@article {1358,
	title = {Assesing the impact of forest disturbance on tropical invertebrates: some comments},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {461-466},
	type = {forum},
	author = {Basset, Yves and Novotny, Vojtech and Miller, Scott E. and Springates, Neil D.}
}
@article {1374,
	title = {Efeito de Carrapaticidas/Inseticidas "Pour-on" sobre adultos do besouro coprofago africano Onthophagus gazella Fabr. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annales da Sociedade de Entomologia Brasil},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {275-279},
	abstract = {In 1989, the dung-beetle Onthophagus gazella Fabr. was imported from the United States to be part of the integrated control program of helminths and horn-fly, Haematobia irritans L. Because there is no information about the effects of pyrethroids on the African beetle survival, the effect of four commercial pour-on insecticides for horn-fly control, on dung-beetle survival was investigated. Fifteen 24 months old, Nelore steers, were randomly assigned to five groups, with three animals/group. Animals in group 1 (control) received no treatment. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were treated on day 0 with Alphamethrin, Cyalothrin, Deltamethrin and Flumethrin, respectively. Individual samples of fecal material (approximately 100 g) were collected from the rectum, on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15 and 18 after treatment and placed in 500 ml glass vials. Ten live beetles were added in each vial and the survival rate was determined. Beetle mortality was high (P<0,01) for all products and intervals after applications in comparison to that observed in the control group until 8 d after treatment, and drastically decreased up to the 18th day. There was no significant differences (P>0,01) in mortality rate among treated groups. },
	keywords = {cattle, Haematobia irritans, horn fly, Insecta, pyretrhoids},
	author = {Bianchin, Ivo and Alves, Rafael G. O. and Koller, Wilson W.}
}
@article {1428,
	title = {Deltochilum valgum acropyge Bates (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): habits and distribution},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {174-178},
	author = {Cano, Enio B.}
}
@article {1452,
	title = {Morphological correlates of flightlessness in southern African Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): testing a condition of the water-conservation hypothesis},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1123-1133},
	abstract = {Flightlessness in desert beetles is thought to have evolved either as a response to decreased environmental heterogeneity or directly to reduce water loss. The water-conservation hypothesis rests on three conditions: that spiracular transpiration is greater than cuticular transpiration; that cuticular transpiration rates are lower in desert species; and that changes in body form associated with flightlessness lead to an overall reduction in water loss rates. The extreme form of the morphological-convergence condition suggests that this change in body shape should be most pronounced in desert-dwelling taxa. The morphological-convergence condition was examined using a morphometric analysis of body shape in flying and nonflying dung beetle species from two southern African tribes occurring in arid and mesic habitats. Although the Canthonini have a more rounded body than the Scarabaeini, flightless species in both tribes have a more rounded body than the flying ones, except at the smallest body sizes. This rounding is more pronounced in flightless, desert-dwelling Scarabaeini than in flightless species from more mesic habitats. All three conditions required by the water-conservation hypothesis are met in various beetle taxa, but the hypothesis and its conditions have yet to be tested on a single, monophyletic taxon.},
	author = {Chown, Steven L. and Pistorius, Pierre and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1465,
	title = {The effects of rainforest canopy loss on arboreal dung beetles in Borneo: implications for the measurement of biodiversity in derived tropical ecosystems},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {167-173},
	keywords = {canopy (biological conservation 2007), logging, modification, Scarabaeidae, species richness},
	author = {Davis, Andrew and Sutton, Stephen}
}
@article {1467,
	title = {Dung beetle abundance and diversity in the Malay Basin, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo},
	journal = {Malayan Nature Journal},
	volume = {52},
	number = {3 \& 4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {181-191},
	keywords = {beta diversity, biomass mammals, diversity, mammals, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Davis, Andrew J.}
}
@article {1478,
	title = {The effects of rainforest canopy loss on arboreal dung beetles in Borneo: implications for the measurement of biodiversity in derived tropical ecosystems},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {167-173},
	keywords = {ainforest canopy, arthropods, diversit, Dung beetles, selectiv logging, species richness},
	author = {Davis, A. J. and Sutton, S. L.}
}
@article {1518,
	title = {Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) necrofagos de "Los Tuxtlas", Veracruz y Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico},
	journal = {Dugesiana},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {17-28},
	author = {DeLoya, Cuauhtemoc and Moron, Miguel-Angel}
}
@article {1524,
	title = {Altered leaf-litter decomposition rates in tropical forest fragments},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {116},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {121VDOECOLOGIA},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {397-406},
