@article {1453,
	title = {Ecophysiology, range contraction and survival of a geographically restricted African dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {30-39},
	keywords = {desiccation resistance, endemism, flight activity, flightless, scarab beetle, thermoregulation},
	author = {Chown, S. L. and Scholtz, C. H. and Klok, C. J. and Joubert, F. J. and Coles, K. S.}
}
@article {1553,
	title = {Seasonal-Variation in the Dung of African Grazing Mammals, and Its Consequences for Coprophagous Insects},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	number = {5},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Times Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 0EnglishArticleGL110FUNCT ECOL},
	pages = {617-628},
	abstract = {The dung of African grazing mammals varies in nutrient and moisture content according to the condition of the pasture on which the animals feed. This study investigated the effect of variation in quality of herbivore dung on the survival and reproduction of coprophagous insects. Seasonal variation was recorded in physical and chemical characteristics of zebra, wildebeest and impala dung. Dung was collected from free- ranging animals grazing in natural habitat in Mkuzi Game Reserve, a hot summer-rainfall region of South Africa. Interspecific differences in dung were related to the feeding ecology, digestive physiology and size of each species. Seasonal changes in water and nitrogen content of dung were related to patterns of rainfall and hence pasture growth. Dung moisture was significantly correlated with the amount of rain that fell in the preceding 2 weeks for wildebeest, in the preceding 4 weeks for impala and in the period 2-6 weeks before collection for zebra dung. Seasonal variability in wildebeest dung affected the reproductive rate of the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche). Egg production at 25- degrees-C ranged from 0.1 per female per week in winter dung to 12.1 in summer dung, and was significantly correlated with dung moisture. Euoniticellus intermedius and the African buffalo fly Haematobia thirouxi potans (Bezzi) could not breed in fresh wildebeest dung of 62\% water content. However when the water content was raised to 68\% and above, breeding by Euoniticellus intermedius increased; and at moisture contents of 73\% and above, buffalo fly size increased and survival improved. Higher water content was correlated with an increase in availability of dung fluid, the component of dung used by these insects.},
	keywords = {African herbivores, coprophagous, Dung, Dung beetles, food-, impala, quality, wildebeest, zebra},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991GL11000006},
	author = {Edwards, P. B.}
}
@article {1696,
	title = {Response of host species to brood parasitism in dung beetles: importance of nest location by parasitic species},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {6},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PDF},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {914-924},
	abstract = {1. Brood parasitism is an interaction that negatively affects reproductive success of host species, some of which have evolved defences to reduce offspring mortality caused by the parasites. In this study, we analyse the responses to interspecific brood parasitism of a dung beetle species, Onthophagus merdarius, in which reproductive success is heavily affected by parasitic beetles. 2. We used a combination of field and laboratory experiments to approach this question. Manipulating the effect of the presence of brood parasites on host nesting showed that there were no differences between treatments in nest traits. This absence of responses of the host species might be related to how and when brood parasites localize host nests: brood parasites actively find host nests after the nests have been finished and the nest burrows sealed. 3. Although both the rate of parasitism and the mortality rate caused by parasites are very high on O. merdarius, the possibility of the host species to evolve defence strategies against brood parasites is probably constrained by resource limitation for nesting in the study area. Because brood parasitism and resource limitation act synergistically favouring small brood size and small brood-mass size, smaller individuals may be also favoured under these conditions in the study area.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000225617200019 },
	author = {Gonzalez-Megias, A. and Sanchez-Pinero, F.}
}
@article {1899,
	title = {Horn size predicts physical performance in the beetle Euoniticellus intermedius (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {632-639},
	abstract = {1. In many animals, the size of secondary sexual ornaments is known to be related to the probability of victory in fights between males, and hence to fighting ability. However, few studies have attempted to link fighting ability to any physical performance measures. 2. Here we show that horn size in the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius accurately predicts two types of whole-organism performance, independent of body size, that are likely to play an important role in male contests: the force required to pull a beetle out of a tunnel, and the distance the beetle was able to run before exhaustion (maximum exertion). 3. Body length is also a statistically significant predictor of pulling force, but not of exertion, suggesting that horn size is a more reliable predictor of performance than body size alone, a result that is consistent with a previous finding that horn size becomes more important in determining victory in male-male contests as body size increases. 4. This study is the first to establish direct links between whole-organism performance abilities, male armaments and fighting ability in the same species. Our findings suggest that physiological performance capacities are important factors underlying the evolution of signal expression in E. intermedius, and should be considered in future studies of the evolution of animal signalling.},
	keywords = {ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS, anolis lizards, dimorphic male beetles, Dung beetles, energy-metabolism, hermit-crab fights, locomotor performance, male combat, onthophagus-acuminatus coleoptera, signalling, social-dominance, whole-organism performance},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000231397300011 },
	author = {Lailvaux, S. P. and Hathway, J. and Pomfret, J. and Knell, R. J.}
}
@article {1774,
	title = {Particle feeding in Aphodius dung beetles (Scarabaeidae): old hypothesis and new experimental evidence},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {631-637},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, dung beetle, feeding ecology, morphology, Mouthparts},
	author = {Holter, P.}
}
@article {2103,
	title = {On the statistical significance of functional diversity effects},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {297-303},
	abstract = {1. Changes in biodiversity can affect ecosystem processes through a variety of pathways, such as changes in community structure, loss of a keystone or changes in resource use patterns among species. The latter, also known as resource use complementarity, is an established mechanistic link between species and ecosystems. 2. At present, functional group richness is the dominant measure of the extent of resource use complementarity and has been manipulated in several experiments. These groups are constructed a priori  using information about differences between species and a statistically significant effect is typically identified by standard parametric tests. These tests implicitly assume that the a priori  functional groups are correct. 3. Avoiding this assumption requires a randomization (bootstrap) test of statistical significance that accounts for the effects of grouping per se . This test compares the observed test statistic to the distribution of the test statistic resulting from random assignment of species to groups. 4. Re-analyses of experimental manipulations of plant functional diversity by boot- strapping the critical significance value changed the ecological interpretation of results in nearly half of the experiments. This occurred because random assignment of species to functional groups frequently creates a strong relationship between functional diver- sity and ecosystem functioning. 5. The significant bootstrapped results that were found perhaps represent some of the most convincing evidence that functional diversity is an important determinant of local-scale ecosystem functioning. },
	keywords = {biodiversity, bootstrap, complementarity, ecosystem functioning, functional group},
	author = {Petchey, O. L.}
}
