@article {1309,
	title = {Comparaci{\'o}n de la composici{\'o}n y riqueza de especies de escarabajos copr{\'o}fagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en remanentes de bosque de la Orinoquia Colombiana},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1999},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {113-126},
	keywords = {Colombia, community, deforestation, dung beetle (biological conservation 2007), fragmentation, richness, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Amezquita, Sandra J. and Forsyth, Adrian and Lopera, Alejandro and Camacho, Andr{\'e}s}
}
@article {1332,
	title = {Diversity of dung and carrion beetles in a disturbed Mexican tropical montane cloud forest and on shade coffee plantations},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {601-615},
	abstract = {This paper analyzes the diversity of dung and carrion beetles (Scarabaeinae and Silphidae) in four human-induced habitats of a disturbed tropical montane cloud forest: polyspecific shade coffee plantations, monospecific shade coffee plantations, tropical montane cloud forest fragments, and clear cuts. The four habitats had similar richness, species composition, and assemblage structure of dung and carrion beetles. Differences were found in abundance and biomass levels for the four dominant species in the landscape. Dung beetles were more abundant than carrion beetles, but the biomass was higher for the latter. Carrion beetles were seasonal, while dung beetles were clearly not. When forest fragments and shade coffee plantations were compared to other similar habitats in the region, the same general pattern was observed. However, forests with high disturbance and monospecific shade coffee plantations had lower species richness than forests with low and medium disturbance and polyspecific shade coffee plantations. Thus shade coffee plantations maintain connectivity between patches of cloud forest in a landscape that is strongly affected by human activities. Protecting landscape diversity appears to ensure high species richness.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic change, biodiversity, carrion beetles, dung beetle, fragmentation, modification (biological conservation 2007), shade coffee plantations, tropical montane cloud forest, Veracruz},
	author = {Arellano, Lucrecia and Favila, Mario E and Huerta, Carmen}
}
@article {1339,
	title = {Dung beetle community (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae) in a tropical landscape at the Lachua Region, Guatemala},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {917XYBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {801-822},
	abstract = {Biological diversity conservation within natural reserves has been prioritized, but conservation efforts outside protected areas (where most human activities take place) have been very little considered. In this scenario, an alternative agricultural practice that may reduce the impacts of fragmentation in outer landscapes is a perforation process, which involves conservation in agricultural fields surrounded by continuous forests. Such practices enhance the positive impact of ecological services on fields. In this study we analyzed the biological diversity state in perforation fields and their surrounding forests. The analysis was done using dung beetles as biological indicators. A nested pattern in dung beetles distribution was found, which ordered the surrounding continuous forest sites as the ones with the highest species richness, followed by the perforation fields, and placed the fragmentation practice fields (continuous agricultural fields surrounding forest patches) with the lowest one. Indicator species for perforation fields and surrounding continuous forests were chosen. In general, perforation practice fields differed in composition, based upon functional groups richness and identity; it also contained a higher species richness than the fragmentation practice. Agricultural practices that enhance biological diversity conservation such as perforation, should be recommended and considered in natural resource management by local communities in order to take advantage of ecological services that otherwise may be gradually lost.},
	keywords = {biological diversity, Dung beetles, fragmentation, functional groups, landscape, nestedness, perforation practice},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228503800002},
	author = {Avendano-Mendoza, Carlos and Moron-Rios, Alejandro and Cano, Enio B. and Leon-Cortes, Jorge L.}
}
@article {1352,
	title = {Effects of forest fragmentation on the beetle assemblage at the relict forest of Fray Jorge, Chile},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {132},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {296-306},