	abstract = {The effects of forest fragmentation on leaf-litter decomposition rates were investigated for the first time in an experimentally fragmented tropical forest landscape in Central Amazonia. Leaf-litter decomposition rates were measured at seven distances (0-420 m) along forest edge-to-interior transects in two 100-ha fragments, two continuous forest edges, and at an identical series of distances along two deep continuous forest transects, as well as at the centers of two 1-ha and two 10-ha fragments. Decomposition rates increased significantly towards the edge of 100-ha forest fragments. Litter turnover times were 3-4 times faster within 50 m of the edge of 100-ha fragments than normally found in deep continuous forest. In contrast, there was no significant change in the rate of leaf-litter decomposition from the interior to the edge of continuous forest. It is difficult to account for these very different edge responses. Decomposition rates were not correlated with air temperature differentials, evaporative drying rates, litter depth, biomass or moisture content, or with total invertebrate densities, either within individual edge transects or across all sites. The difference in edge response may be due to chance, particularly the patchy removal of vast quantities of litter by litter-feeding termites, or may be a real, area-dependent phenomenon. Clearly, however, forest fragmentation increases the variability and unpredictability of litter decomposition rates near forest edges. In addition to edge effects, decomposition. rates were strongly affected by decreasing fragment area. While sites at the centers of 10-ha and 100-ha forest fragments and continuous forest had equivalent decomposition rates, rates were markedly lower at the centers of 1-ha fragments. Litter turnover times were 2-3 times slower in I-ha fragments than in continuous forest, and up to 13 times slower than at 100-ha edges. Litter structure and nutrient cycling dynamics are inevitably altered by forest fragmentation.},
	keywords = {forest change biodiversity dung beetles forest function},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076034600013},
	author = {Didham, R. K.}
}
@article {1526,
	title = {Beetle species responses to tropical forest fragmentation},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {68},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {107FGECOL MONOGR},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {295-323},
	abstract = {The effects of forest fragmentation on beetle species composition were investigated in an experimentally fragmented tropical forest landscape in Central Amazonia. Leaf-litter beetles were sampled at seven distances from the forest edge (0-420 m) along forest edge-to-interior transects in two 100-ha forest fragments and two continuous forest edges, and at an identical series of distances along two deep continuous forest transects. Additional samples were taken at the centers of two 10-ha forest fragments and two 1-ha fragments. This sampling regime allowed discrimination between edge and fragment area effects. Beetle species composition changed significantly and independently with both decreasing distance from forest edge and decreasing fragment area. Edge effects on species composition were mediated by six important environmental variables: air temperature, canopy height, percent ground cover of twigs, litter biomass, litter moisture content, and an air temperature X distance from edge interaction effect, due to the different temperature profiles of edges with differing edge vegetation density. Population densities of 15 of the 32 most abundant beetle species tested (47\%) were significantly affected by forest fragmentation. Species responses were classified empirically into four major categories: (A) edge sensitive, area insensitive; (B) area sensitive, edge insensitive; (C) edge and area sensitive; and (D) edge and area insensitive. Within these categories, trends in density were either positive (deep-forest species), or negative (disturbed- area species), with species showing the full spectrum of responses to fragmentation. The vast majority of species were adversely affected. Estimated species loss rates from forest fragments were: 49.8\% of common species from 1-ha fragments, 29.8\% from 10-ha fragments, and 13.8\% from 100-ha fragments. Declining density was a significant precursor of species loss from forest fragments, but other species that did not show significant population density responses to fragmentation were also absent from some fragments, presumably by chance. The probability of species loss from forest fragments was not correlated with body size or trophic group for the 32 common species, although for the entire beetle assemblage (993 species) proportions of species in different trophic groups changed significantly with fragmentation. Rarity and population variability (in undisturbed forest) were significant predictors of susceptibility to fragmentation. Surprisingly, though, common species were significantly more likely to become locally extinct in small fragments than rarer species. This lends empirical support to models of multispecies coexistence under disturbance that suggest competitively dominant but poorly dispersing species are the first to become extinct due to habitat destruction. Thus, rarer species are predicted to be better dispersers and better at persisting.},
	keywords = {forest change biodiversity dung beetles corridors},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000075196100001},
	author = {Didham, R. K. and Hammond, P. M. and Lawton, J. H. and Eggleton, P. and Stork, N. E.}
}
@article {1527,
	title = {Trophic structure stability and extinction dynamics of beetles (Coleoptera) in tropical forest fragments},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences},
