1},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {1-20},
	author = {Kohlmann, Bert and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1927,
	title = {Relaciones entre escarabajos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) y nidos de tuza (Rodentia: Geomydae): implicaciones biologicas y biogeograficas},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {62},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {1-9},
	keywords = {{\textquoteright}, association with rodents, nests, Onthophagus, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1594,
	title = {Dung beetles attracted to mammalian herbivore (Alouatta palliata) and omnivore (Nasua narica) dung in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1993},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {45-54},
	keywords = {Alouatta, dung beetle, mammal mammals, Mexico, nasua narica, Scarabaeidae, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Halffter, Gonzalo and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond and Meritt, Dennis}
}
@article {1602,
	title = {The use of indicator groups for measuring biodiversity as related to community structure and function},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie},
	number = {72},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Dec., 1997Literature ReviewEnglish},
	pages = {1-25},
	abstract = {In this study we discuss the reasons for using indicator groups to measure biodiversity at the species level ("organismal diversity" sensu Harper and Hawksworth). We further explore our previous proposals for the use of dung beetles belonging to the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera) as an indicator group for studying the types of communities found in tropical forests and derived formations, particularly those created by human activity. We present a method for obtaining quantifiable information that allows comparative studies to be done, as well as an analysis of the effects of human activities that result in the alteration, fragmentation and destruction of natural communities. Although emphasis is placed on the indicator group and the communities selected, we propose that this analysis of biodiversity can be used with other groups and in different community types. The arguments we present for the use of indicator groups can be applied to different ways of studying biodiversity at the species level, however this study focuses on presenting appropriate methodology for ecological analysis; that is, for the study of local biodiversity as an element for the interpretation of community structure and function.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetles, ecological-analysis: analytical-method, human, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Methods-and-Techniques, Scarabaeinae- (Coleoptera-): indicator-group},
	author = {Favila, Mario E and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1998,
	title = {The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Folia Entomologica Mexicana},
	volume = {12-14},
	year = {1966},
	note = {have copy- need to scan},
	pages = {1-312},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food, mammals, resources},
	author = {Matthews, E. G. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2044,
	title = {Invasion of Mexico by two dung beetles previously introduced into the United States},
	journal = {Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {37-45},
	abstract = {Following the Australian CSIRO strategies, the United States Department of Agriculture introduced several dung beetle species as a biological control to decrease the dung accumulation and proliferation of different pest fly species therein. Of these, two species have been very successful: Digitonthophagus gazella and Euoniticellus intermedius. They have expanded from their release sites in the United States, and quickly invaded Mexican territory and dispersed rapidly. Here we report on 27 new capture sites in several Mexican states from 1994 to 1996 and discuss invasion routes as well as ecological conditions.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Digitonthophagus-gazella (Coleoptera-): Scaraca, Diptera-: Insecta-, Economic-Entomology, flies- (Diptera-): pest-, Invertebrata-, Pest-Assessment-Control-and-Management},
	author = {Montes de Oca, Enrique and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2062,
	title = {Dugn beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) diversity in continuous forest, forest fragments and cattle pastures in a landscape of Chiapas, Mexico: the effects of anthropogenic changes},
	journal = {Biodiversity Conservation},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {2869-2898},
	abstract = {We studied the diversity of dung beetles in three different habitats in the Lacandona Forest, Chiapas, Mexico. We found a total of 49 species. Of these, 44 were in well-preserved forests (SC) within the limits of the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, 42 in fragmented forests (SF), and 13 in cattle pastures (PZ). These two latter habitats were part of a fragmented landscape. Even though the species richness between the two forest habitats is similar, there is a change in guild composition and structure. About 12\% of the species were exclusively found in SC, while 4.1\% and 2\% were exclusive of SF and PZ respectively. b diversity was the most important element for overall diversity (c), above that of the local richness (a). Within well-preserved forests, species composition changes substantially, even among neighboring sites. Species diversity within the landscape seems to depend on canopy coverage, soil temperature and geographic distance between sites. Functional groups vary with the habitat. Large-bodied, nocturnal species with specific requirements of soil temperature and compaction are more sensitive to anthropogenic changes. In cattle pastures there is a larger number of heliophilic species, with a higher percentage of small-bodied and roller beetles.},