	abstract = {Habitat fragmentation is recognized as one of the main factors associated with species extinction and is particularly acute in South American forest habitats. In this study, we examined the effects of forest fragmentation on the beetle assemblage at the relict temperate forest of Fray Jorge (Chile). We evaluated the following hypotheses: (1) there is a strong edge effect, so that the number of beetle species and individuals increases away from the edge, towards the inner part of each fragment, (2) this pattern should be apparent in the larger fragments but not in the smaller ones, where edge effects are expected to be stronger, and (3) there should be a significant interaction between number of species/individuals found inside and outside fragments (i.e., in the matrix) and season, because of an increase in aridity and water stress during austral summer months. We found that the relationship between the number of individuals and number of species vs distance from the matrix towards the forest interior was affected by fragment size and season. In general, both number of species and individuals tended to increase from the matrix towards the forest edge and then either decrease, increase or maintain a constant level, depending on fragment size and season. The result of an ANOVA analysis, which used season, size, and position (inside vs outside fragments) as factors and number of individuals as the response variable, showed a significant effect of fragment size, position, and season and a significant interaction between fragment size and season, season and position, and size and position. ANOVA analysis using number of species as the response variable showed that area, season, and position all had significant effects. The results also showed a significant interaction between size and season and between season and position. Our results emphasize the existence of strong fragment-size and seasonal effects modulating both the response of beetles to fragmentation and their abundance and distribution in temperate areas. Thus, seasonal dynamic effects can be of paramount importance to demonstrate and understand the effect of habitat fragmentation upon arthropod assemblages in temperate areas.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles, fragmentation, South America, temperate forests},
	author = {Barbosa, Olga and Marquet, Pablo A.}
}
@article {1507,
	title = {Historical biogeography of scarabaeine dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {29},
	number = {9},
	year = {2002},
	note = {598JTJ BIOGEOGR},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1217-1256},
	abstract = {Aim (1) To review briefly global biogeographical patterns in dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), a group whose evolutionary history has been dominated by ecological specialization to vertebrate dung in warmer climates. (2) To develop hypotheses accounting for the evolution of these patterns. Location Six principal biogeographical regions: Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical, Australasia, Neotropical, Nearctic and five outlying islands or island groups harbouring endemic genera: Caribbean, Madagascar, Mauritius, New Caledonia, New Zealand. Methods Major patterns of tribal, generic and species distribution are investigated using cluster analysis, ordination, parsimony analysis of endemism and track analysis. Attempts are made to resolve biogeographical patterns with findings in the fields of plate tectonics, fossil and evolutionary history, plus phylogeny of both mammals and dung beetles. Results Because of conflict between published findings, it is uncertain at what point in time density of dinosaur dung, mammal dung or both became sufficiently great to select for specialized habits in dung beetles. However, biogeographical evidence would suggest a Mesozoic origin followed by further taxonomic radiation during the Cenozoic, possibly in response to the increasing size and diversity of mammalian dung types in South America and Afro-Eurasia. Proportional generic distribution in fourteen tribes and subtribes showed four principal biogeographical patterns: (1) southerly biased Gondwanaland distribution, (2) Americas or (3) Madagascar endemism, and (4) northerly biased, Afro-Eurasian- centred distribution with limited numbers of genera also widespread in other regions. Proportional composition of faunas in eleven geographical regions indicated three principal distributional centres, East Gondwanaland fragments, Afro- Eurasia and the Americas. These patterns probably result from three principal long-term range expansion and vicariance events (Mesozoic: Gondwanaland interchange and fragmentation, Cenozoic: Afro-Eurasian/Nearctic interchange and the Great American interchange). It is suggested that old vicariance caused by the Mesozoic fragmentation of Gondwanaland leads to a high degree of regional endemism at generic or tribal level across one or more Gondwanaland tracks. In contrast, it is suggested that the more recent Cenozoic range expansions occurred primarily towards northern regions leading to endemism primarily at species level. These Cenozoic radiations were facilitated by the re-linking of continents, either because of tectonic plate movements (Africa to Eurasia in