	volume = {353},
	number = {1367},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ZL796PHIL TRANS ROY SOC LONDON B},
	month = {Mar 29},
	pages = {437-451},
	abstract = {A first analysis of the stability of trophic structure following tropical forest fragmentation was performed in an experimentally fragmented tropical forest landscape in Central Amazonia. A taxonomically and trophically diverse assemblage of 993 species of beetles was sampled from 920 m(2) of leaf litter at 46 sites, varying in distance from forest edge and fragment area. Beetle density increased significantly towards the forest: edge and showed non-linear changes with fragment area, due to the influx of numerous disturbed-area species into 10 ha and 1 ha fragments. There was a marked change in species composition with both decreasing distance from forest edge and decreasing fragment area, but surprisingly this change in composition was not accompanied by a change in species richness. Rarefied species richness did not vary significantly across any of the sites, indicating that local extinctions of deep forest species were balanced by equivalent colonization rates of disturbed-area species. The change in species composition with fragmentation was non-random across trophic groups. Proportions of predator species and xylophage species changed significantly with distance from forest edge, but no area-dependent changes in proportions of species in trophic groups were observed. Trophic structure was also analysed with respect to proportions of abundance in six trophic groups. Proportions of abundance of all trophic groups except xylomycetophages changed markedly with respect to both distance from forest edge and fragment area. Local extinction probabilities calculated far individual beetle species supported theoretical predictions of the differential susceptibility of higher trophic levels to extinction, and of changes in trophic structure following forest fragmentation. To reduce random effects due to sampling error, only abundant species (n greater than or equal to 46) were analysed for extinction probabilities, as defined by absence from samples. Of these common species, 27\% had significantly higher probabilities of local extinction following fragmentation. The majority of these species were predators; 42\% of all abundant predator species were significantly more likely to be absent from samples in forest fragments than in undisturbed forest. These figures are regarded as minimum estimates for the entire beetle assemblage because rarer species drill inevitably have higher extinction probabilities. Absolute loss of biodiversity will affect ecosystem process rates, but the differential loss of species from trophic groups will have an even greater destabilizing effect on food web structure and ecosystem function.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000073472400008},
	author = {Didham, R. K. and Lawton, J. H. and Hammond, P. M. and Eggleton, P.}
}
@article {1685,
	title = {Resource quality and the colonisation and succession of coprophagous dung beetles},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {21},
	number = {6},
	year = {1998},
	note = {have copy},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {581-592},
	keywords = {colonization mammals, communities, dung beetle, ecosystem services},
	author = {Gittings, Tom and Giller, Paul S.}
}
@article {1697,
	title = {Estados preimaginales, nidificacion y fenologia de Canthidium (E.) moestum Harold, 1867 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Coprini)},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {73},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {155-165},
	keywords = {canthidium moestum, COLEOPTERA, Coprinae, larva, life cycle, nesting behavior, phenology, pupa, Scarabaeidae, taxonomy},
	author = {Gonzalez-Vainer, Patricia and Morelli, Enrique}
}
@article {1708,
	title = {A strategy for measuring landsacpe biodiversity},
	journal = {Biology International},
	volume = {36},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {3-17},
	author = {Halffte, G}
}
@article {1759,
	title = {The use of leaf-cutter ants, Atta laevigata (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), as a substrate for oviposition by the dung beetle Canthon virens Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Central Brazil},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {2},
	year = {1998},
	note = {June, 1998ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {105-108},
	abstract = {In the Cerrado region of Brazil, we observed dung beetles, Canthon virens Mannerheim, using leaf-cutter ants, Atta laevigata (Smith), as oviposition sites. Aggressive encounters occurred whereby the smaller dung beetles decapitated and then buried their much larger ant victims in a specialized sequence of behaviors. Known densities of a few Cerrado herbivorous mammals suggest that the availability of dung may be similar to other neotropical sites. We propose that C. virens may be an obligate, rather than facultative, predator of leaf-cutter ants.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Atta-laevigata [leaf-cutter-ant] (Hymenoptera-): oviposition-ho, Behavior-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Environmental-Sciences), Hymenoptera-: Insecta-, Invertebrata-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Hertel, Fritz and Colli, Guarino R.}
}
@article {1764,
	title = {Spatial distribution, resource utilisation and intraspecific competition in the dung beetle Aphodius ater},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {116},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {136-142},
