@article {1364,
	title = {Protection chimique du nid chez Canthon cyanellus cyanellus LeConte (Col. Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France},
	volume = {88},
	year = {1983},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {602-607},
	keywords = {chemical, diptera, dung beetle, ecological services, fly control, function, Neotropics, protection, single species, tropical, tropics},
	author = {Bell{\'e}s, Xaxier and Favila, Mario E}
}
@article {1371,
	title = {Seasonal activity and species composition of dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) inhabiting cattle pastures in North Carolina},
	journal = {Annals Of The Entomological Society Of America},
	volume = {98},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	month = {May},
	pages = {309-321},
	abstract = {Species composition and seasonal distribution of dung beetles were studied on dairy and beef cattle pastures in North Carolina. Study sites included a dairy located in the piedmont region (North Carolina Department of Agriculture Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, NC) and a combined dairy/beef facility in the coastal plain (North Carolina Department of Agriculture Center for Environmental Farming Systems, Goldsboro, NC). Dung beetles were trapped in cattle pastures from March 2002 through September 2003 by using dung-baited pitfall traps. Trapping yielded 4,111 beetles representing 14 species from the piedmont dairy, including Aphodius prodromus Brahm, a new record for North Carolina. Totals of 57,026 beetles representing 28 species and 28,857 beetles representing 26 species were trapped from the dairy unit and beef unit in the coastal plain site, respectively. Onthophagus gazella (F.), a second new record for North Carolina, was collected from the coastal plain. Beetles common to all collection sites include Aphodius erraticus (L.), Aphodius fimetarius (L.), Aphodius granarius (L.), Aphodius pseudolividus Balthasar, Onthophagus tattrus Scbreber, Onthophagus hecate hecate Panzer, and Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold. The introduced beetle O. taurus dominated the dung beetle population, accounting for \&GT; 50\% of the total beetles caught at either site. Beetle activity was greatest from March until November, with activity declining during the winter. Nine exotic species in the genera Onthophagus and Aphodius represented nearly 95\% of the beetles trapped.},
	keywords = {African buffalo fly, aphodius, bovine dung, canada, cattle, coastal-plain, diptera, dung beetle, flies, growth, habitat, muscidae, north america, north carolina dung beetle, Onthophagus, onthophagus-taurus, piedmont, SURVIVAL},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228963400009 },
	author = {Bertone, Matt and Green, Jim and Washburn, Steve and Poore, Matt and Sorenson, Clyde and Watson, D. Wes}
}
@article {1434,
	title = {A Checklist of arthropods associated with pig carrion and human corpses in southeastern Brazil},
	journal = {Memoria Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro},
	volume = {95},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Jan/Feb},
	pages = {135-138},
	abstract = {Necrophagous insects, mainly Diptera and Coleoptera, are attracted to specific stages of carcass decomposition, in a process of faunistic succession. They are very important in estimating the postmortem interval, the time interval between the death and the discovery of the body. In studies done with pig carcasses exposed to natural conditions in an urban forest (Santa Genebra Reservation), located in Campinas, State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, 4 out of 36 families of insects collected - Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae  (Diptera) and Dermestidae (Coleoptera) {\textendash} were considered of forensic importance, because several species were collected in large numbers both visiting and breeding in pig carcasses. Several species were also observed and collected on human corpses at the Institute of Legal Medicine. The species belonged to 17 different families, 6 being of forensic importance because they were reared from human corpses or pig carcasses: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, Piophilidae (Diptera), Dermestidae, Silphidae and Cleridae (Coleoptera). The most important species were: Diptera {\textendash} Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya putoria, Hemilucilia segmentaria, Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Calliphoridae), Pattonella intermutans (Sarcophagidae), Ophyra chalcogaster (Muscidae), Piophila casei (Piophilidae); Coleoptera {\textendash}  Dermestes maculatus (Dermestidae), Oxyletrum disciolle (Silphidae) and Necrobia rufipes (Cleridae). },
	keywords = {carrion insects, COLEOPTERA, death time, decomposition, diptera, Forensic entomology},
	author = {Carvalho, L. M. L. and Thyssen, P. J. and Linhares, A. X. and Palhares, F. A. B.}
}
@article {1953,
	title = {Field effects of ivermectin residues on dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {428-436},