Miocene), climatically induced sea-level change (Afro-Eurasia to Nearctic in Miocene and Pleistocene), or similar coupled with orogenics (Nearctic to Neotropical in Pliocene). Speciation has followed vicariance either because of climatic change or physical barrier development. These recent range expansions probably occurred principally along an Afro-Eurasian land track to the Nearctic and Neotropical and an Americas land track northwards from the Neotropics to the Nearctic, with limited dispersal from Eurasia to Australia, probably across a sea barrier. This accounts for the overall, spatially constrained, biogeographical pattern comprising large numbers of species- poor genera endemic to a single biogeographical region and fewer more species-rich genera, many of which show wider biogeographical distributions. In most southerly regions (Australasia, Madagascar, Neotropical), faunal composition and generic endemism is primarily dominated by elements with Gondwanaland ancestry, which is consistent with the Gondwanaland origin claimed for Scarabaeinae. In Afro-Eurasia (Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical), generic endemism of monophyletically derived Afro-Eurasian and widespread lineages is centred in the Afrotropical region and faunal composition is numerically dominated by Afro-Eurasian and widespread elements. In the Nearctic region, the fauna is jointly dominated by widespread elements, derived from Afro-Eurasia, and Gondwanaland and Americas elements derived from the Neotropical region. Main conclusions Global biogeographical patterns in scarabaeine dung beetles primarily result from Mesozoic and Cenozoic range expansion events followed by vicariance, although recent dispersal to Australia may have occurred across sea barriers. Detailed phylogenetics research is required to provide data to support dispersal/vicariance hypotheses.},
	keywords = {assemblage coleoptera, biogeography, community organization, dinosaurs, dispersal, distributional patterns, Dung, fragmentation, global, habitat, hindwing articulation, historical, mammals, rain-forest, s-str, Scarabaeinae, southern african, vicariance, w},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000178273300010},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Scholtz, C. H. and Philips, T. K.}
}
@article {1573,
	title = {Vulnerability of South African animal taxa to climate change},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {8},
	number = {7},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 96Cited References:      1998, WHITE PAPER POPULATI     *AFR NAT C, 1994, REC DEV PROGR     *IPCC, 1992, CLIM CHANG 1992 SUPP     *IPCC, 1995, CLIM CHANG 1995 IMP     *IPCC, 2000, EM SCEN 2000     *IPCC, 1997, REG IMP CLIM CHANG 1     ALLAN DG, 1997, ATLAS SO AFRICAN BIR     BRANCH WR, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P91     BROWN JH, 1998, BIOGEOGRAPHY     BROWN JH, 1995, MACROECOLOGY     BUSE A, 1999, FUNCT ECOL S1, V13, P74     CAMMELL ME, 1992, ADV ECOL RES, V22, P117     CAUGHLEY G, 1996, CONSERVATION BIOL TH     CHANNELL R, 2000, NATURE, V403, P84     CHOWN SL, 1999, BIOL REV, V74, P87     COOPE GR, 1995, EXTINCTION RATES, P55     CORNELL HV, 1992, J ANIM ECOL, V61, P1     DAVIS AJ, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P600     DAVIS AJ, 1998, NATURE, V391, P783     DAVIS ALV, 1997, AFR J ECOL, V35, P10     DELEO JM, 1993, P 2 INT S UNC MOD AN, P318     DELONG ER, 1988, BIOMETRICS, V44, P837     DRINKROW DR, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P82     EELEY HAC, 1999, J BIOGEOGR, V26, P595     ERASMUS BFN, 2000, AFR ENTOMOL, V8, P157     FAIRBANKS DHK, 2000, S AFR J SCI, V96, P69     FAJER ED, 1989, SCIENCE, V243, P1198     FEARNSIDE PM, 1999, ENVIRON CONSERV, V26, P305     FIELDING AH, 1997, ENVIRON CONSERV, V24, P38     FREEDMAN B, 1989, ENV ECOLOGY IMPACTS     FREITAG S, 1997, AFR ENTOMOL, V5, P205     FREITAG S, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P136     GASTON KJ, 1997, J ANIM ECOL, V66, P579     GASTON KJ, 1999, OIKOS, V86, P584     GASTON KJ, 1994, RARITY     GATES DM, 1993, CLIMATE CHANGE ITS B     GELDERBLOM CM, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P103     GELDERBLOM CM, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P127     GUISAN A, 2000, ECOL MODEL, V135, P147     HAMMOND PM, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V345, P119     HARRISON JA, 1997, ATLAS SO AFRICAN BIR     HILL JK, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P1197     HOCHBERG ME, 1999, ECOGRAPHY, V222, P268     HULL HE, 1998, AFR ENTOMOL, V6, P265     JABLONSKI D, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P1367     JABLONSKI D, 1985, PALEOBIOLOGY, V11, P75     JABLONSKI D, 1991, SCIENCE, V253, P754     JEFFREE CE, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P562     JEFFREE EP, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P640     KERR J, 1998, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V49, P263     KOCH SO, 2000, J INSECT CONSERVATIO, V4, P45     KRAEMER HC, 