	keywords = {aggregation, density dependence, dung beetle, egg-laying behaviour, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Hirschberger, Petra}
}
@article {1816,
	title = {Patterns of parental provisioning covary with male morphology in a horned beetle (Onthophagus taurus) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
	volume = {42},
	number = {6},
	year = {1998},
	note = {June, 1998ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {447-451},
	abstract = {Male dung beetles, Onthophagus taurus, are dimorphic for a secondary sexual trait, head horns. Horned males participate in the production of brood masses while hornless male do not. Here we examine the reproductive performance of females mated with males exhibiting alternative horn morphologies. We found that exposure to males may be costly for females in that it reduced the total number of brood masses produced. However, females paired with horned males produced significantly larger brood masses than females paired with hornless males or females producing broods alone. We discuss the possible selection pressures that may underly horn evolution in this genus.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, male-, male-dimorphism, morphology-, Onthophagus-taurus [horned-beetle] (Coleoptera-): female-, parental-care-patter, Reproduction-},
	author = {Hunt, John and Simmons, Leigh W.}
}
@article {1850,
	title = {Estimating the effectiveness of further sampling in species inventories},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {8},
	number = {4},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {1239-1249},
	keywords = {beetle inventories, cost effectiveness, estimation methodologies, estimators of effectiveness, Glacier National Park (USA), negative binomial estimation, sampling effectiveness, species inventories, species-abundance distribution, vascular plant inventori},
	author = {Keating, Kim A. and Quinn, James F. and Ivie, Michael A. and Ivie, LaDonna L.}
}
@article {1887,
	title = {Repellents as attractants - extreme specialization in afrotropical dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) as a competition avoiding strategy},
	journal = {Zoology},
	volume = {101},
	number = {Supplement},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {12},
	author = {Krell, F. T. and Schmitt, T. and Dembele, A. and Linsenmair, K. E.}
}
@article {1894,
	title = {Changes in the structure of dung insect communities after ivermectin usage in a grasslansd  ecosystem. II. Impact of ivermectin under high-rainfall conditions},
	journal = {Acta Oecologica},
	volume = {19},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {439-451},
	keywords = {avermectin, dung beetle, ecotoxicity, longer-term study, non-target organisms},
	author = {Kruger, K. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1933,
	title = {Sampling dung beetles in the French Mediterranean area: Effects of abiotic factors and farm practices},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {42},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {101YRPEDOBIOLOGIA},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {252-266},
	abstract = {1. The confidence limits and the validity of the results obtained by using dung-baited traps were examined in five sites in southern France, which were very close together and similar for most environmental variables but differed in their pastoral history. Site 1 was a virgin site which had been grazed for only a few months by cattle; site 2 had been grazed for 10 years by cattle but the cattle herd had been removed in the previous year; the other three sites had been grazed by sheep, more or less extensively, for many years. 2. Beetle abundance, biomass or richness were not correlated with temperature and precipitation, but were significantly correlated with radiant energy. The energy necessary for flight activity was probably related to the radiant energy level at the soil surface. This allowed identification of the most favourable periods for sampling. 3. At the sites with at present limited resources, the mean biomass of trapped beetles decreased rapidly when repetitive trappings were carried out over several days. An intense trapping during a continuous period led to an underestimate of the number of beetles, due to site impoverishment. When the cattle herd was removed and dung was therefore not available, the trappings made a few months later overestimated the number of beetles. In contrast, after the establishment of a new large cattle herd in a virgin site, formerly free of grazing, the baited traps underestimated the number of beetles, due to the amount of dung present in the vicinity of the traps. 4. One trapping session and five traps collected 75-80\% of total local species but 95\% of the abundance and biomass of the community. So, for most of the ecological studies, one trapping session and a few baited traps (five in the Mediterranean area where dung beetle communities are very diverse when compared with more temperate areas) are sufficient to give a sample representing the structure of the dung beetle communities. Conversely, an exhaustive inventory for biogeographical studies need more baited traps. At least 15 traps are necessary to collect 95\% of species present at a site. An abacus allows an estimate of the quality of the sampling.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000074896600007},
	author = {Lobo, J. M. and Lumaret, J. P. and Jay-Robert, P.}
}
@article {1946,
	title = {Considerations on the perching behavior of tropical dung beetles (coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira de Entomologia},
	volume = {41},
	number = {2-4},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {125-128},
	keywords = {brazil, dung beetle, foraging behavior, tropical forest},