	keywords = {alpha},
	author = {Navarrete, Dario and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2093,
	title = {Biogeography of the areas and Canthonini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of dry tropical foress in Mesoamerica and Colombia},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {73-108},
	abstract = {This biogeographical analysis examines the historical, geological, climatic and ecological processes that have influenced the formation of the dry tropical forests (DTF) of Mesoamerica and Colombia, areas that are the setting for multiple biogeographical stories that in this case are illustrated by the patterns and evolutionary processes of Canthonini. In this study we test the hypothesis that the Canthonini fauna of dry tropical forests has a South American affinity. To this end, we compare extant species from a tract of dry tropical forest in Mexico, a second enclave in Costa Rica, four from the Caribbean region of Colombia and finally one from the north of Tolima in the Upper Magdalena River Valley, Colombia. The geomorphological characteristics of the enclaves of DTF are also compared, as are the geographical distribution and taxonomic affinities of each of the species found in these dry tropical forests. The biogeographical, historical and geological aspects of the enclaves were evaluated using a Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE), with two tropical rain forests as the outgroup: Leticia (Amazonas, Colombia) and Los Tuxtlas (Veracruz, Mexico). This study reveals the origin and distribution of Neotropical dry forests in the Pleistocene, and the establishment of its dry conditions during the Holocene. It also reveals apparent similarities among the Canthonini of the dry tropical forests of Mexico, Costa Rica and Colombia, with three geographical distribution patterns that correspond to different degrees of expansion towards the north and the diversification of evolutionary lines, and even species of South American origin. The comparison of the cladogram generated for species of Canthonini with that of the geological events that have occurred in the study regions indicates that the distribution of Canthonini in dry tropical forests began during the Pliocene with the re-establishment of the Panamanian connection, with no evidence of previous geomorphological events having any influence. On the other hand, there are few species shared with the tropical rain forests used as the outgroup for the cladograms. },
	keywords = {biogeographical patterns, Canthonini, Colombia, Costa Rica, dry tropical forest, Mexico, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Padilla-Gil, Dora Nancy and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {Frog, Bat and Dung Beetle Diversity in the Cloud Forest and Coffee Agroecosystems of Veracruz, Mexico},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	pages = {400-410},
	keywords = {agroforestry (biological conservation 2007), cloud forest, Disturbance, Dung beetles, fragmentation, Mexico, multi-taxa, polyagroforestry, Veracruz},
	author = {Pineda, Eduardo and Moreno, Claudia and Escobar, Frederico and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2279,
	title = {Grazing promotes dung beetle diversity in the xeric landscape of a Mexican Biosphere Reserve},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {140},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {308-317},
	abstract = {We analyze the impact of grazing on dung beetle diversity at the Barranca de Metztitla ́ n Biosphere Reserve, a xeric ecosystem in central Mexico with a long history of use by humans. We compared the community structure, as well as the alpha and beta diversity between two cover conditions (open and closed vegetation) that represent the impact of grazing within a habitat, and between habitat types (submountainous and crassicaule scrublands). From 576 samples we collected 75,605 dung beetles belonging to 20 taxa. While mean species richness and diversity were different between habitat types, cumulative spe- cies richness was not. The effects of grazing on vegetation structure influenced the cumu- lative species richness and diversity of dung beetles in the submountainous scrubland, where grazing has created land mosaics of a grassland matrix with scrubland patches. This was not the case in the crassicaule scrubland where the impact of grazing is not as evident. Beta diversity significantly responds to the effects of grazing on habitat conditions. We dis- cuss the ecological factors that may promote these responses by landscape diversity com- ponents. We also identify the species that could act as useful indicators to monitor the effect of land management on biodiversity. Our results indicate cattle farming maintains a diversified land mosaic, and these areas support more diverse dung beetle ensembles than homogeneous areas of closed, shrubby vegetation cover. Thus, controlled grazing activity could certainly favour the conservation of dung beetle biodiversity and improve ecosystem functioning by maintaining dung decomposition rates. },
	keywords = {Alpha and beta diversity, Aphodiinae, Barranca de Metztitlan, indicator species, Land mosaics, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Verdu, Jose R. and Moreno, Claudia E. and Sanchez-Rojas, Gerardo and Numa, Catherine and Galante, Eduardo and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@book {2363,
	title = {An{\'a}lisis taxon{\'o}mico, ecol{\'o}gico y biogeogr{\'a}fico de un grupo americano de Onthophagus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	year = {1988},
	note = {have copy},
	publisher = {Torino : Museo regionale di scienze naturali},
	organization = {Torino : Museo regionale di scienze naturali},
	address = {Torino},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food resources mammals, Onthophagus, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Zunino, M. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