1988, AM STAT, V42, P37     LAWTON JH, 1995, EXTINCTION RATES     LELAGADEC MD, 1998, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V168, P112     LOMBARD AT, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P145     LOVEGROVE BG, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V74, P600     LOW AB, 1996, VEGETATION S AFRICA     MARKHAM A, 1996, VULNERABILITY ADAPTA     MASTERS GJ, 1998, ECOL ENTOMOL, V23, P45     MCDONALD I, 1996, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANG, P83     MCNEELY JA, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V4, P510     MCNEELY JA, 1994, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V3, P390     MYERS AA, 1988, ANAL BIOGEOGRAPHY IN     OATLEY T, 1998, ROBINS AFRICA     OBUCHOWSKI NA, 1998, ACAD RADIOL, V5, P561     ORESKES N, 1994, SCIENCE, V263, P641     PARMESAN C, 1999, NATURE, V399, P579     POUNDS JA, 1999, NATURE, V398, P611     POYNTON JC, 1996, J BIOGEOGR, V23, P669     POYNTON JC, 1961, NATURE, V189, P801     RICHTER TA, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P240     RICKLEFS RE, 1993, SPECIES DIVERSITY EC     ROBINSON T, 1997, MED VET ENTOMOL, V11, P223     ROBINSON T, 1997, MED VET ENTOMOL, V11, P235     RODRIGUES ASL, 2000, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V267, P49     ROGERS DJ, 1994, LARGE SCALE ECOLOGY, P247     ROOT T, 1988, J BIOGEOGR, V15, P489     ROY K, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P458     RUTHERFORD M, 2000, DIVERSITY AND DISTRI, V5, P253     RUTHERFORD MC, 1994, MEM BOT SURV S AFR, V63, P1     SCHOLTZ CH, 1995, S AFR J SCI, V91, P124     SCHULZE R, 1997, S AFRICAN ATLAS AGRO     SHANNON DA, 2000, THESIS U CAPETOWN     SPICER JI, 1999, PHYSL DIVERSITY ITS     SUTHERST RW, 1985, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V13, P281     SUTHERST RW, 1995, INSECTS CHANGING ENV, P59     THOMAS JA, 1999, FUNCT ECOL S1, V13, P55     TOKESHI M, 1999, SPECIES COEXISTENCE     VANJAARSVELD AS, 1998, S AFR J SCI, V94, P210     VANJAARSVELD AS, 2000, SUSTAINABILITY CHALL, P265     VANRENSBURG B, 2000, ECOLOGY, V8, P3163     VANWYK AE, 1996, BIODIVERSITY AFRICAN, P198     VIDA S, 1993, COMPUT METH PROG BIO, V40, P95     WESSELS KJ, 2000, ANIM CONSERV 1, V3, P67     WHITE F, 1983, VEGETATION AFRICA DE     ZWEIG MH, 1993, CLIN CHEM, V39, P561EnglishArticle559ZDGLOB CHANGE BIOL},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {679-693},
	abstract = {The responsiveness of South African fauna to climate change events is poorly documented and not routinely incorporated into regional conservation planning. We model the likely range alterations of a representative suite of 179 animal species to climate change brought about by the doubling of CO2 concentrations. This scenario is expected to cause a mean temperature increase of 2 degreesC. We applied a multivariate climate envelope approach and evaluated model performance using the most comprehensive bird data set. The results were encouraging, although model performance was inconsistent in the eastern coastal area of the country. The levels of climate change induced impacts on species ranges varied from little impact to local extinction. Some 17\% of species expanded their ranges, 78\% displayed range contraction (4-98\%), 3\% showed no response and 2\% became locally extinct. The majority of range shifts (41\%) were in an easterly direction, reflecting the east-west aridity gradient across the country. Species losses were highest in the west. Substantially smaller westward shifts were present in some eastern species. This may reflect a response to the strong altitudinal gradient in this region, or may be a model artifact. Species range change (composite measure reflecting range contraction and displacement) identified selected species that could act as climate change indicator taxa. Red-data and vulnerable species showed similar responses but were more likely to display range change (58\% vs. 43\% for all species). Predictions suggest that the flagship, Kruger National Park conservation area may loose up to 66\% of the species included in this analysis. This highlights the extent of the predicted range shifts, and indicates why conflicts between conservation and other land uses are likely to escalate under conditions of climate change.},
	keywords = {beetles coleoptera, common fly belt, conservation, Dung beetles, fragmentation, geographical ranges, habitat availability, land-use, protection status, range contraction, sensed vegetation data, species turnover, tsetse habitat},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000176055800007},
	author = {Erasmus, B. F. N. and Van Jaarsveld, A. S. and Chown, S. L. and Kshatriya, M. and Wessels, K. J.}
}
@article {1579,
	title = {Space and time distribution along a succesional gradient of coprofagous coleopterans (Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae) in a tropical montane forest, Narino Colombia},