	author = {Louzada, Julio N. C.}
}
@article {1974,
	title = {Biological control of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans L., in Hawaii (Diptera: Muscidae)},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society},
	volume = {33},
	year = {1998},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {43-50},
	keywords = {biological control, Coleoptera : Dung habitat, Coleoptera : Insecta, Distribution, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, Hawaii, introduced natural enemies of Haematobia irritans ( Diptera ), introduction, Pacific Ocean islands},
	author = {Markin, G. P. and Yoshioka, E. R.}
}
@article {1980,
	title = {Effects of nourishment on the gonadal maturation in Canthon cyanellus cyanellus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {237-243},
	author = {Martinez M. , Imelda and Cruz R. , Magdalena}
}
@article {1593,
	title = {Dung and carrion beetles in tropical rain forest fragments and agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Sept., 1998ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {577-593},
	abstract = {At Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, presence of dung and carrion beetles, were sampled using baited pitfall traps, at the following habitats: isolated forest fragments, forest edges, plantations (coffee, cacao, mixed, citrus and allspice), live fences and pastures. A total of 14,269 beetles representing 36 species were captured. Onthophagus batesi, Canthon femoralis, Canthidium centrale, Copris laeviceps, O. rhinolophus and Deltochilium pseudoparile accounted for 75\% of the captures in the overall sample from 79 sites. Across forest fragments capture rates of species and individuals were associated positively to area and negatively to isolating distance. Rarefaction analysis showed that forest fragments were the most species-rich habitats followed by the mixed and cacao plantations, the forest edge, live fences and coffee, citrus and allspice plantations. Pastures were the least species-rich habitat. Horizontal and vertical diversity of the vegetation at the habitats studied influenced the species richness of dung and carrion beetles and the number of species in common between forest fragments and human-made habitats. A significant relationship existed between the number of non-flying mammals recorded at the study sites and the richness of species and individuals of dung beetles at the habitats investigated. The relevance of this information is discussed in the light of the ecological flexibility of dung and carrion beetle species and of possible conservation scenarios involving landscapes in which isolation of forest fragments is reduced by the presence in open areas of human-made vegetation such as plantations of cacao, coffee, cacao and coffee and live fences.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, beetle- (Coleoptera-): carrion-, Canthidium-centrale (Coleoptera-), Canthon-femoralis (Coleoptera-), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Copris-laeviceps (Coleoptera-, dung-, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond and Dadda, Alberto Anzures and Cammarano, Pierluigi}
}
@article {1648,
	title = {Off-target effects of ivermectin on insects and on dung degradation in southern Alberta, Canada},
	journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research},
	volume = {88},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {25-35},
	abstract = {Insect activity was significantly reduced in dung from cattle treated with a recommended topical dose (500 },
	author = {Floate, K. D.}
}
@article {1649,
	title = {Does a repellent effect contribute to reduced levels of insect activity in dung from cattle treated with ivermectin?},
	journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research},
	volume = {88},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {291-297},
	abstract = {A two-year pitfall trapping study was performed to test the preference of coprophilous beetles (Hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, Staphylinidae) for dung from untreated cattle versus dung from cattle treated topically one or four weeks previously with a recommended dose of ivermectin in a pour-on formulation. In 1994, significantly more Aphodius fimetarius (Linnaeus) and A. distinctus (O.F. Mu ̈ ller) at each of two sites were collected with dung from treated cattle. No differences were detected for other taxa. In 1995, significantly fewer individuals of ten taxa, including A. fimetarius and A. distinctus , were collected with dung from treated cattle. No differences were detected for other taxa. A change in cattle diet may have altered levels of faecal residues, thereby changing beetle preferences between years. Comparisons between periods of spring and autumn activity identified a change in seasonal preferences for at least some species. Similar numbers of Onthophagus nuchicornis Linnaeus and of A. fimetarius were collected in spring with dung from treated or untreated cattle, but significantly more individuals of both taxa were collected in autumn with dung from untreated cattle. In contrast, the preference of Aphodius prodromus Brahm for dung from treated cattle was unchanged between spring and autumn. These results show that ivermectin therapy does influence the colonization of dung from treated cattle. However, the nature of this influence is confounded by extraneous factors. Until such time that these factors can be accounted for, general predictions regarding the effect of ivermectin therapy on the colonization of dung by coprophilous insects are premature. },
	author = {Floate, K. D.}
}
@article {1655,
	title = {Seasonal activity of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) associated with cattle dung in southern Alberta and their geographic distribution in Canada},