	journal = {Revista De Biologia Tropical},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 39Cited References:      AMAT G, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P191     ANDRADE IG, 1992, BIODIVERSIDAD CONSER, P9     BREYTENBACH W, 1986, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V49, P359     CAVALIER J, 1991, BOSQUES NIEBLA COLOM, P69     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     ELLIOT JM, 1977, SOME METHODS STAT AN     EMLEN DJ, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P567     ESCOBAR F, 1999, 4 REUN LAT AM SCAR V, P135     ESCOBAR F, 2000, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V79, P103     ESCOBAR F, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P419     ESCOBAR F, 1994, THESIS U VALLE CALI     ESPINAL S, 1977, ZONAS VIDA FORMACION, V13     ESTRADA A, 1993, J TROP ECOL, V9, P45     FAVILA ME, 1997, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V72, P1     FAVILA ME, 1993, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V5, P319     FAVILA ME, 1988, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEX, V75, P117     FINCHER GT, 1973, COL B, V27, P33     FORMAN RTT, 1995, LAND MOSAICS     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLES ECOLOGY, P331     HANSKI I, 1989, ECOSYSTEMS WORLD B, V14, P489     HOBBS RJ, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P324     JANZEN HD, 1982, OIKOS, V33, P274     KATTAN GH, 1996, FOREST PATCHES TROPI, P3     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     LORD JM, 1990, CONSERV BIOL, V4, P197     NEALIS VG, 1977, CAN J ZOOL, V5, P138     ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230     SAUNDERS DA, 1991, CONSERV BIOL, V5, P18     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     SOWIG P, 1996, ECOGRAPHY, V19, P254     SOWIG P, 1995, ECOGRAPHY, V18, P147     STOUFFER PC, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P2429     VANDERHAMMEN T, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, P603     WEINS JA, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P369     WOLDA H, 1988, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V19, P1FrenchArticle450BDREV BIOL TROP},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {961-975},
	abstract = {Dung beetles (Scarabaeinae y Aphodiinae) were used to evaluate the effects of human activities in the area surrounding La Planada Natural Reserve, southwestern Colombia. During 1993 we monitored three habitats: primary and secondary forest, and open fields used for cattle grazing. A total of 55 295 trap / hours, evenly distributed among the three habitat types, captured 9 115 individuals (18 species, 11 general. There were differences in species richness between habitats (F-2,F-9 = 29.88; P < 0.001), an in number of individuals (F-2,F-9 = 36.22; P < 0.001). Collecting sites differed within habitats. Cluster analyses show that species composition differs between habitats with and without tree cover. Open areas act as barriers for movements of forest species. Differences between habitats and collecting sites may reflect high environmental heterogeneity, land use history of the sites or the influence of nearby disturbance. Some of the species found in open fields come from lower elevations and are usually associated with intense human disturbance. The proportion of digging and rolling: species is similar in both primary and secondary forest, nocturnal species are more abundant; in open areas rolling species are absent and the number of diurnal species increases. We found no relationship between rainfall and species richness (r(2) = 0.26; P = 0.41), nor between rainfall and number of individuals collected throughout the year (r(2) = 0.07; P = 0.84). For all species the number of individuals collected decreased during dry season and during the onset of the rainy season.},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, Colombian Andes, consequences, diversity and conservation, Dung beetles, fragmentation, heterogeneity, Scarabaeinae, soil-moisture, spatial, succession gradient},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169720900020},
	author = {Escobar, F. and de Ulloa, P. C.}
}
@article {1585,
	title = {Space and time distribution along a succesional gradient of coprofagous coleopterans (Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae) in a tropical montane forest, Narino Colombia},
	journal = {Revista De Biologia Tropical},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 39Cited References:      AMAT G, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P191     ANDRADE IG, 1992, BIODIVERSIDAD CONSER, P9     BREYTENBACH W, 1986, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V49, P359     CAVALIER J, 1991, BOSQUES NIEBLA COLOM, P69     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     ELLIOT JM, 1977, SOME METHODS STAT AN     EMLEN DJ, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P567     ESCOBAR F, 1999, 4 REUN LAT AM SCAR V, P135     ESCOBAR F, 2000, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V79, P103     ESCOBAR F, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P419     ESCOBAR F, 1994, THESIS U VALLE CALI     ESPINAL S, 1977, ZONAS VIDA FORMACION, V13     ESTRADA A, 1993, J TROP ECOL, V9, P45     FAVILA ME, 1997, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V72, P1     FAVILA ME, 1993, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V5, P319     FAVILA ME, 1988, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEX, V75, P117     FINCHER GT, 1973, COL B, V27, P33     FORMAN RTT, 1995, LAND MOSAICS     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLES ECOLOGY, P331     HANSKI I, 1989, ECOSYSTEMS WORLD B, V14, P489     HOBBS RJ, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P324     JANZEN HD, 1982, OIKOS, V33, P274     KATTAN GH, 1996, FOREST PATCHES TROPI, P3     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     LORD JM, 1990, CONSERV BIOL, V4, P197     NEALIS VG, 1977, CAN J ZOOL, V5, P138     ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230     SAUNDERS DA, 1991, CONSERV BIOL, V5, P18     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     SOWIG P, 1996, ECOGRAPHY, V19, P254     SOWIG P, 1995, ECOGRAPHY, V18, P147     STOUFFER PC, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P2429     VANDERHAMMEN T, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, P603     WEINS JA, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P369     WOLDA H, 1988, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V19, P1FrenchArticle450BDREV BIOL TROP},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {961-975},
	abstract = {Dung beetles (Scarabaeinae y Aphodiinae) were used to evaluate the effects of human activities in the area surrounding La Planada Natural Reserve, southwestern Colombia. During 1993 we monitored three habitats: primary and secondary forest, and open fields used for cattle grazing. A total of 55 295 trap / hours, evenly distributed among the three habitat types, captured 9 115 individuals (18 species, 11 general. There were differences in species richness between habitats (F-2,F-9 = 29.88; P < 0.001), an in number of individuals (F-2,F-9 = 36.22; P < 0.001). Collecting sites differed within habitats. Cluster analyses show that species composition differs between habitats with and without tree cover. Open areas act as barriers for movements of forest species. Differences between habitats and collecting sites may reflect high environmental heterogeneity, land use history of the sites or the influence of nearby disturbance. Some of the species found in open fields come from lower elevations and are usually associated with intense human disturbance. The proportion of digging and rolling: species is similar in both primary and secondary forest, nocturnal species are more abundant; in open areas rolling species are absent and the number of diurnal species increases. We found no relationship between rainfall and species richness (r(2) = 0.26; P = 0.41), nor between rainfall and number of individuals collected throughout the year (r(2) = 0.07; P = 0.84). For all species the number of individuals collected decreased during dry season and during the onset of the rainy season.},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, Colombian Andes, consequences, diversity and conservation, Dung beetles, fragmentation, heterogeneity, Scarabaeinae, soil-moisture, spatial, succession gradient},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169720900020},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico and de Ulloa, P. C.}
}
@article {1846,
	title = {Diversity of dung-beetle community in declining Japanese subalpine forest caused by an increasing sika deer population},
	journal = {Ecological Research},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {135-141},
	abstract = {The Ohdaigahara subalpine plateau in Japan has recently suffered a reduction in primary forest land caused by an increasing population of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Deer have debarked many trees, causing die-back, gradually changing the primary forest first to light forest with a floor that is densely covered with sasa grass (Sasa nipponica) and then to S. nipponica grassland. To examine the effects of vegetative transformation on the dung-beetle community, we compared the diversity and abundance of dung-beetle assemblages in the primary forest, transition forest, and S. nipponica grassland using dung-baited pitfall traps. The species richness and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were significantly highest in the primary forest and lowest in the S. nipponica grassland. The evenness (Smith-Wilson index) was highest in the primary forest and nearly equal in the transition forest and S. nipponica grassland. The abundance was apparently greater in the transition forest than in the primary forest and S. nipponica grassland. These results suggest that loss of primary forest resulting from an increasing deer population decreases the diversity of the dung-beetle community while increasing the abundance of dung beetles in the transition forest. Sika deer use transition forests and grasslands more frequently than primary forests as habitat, but an increase in dung supply there does not necessarily increase the diversity or abundance of dung-beetle assemblages.},