	journal = {The Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {130},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Mar/Apr},
	pages = {131-151},
	author = {Floate, K. D. and Gill, B. D.}
}
@inbook {1663,
	title = {Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) of Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado},
	booktitle = {A Biological Assessment of Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, Bolivia},
	year = {1998},
	publisher = {RAP Working Papers 10, Conservation International},
	organization = {RAP Working Papers 10, Conservation International},
	address = {Washington DC},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Forsyth, A. and Spector, S.},
	editor = {Killeen, J. and Shulenburg, T.}
}
@article {2003,
	title = {Superposition optics and the time of flight in onitine dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Comp. Physiology A},
	volume = {183},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {45-60},
	keywords = {beetle, flight optics, sensitivity, superposition eyes},
	author = {McIntyre, Peter and Caveney, Stanley}
}
@article {2021,
	title = {Contribution of Onthophagus gazella to soil fertility improvement by bovine fecal mass incorporation into the soil. 1. Greenhouse studies},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia-Brazilian Journal of Animal Science},
	volume = {27},
	number = {4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 13Cited References:      ADLER PR, 1985, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V16, P1153     AFZAL M, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1160     BIANCHIN I, 1992, HORA VET, V11, P43     BREMNER JM, 1965, METHODS SOIL ANAL 2, P1179     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P36     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P255     FLECHTMANN CAH, 1995, R PARAS ENTOMOL, V39, P237     GALBIATI C, 1995, ECOSSISTEMA, V20, P109     HAYNES RJ, 1993, ADV AGRON, V49, P119     LEE KE, 1982, INT C SOIL ZOOL LOUV, V6, P35     MIRANDA CHB, 1997, REUN AN SOC BRAS ZOO, V2, P127     SCHNITZER M, 1978, SOIL ORGANIC MATTER     WHITEHEAD DC, 1995, GRASSLAND NITROGENPortugueseArticle138EDREV BRAS ZOOTECN},
	month = {Jul-Aug},
	pages = {681-685},
	abstract = {The incorporation of fresh bovine fecal mass by Onthophagus gazella on a Purple Latosol from Cerrados region in Campo Grande, MS and its contribution to green matter production and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content of Brachiaria decumbens were studied, under partial lab and greenhouse controlled conditions. Sixty pots containing 10 kg of that soil were prepared for the following treatments: control (without beetle) and 3, 6 and 12 pairs of O. gazella, with 15 replicates for each treatment. After distribution of the treatments, 400 g of fresh bovine fecal mass were added to each treatment, followed by further additions of 300 g at day two and 300 g at four days after the first addition, which resulted in a total of 159 g of dry mass added. Ten days after the first addition, non incorporated feces in the soil were collected, and twenty days after seven seedlings of Brachiaria decumbens were transplanted to each pot. At 45, 65, and 85 days after planting, five replicates per treatment were harvested, and the shoot and root plant separated to determine vegetal mass production, by its dry matter weight. From the material harvest at the 85 days, the N and P contents were also determined. From the 159 g added, 75.1, 110.8, and 132.5 g were incorporated, in the treatment 3, 6, and 12 beetle pairs, respectively, which influenced plant establishment and production, as well as its N and P total content. Such a contribution was even more evident with the increase of incorporated biomass, which was proportional to the number of beetle pairs. The appearance of earthworms (non-identified) in the O. gazella treatments was observed, which did not occur in the control. These results attest the important contribution of this beetle specie to the grassland soils fertility.},
	keywords = {Brachiaria decumbens, Brazilian, dung beetle, pasture, savanna, soil biology},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076957700008},
	author = {Miranda, C. H. B. and dos Santos, J. C. C. and Bianchin, I.}
}
@article {2026,
	title = {Horn polyphenism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus: larval diet quality and plasticity in parental investment determine adult body size and male horn morphology},
	journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {6},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {636-641},
	keywords = {alternative phenotypes, facultative parental investment, Onthophagus, phenotypic plasticity, Polyphenism},
	author = {Moczek, Armin P.}
}
@article {2044,
	title = {Invasion of Mexico by two dung beetles previously introduced into the United States},
	journal = {Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {37-45},
	abstract = {Following the Australian CSIRO strategies, the United States Department of Agriculture introduced several dung beetle species as a biological control to decrease the dung accumulation and proliferation of different pest fly species therein. Of these, two species have been very successful: Digitonthophagus gazella and Euoniticellus intermedius. They have expanded from their release sites in the United States, and quickly invaded Mexican territory and dispersed rapidly. Here we report on 27 new capture sites in several Mexican states from 1994 to 1996 and discuss invasion routes as well as ecological conditions.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Digitonthophagus-gazella (Coleoptera-): Scaraca, Diptera-: Insecta-, Economic-Entomology, flies- (Diptera-): pest-, Invertebrata-, Pest-Assessment-Control-and-Management},