	keywords = {alouatta-palliata, COLEOPTERA, dung beetle, evenness, fragmentation, los-tuxtlas, Mexico, ohdaigahara mammals, primary forest, sasa nipponica, Sasa nipponica grassland, Scarabaeidae, south-africa, transition forest, tropical rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228011500004 },
	author = {Kanda, N. and Yokota, T. and Shibata, E. and Sato, H.}
}
@mastersthesis {1941,
	title = {Distribuici{\'o}n y diversidad de escarabajos copr{\'o}fagos (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) en tres relictos de bosque altoandino (Cordillera Oriental, Vertiente Occidental), Colombia.},
	year = {1996},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {123},
	school = {Pontificia Universidad Javeriana},
	type = {Tesis de Grado},
	address = {Bogot{\'a}. Colombia.},
	keywords = {Colombia, Disturbance, dung beetle, fragmentation, moist tropical forest, scarabaeinae (biological conservation 2007)},
	author = {Lopera, A.}
}
@article {1592,
	title = {Dung beetles in continous forest, forest fragments and in an agricultural mosiac habitat island at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {1903-1918},
	keywords = {conservation, dung beetle, fragmentation, Los Tuxtlas, mammal mammals, Mexico, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {1614,
	title = {Effects of Forest Fragmentation on a Dung Beetle Community in French Guiana},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital  and hard copy},
	pages = {1103-1112},
	abstract = {Abstract: Fragmentation is the most common disturbance induced by humans in tropical forests. Some insect groups are particularly suitable for studying the effects of fragmentation on animal communities because they are taxonomically and ecologically homogenous. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on a dung beetle species community in the forest archipelago created in 1994-1995 by the dam of Petit Saut, French Guiana. We set and baited an equal number of pitfall traps for dung beetles on three mainland sites and seven island sites. The sites ranged from 1.1 to 38 ha. In 250 trap days, we captured 50 species in 19 genera. Diversity indices were high (2.18-4.06). The lowest diversity was on the small islands and one mainland site. Species richness and abundance were positively related to fragment area but not to distance from mainland or distance to the larger island. The islands had lower species richness and population than mainland forest, but rarefied species richness was relatively invariant across sites. There was a marked change in species composition with decreasing fragment that was not caused by the presence of a common fauna of disturbed-area species on islands. Small islands differed from larger islands, which did not differ significantly from mainland sites. Partial correlation analyses suggested that species richness and abundance of dung beetle species were positively related to the number of species of nonflying mammals and the density index of howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus), two parameters positively related to fragment area. Efectos de la Fragmentacion de Bosques sobre una Comunidad de Escarabajos Coprofagos en La Guyana Francesa Resumen: La fragmentacion es la mas comun de las perturbaciones inducidas por humanos en bosques tropicales. Algunos grupos de insectos son particularmente adecuados para estudiar los efectos de la fragmentacion sobre comunidades animales porque son taxonomica y ecologicamente homogeneos. Investigamos los efectos de la fragmentacion de bosques sobre una comunidad de especies de escarabajos coprofagos en el archipielago de bosque creado en 1994-1995 por la presa de Petit Saut, Guyana Francesa. Colocamos y cebamos el mismo numero de trampas para escarabajos coprofagos en tres sitios continentales y siete sitios insulares. Los sitios variaron entre 1.1 y 38 ha. En 250 dias-trampa, capturamos 50 especies en 19 generos. Los indices de diversidad fueron altos (2.18-4.06). La menor diversidad ocurrio en las islas pequenas y en un sitio continental. La riqueza y abundancia de especies se relacionaron positivamente con el area del fragmento pero negativamente con la distancia al continente o a la isla mas grande. Las islas tuvieron menor riqueza de especies y tamano poblacional que el bosque continental, pero la riqueza de especies rarificada fue relativamente invariable en todos los sitios. Hubo un cambio notable en la composicion de especies con la disminucion del fragmento que no se debio a la presencia de una fauna comun de especies de areas perturbadas en las islas. Las islas pequenas difirieron de islas mas grandes que no difirieron significativamente de los sitios continentales. Los analisis de correlacion parcial sugirieron que la riqueza y abundancia de especies de escarabajos coprofagos se correlacionaron positivamente con el numero de especies de mamiferos no voladores y con el indice de densidad de monos aulladores (Alouatta seniculus), dos parametros que se relacionan positivamente con el area del fragmento.},
	keywords = {dung beetle, fragmentation, lago guri mammals, mammal},
	url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/cbi },
	author = {Feer, Francois and Hingrat, Yves}
}
@article {2012,
	title = {Anthropogenic determinants of primate and carnivore local extinctions in a fragmented forest landscape of southern Amazonia},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {383{\textendash}396},
	keywords = {Amazonia, fragmentation, mammal, mammals},
	author = {Michalski, F and Peres, CA. . .  124: .}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {Frog, Bat and Dung Beetle Diversity in the Cloud Forest and Coffee Agroecosystems of Veracruz, Mexico},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	pages = {400-410},
	keywords = {agroforestry (biological conservation 2007), cloud forest, Disturbance, Dung beetles, fragmentation, Mexico, multi-taxa, polyagroforestry, Veracruz},
	author = {Pineda, Eduardo and Moreno, Claudia and Escobar, Frederico and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2118,
	title = {Rapid recovery of dung beetle communities following habitat fragmentation in Central Amazonia},
	journal = {Ecology },
	volume = {86},
	number = {12},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {3303-3311},
	keywords = {brazil, Disturbance, Dung beetles, faunal collapse (biological conservation 2007), fragmentation, klein, manaus, recovery},
	author = {Quintero, Ingrid and Roslin, Tomas}
}
@article {2132,
	title = {Copro-necrophagous beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) diversity in an agroecosystem in Yucatan, Mexico},
	journal = {Revista de Biologia Tropical},
	volume = {55},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {83-99},
	abstract = {Scarabaeinae are sensitive to structural habitat changes caused by disturbance. We compared coprone- crophagous beetle (Scarabaeinae) community structure in three differently managed zones within an agroeco- system of the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. We placed dung and carrion traps once a month from June 2004 through May 2005. The beetle community included 17 species from the genera Canthon, Canthidium, Deltochilum, Pseudocanthon, Malagoniella, Onthophagus, Phanaeus, Copris, Uroxys, Sisyphus and Ateuchus. The secondary vegetation had a higher beetle diversity than the other two zones. Species richness was highest in the Brosimum alicastrum plantation. The pasture had the lowest species diversity and richness, but exhibited the highest abundance of Scarabaeinae in the dry season. The two zones with extensive tree cover were the most diverse. Roller beetles were dominant over burrower species and small-sized species outnumbered large species. Our data show two important issues: beetle species in the pasture extended their activity to the beginning of the dry season, while abundances dropped in the other, unirrigated zones; and the possibility that the Scarabaeinae living in neotropical forests are opportunistic saprophages and have specialized habits for resources other than dung. The B. alicastrum plantation is beneficial to the entire ranch production system because it functions as a dispersion and development area for stenotopic species limited to tree cover.},
	keywords = {agroecosystems, biodiversity, Brosimum alicastrum, fragmentation, Scarabaeinae, Yucatan.},
	author = {Reyes Novelo, Enrique and Delfin-Gonzalez, Hugo and Moron, Miguel-Angel}
}
@mastersthesis {2187,
	title = {Fatores determinantes da riqueza local de esp{\'e}cies de Scarabaeidae (Insecta: Cole{\'o}ptera) em fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidec{\'\i}dua},
	volume = {Mestrado},
	year = {2003},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {68},
	school = {Universidade Federal de Lavras},
	address = {Lavras},
	keywords = {(biological conservation 2007), absence, Brasil, brazil, dung beetle, fragmentation, presence, Scarabaeinae, semideciduous},
	author = {Schiffler, Gustavo}
}
@article {2231,
	title = {Loss of dung beetles puts ecosystems in deep doo-doo},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {305},
	number = {5688},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {1230-1231},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecosystem services, fragmentation, function, lago guri, Neotropical, response, trond larsen},
	author = {Stokstad, Erik}
}
@article {2259,
	title = {Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera:Scabaeoidea) de um fragmento de floresta amaz{\^o}nica no estado de Acre, Brasil},
	journal = {Annales da Sociedade de Entomologia Brasil},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {447-453},
	keywords = {Amazonia, Brasil, dung beetle, fragmentation, moist tropical forest (biological conservation 2007)},
	author = {Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.}
}