	author = {Montes de Oca, Enrique and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2085,
	title = {Log-normal distribution of species abundances is not a universal indicator of rain forest disturbance},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 27Cited References:      BAZZAZ FA, 1975, ECOLOGY, V56, P485     BEALL G, 1935, ECOLOGY, V16, P216     DELONG DM, 1932, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V25, P13     GRAY JS, 1979, MAR POLLUT B, V10, P142     GRAY JS, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P53     HILL JK, 1998, IN PRESS J APPL ECOL, V35     HILL JK, 1995, J APPL ECOL, V32, P754     JANZEN DH, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P661     KREBS CJ, 1989, ECOLOGICAL METHODOLO     LANGDALEBROWN I, 1964, VEGETATION UGANDA     LINDHOLM T, 1983, SILVA FENNICA, V17, P289     MAY RM, 1975, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION CO, P81     NUMMELIN M, 1992, AFR J ECOL, V30, P213     NUMMELIN M, 1991, AFRICAN J ECOLOGY, V30, P10     NUMMELIN M, 1989, FAUNA NORVEGICA B, V36, P17     NUMMELIN M, 1989, J TROP ECOL, V5, P349     NUMMELIN M, 1992, TROP ZOOL, V5, P155     NUMMELIN M, 1996, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V37, P201     PATRICK R, 1973, ASTM STP, V528, P76     RITCHIE M, 1986, INT S TROP ENT NAIR     SKORUPA JP, 1984, ORYX, V18, P96     STRUHSAKER TT, 1997, ECOLOGY AFRICAN RAIN     SUGIHARA G, 1980, AM NAT, V116, P770     TOKESHI M, 1993, ADV ECOL RES, V24, P111     VANDERMAAREL E, 1971, SCI MANAGEMENT ANIMA, P45     WHITTAKER RH, 1975, COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTE     WHITTAKER RH, 1965, SCIENCE, V147, P250EnglishArticle122YZJ APPL ECOL},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {454-457},
	abstract = {1. The fit to log-normal distribution of species abundances of grasshoppers, ladybird beetles, tortoise beetles and dung beetles and forest floor vegetation in unlogged and selectively felled sites in Kibale Forest, western Uganda was analysed. It was shown that the fit to log-normal distribution cannot be used as a straightforward universal indicator of rainforest disturbance.},
	keywords = {bioindicator, community structure, diversity, kibale forest, logging, patterns, tropical forest management, Uganda, virgin},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076100200009},
	author = {Nummelin, M.}
}
@article {2095,
	title = {Intra- and interspecific aggregation among dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in an Alpine pasture},
	journal = {Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {245},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {101-109},
	keywords = {aggregates, Dung, mate-finding, scarabeoid beetles},
	author = {Palestrini, Claudia and Barbero, Enrico and Rolando, Antonio}
}
@article {2130,
	title = {An unusual new unicorn species of Copris from Nicaragua (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae, Coprini)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {93-96},
	author = {Ratcliffe, Brett C.}
}
@article {2149,
	title = {Analisis preliminar sobre la composicion de los escarabajos necrofilos (Coleoptera: Silphidae y Scarabaeidae) presentes en dos bosques de pino (uno danado por fuego), en la estacion cientifica Las Joyas, Sierra de Manantlan, Jalisco, Mexico},
	journal = {Dugesiana},
	volume = {5},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {11-22},
	author = {Rivera-Cervantes, Luis Eugenio and Garcia-Real, Edith}
}
@article {2152,
	title = {Besouros coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) coletados em Piracicaba, SP},
	journal = {Sci. agric., Piracicaba},
	volume = {55},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	month = {jan-abr},
	pages = {53-58},
	keywords = {dung beetle, Dung pats, list of species, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Rodrigues, Sergio R. and Marchini, Luis C.}
}
@article {2182,
	title = {Male participation in nest building in the dung beetle Scarabaeus catenatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Mating effort versus paternal effort},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior.},
	volume = {11},
	number = {6},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {833-843},
	abstract = {The dung beetle, Scarabaeus catenatus, shows not only the rolling but also the tunneling tactic for nest building with bisexual cooperation. Sex roles, however, differed between the tactics. In rolling, the male took in initiative like that of ball-roller species: he rolled a dung ball away and buried it. In tunneling, in contrast, the male usually had a secondary role like that of tunnelers: he was less active in burrow excavation and provisioning. Regardless of the tactics, male participation did not increase female reproductive output measured by the number or size of brood balls in the field, but seemed to function as mate guarding against conspecific males. This suggests that, in both tactics, the male S. catenatus invests primarily in mating effort compared with paternal effort. The relative importance of mating effort in male participation seems to hold true in other dung beetles, irrespective of whether they are ball-roller or tunneler species. In addition, the male matingstrategy of S. catenatus is compared with that of other ball-rollers.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-rolling, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, male-, male-participation, mating-effort, nes, nest-building, Scarabaeus-catenatus [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-): female-},
	author = {Sato, Hiroaki}
}
@article {2203,
	title = {Dung beetles as secondary seed dispersers: impact on seed predation and germination},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Part 2},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {199-215},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000073634900006},
	author = {Shepherd, V. E. and Chapman, C. A.}
}
@article {2204,
	title = {Models to assist the evaluation of the impact of avermectins on dung insect populations},
	journal = {Ecological Modelling},
	volume = {110},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {165-173},
	abstract = {Avermectins are widely employed by farmers and veterinarians to control both internal and external livestock parasites. Following treatment of livestock, avermectins are gradually eliminated in faeces where they retain many of their insecticidal properties. However the timing and extent of typical parasite control measures, coupled with the eventual excretion and in situ degradation of avermectin residues, strongly suggests that only a proportion of the local cophrophilous insect population will be exposed to the active compound. This paper outlines one of the first formal attempts to quantitatively estimate the degree of exposure of dung insects to avermectins and the subsequent impact of this compound on their populations. An analytical model was employed to clarify the relationship between key variables, while a detail-rich, simulation model provided estimates of insect mortality in cattle farms under more realistic sets of assumptions. The impact of avermectins on dung insect populations was shown to be highly dependent on factors such as the proportion of cattle treated, the length of time faeces remain attractive and the time taken by cattle to excrete all active residues. In typical cattle farming systems, estimates of the maximum cumulative insect mortality in a given season were rarely },
	keywords = {Cophrophilous insect, Ecotoxicology, Exposure, IVERMECTIN},
	author = {Sherratt, Thomas N. and Macdougall, A. D. and Wratten, S. D. and Forbes, A. B.}
}
@inbook {2221,
	title = {Indicator taxa in the vanishing tropics},
	booktitle = {Conservation in a changing world},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {181-210},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	keywords = {forest change biodiversity dung beetles},
	author = {Spector, S. and Forsyth, A. B.},
	editor = {Balmford, A. and Mace, G.}
}
@article {2263,
	title = {New data and comments of Scarabaeidae associated with Attini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterist Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {209-216},
	keywords = {ants, dung beetle, food resources mammals, non-mammal resource},
	author = {Vaz-De-Mello, F. Z. and J{\'u}lio Neil Cassa Louzada and Schoereder, J. H}
}
@article {2287,
	title = {Two species of Canthon Hoffmannsegg feed  on dead and live invertebrates},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {2},
	year = {1998},
	note = {have copy-need to scan},
	pages = {101-104},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food mammals, Invertebrates-, resources},
	author = {Villalobos, J. and D{\'\i}az, A and Favila, M.}
}
@article {2320,
	title = {An evaluation of the gradsect biological survey method},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {7},
	number = {8},
	year = {1998},
	note = {158RKBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1093-1121},
	abstract = {Biological surveys are necessary to gather species distribution data for the identification of priority conservation areas. The rationale of the gradsect method is that sampling (transects) oriented along the steepest environmental gradient should detect the maximum number of species in an area. The efficiency of the gradsect survey method was evaluated by comparing it to random, systematic and habitat-specific survey methods, during faunal held surveys (target groups: birds and dung beetles). Three gradsects were positioned within the study area to follow the major physiographical characteristics, incorporate all environmental strata (land facets) and yet be as logistically convenient as possible. The efficiency of survey methods was expressed as the number of species recorded per sampling unit effort and illustrated using bootstrap estimations to plot species accumulation curves. The gradsect method proved to be as efficient as the habitat-specific survey method and consistently more efficient than the systematic and random surveys for both taxa sampled. The present study therefore illustrates that the gradsect survey method provides a cost- effective and swift representative sample of regional fauna. Moreover, the results indicate that land-form sequences, specifically {\textquoteright}land facets{\textquoteright}, are useful surrogates when sampling environmental diversity where distinct environmental gradients such as altitude and rainfall are absent.},
	keywords = {ecological data analysis},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000078129800007},
	author = {Wessels, K. J. and Van Jaarsveld, A. S. and Grimbeek, J. D. and Van der Linde, M. J.}
}
@article {2322,
	title = {Pogonomyrmex Mayr harvester ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): an additional cost associated with dung beetle, Canthon imitator Brown (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), reproduction?},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {2},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {157-160},
	author = {Whiting, Martin J. and Godwin, William}
}
@article {2351,
	title = {Observations of rove beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) predation on dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) in Panama},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {217-221},
	author = {Young, Orrey P.}
}