	abstract = {1. The effects and the persistence of a single injection of ivermectin (lvomecR) to steers, at the recommended dose rate of 200 yg kg-{\textquoteright} body weight, were studied in spring field experiments (Spanish conditions). 2. Elimination of ivermectin by cattle (faecal route) was rapid (12 days), with a peak in day 5. The persistence of ivermectin in dropped dung was low under field conditions (<6 days). 3. The drug itself did not increase attraction of beetles to dung. The attraction of beetles to dung from treated animals increased after day 5 until day 17, beyond the time when ivermectin was available. The hypothesis made was that ivermectin modified the gut flora of treated cattle after the peak of elimination. Watering of pats did not influence results. 4. Ivermectin concentration in dung dropped on days 1and 10 post-treatment in- hibited the development of larvae of the dung-dwelling Diptera Neomyia cornicina. At the former concentration, it inhibited the development of the dung beetle Euoniticellus fulvus whereas, for the latter, a slight delay in development was observed. 5. The consequences of routine treatment of cattle with ivermectin on non-target organisms are discussed. The risks for the environment are different according to insect groups and countries, mainly due to differences in conditions of temperature and degradation of ivermectin.},
	keywords = {attraction, COLEOPTERA, diptera, Dung beetles, elimination, environmental risks., IVERMECTIN, persistence},
	author = {Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Galante, E. and Lumbreras, C. and Mena, J. and Bertrand, M. and Bernal, J. L. and Cooper, J. F. and Kadiri, N. and Crowe, D.}
}
@article {1970,
	title = {Insects (Arthropoda: Insecta) collected on bovine feces after different times of field exposure in Itumbiara, Goias, Brazil},
	journal = {Arq. Instituto de Biologia, Sao Paulo},
	volume = {70},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	month = {jul/sep},
	pages = {377-380},
	abstract = {The collection of insects in cattle dung deposited in pasture were observed from January to October 2001 in Itumbiara, Goias, Brasil. Cattle dung pats were exposed at a pasture for 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 and 240 hours and were than taken to the laboratory separate from each other, for Diptera extraction. A total of 100 dung pats were exposed at pasture. A total of 3,229 Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) and 3,099 Diptera were collected. The most abundant species dipterous were: Palaeosepsis spp. and Sarcophagula occidua and coleopterous: Ataenius aequalis e Aphodius lividus. The periods of the highest population peak were: 24, 48 and 72 hours.},
	keywords = {brazil, cattle dung, diptera, Insecta, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Marchiori, Carlos H.}
}
@article {2306,
	title = {Laboratory culture of beneficial dung scarabs},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Entomology},
	volume = {90},
	number = {1},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 24Cited References:      *MINITAB, 1991, MINITAB REF MAN REL     BLUME RR, 1975, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V4, P735     BOERO JJ, 1976, PARASITOSIS ANIMALES     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1976, AUSTR MEAT RES COMMI, V30, P1     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1960, J AUST I AGR SCI, V26, P54     DOUBE BM, 1988, B ENTOMOL RES, V78, P63     DOUBE BM, 1987, S AFR J SCI, V83, P187     DRUMMOND RO, 1988, CONTROL ARTHROPOD PE     EDWARDS PB, 1985, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V24, P103     FINCHER GT, 1986, SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL, V11, P203     FINCHER GT, 1987, SW ENT, V12, P321     GILLARD P, 1967, J AUST I AGR SCI, V33, P30     HALFFTER G, 1981, AN ESC NAC CIENC BIO, V25, P117     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEX, V12, P14     HALFTTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HUGHES RD, 1978, B ENTOMOL RES, V68, P361     MACLUSKY DS, 1960, J BR GRASSL SOC, V15, P181     MCKINNEY GT, 1975, J APPL ECOL, V12, P831     PETERSON RG, 1956, AGRON J, V48, P440     PONT AC, 1973, INSECTS OTHER ARTHRO, P251     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1990, B ENTOMOL RES, V80, P473     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1985, ENTOMOPHAGA, V30, P217     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     WALSH GC, 1996, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V89, P581EnglishArticleWH859J ECON ENTOMOL},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {124-129},
	abstract = {Cattle dung accumulation presents problems of pasture fouling, nutrient loss, intestinal parasitosis, and pest fly development. These problems have been confronted, with variable success, with the introduction of coprophagous scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). This work reports the results of field collections and laboratory culture of immature and adult dung scarabs. We compared several treatments of eggs and larvae in search of good methods for rearing scarabs in aseptic conditions. We collected 13 abundant species from northern and central Argentina. We obtained approximate to 4,500 eggs, some of which we sent to quarantine facilities in the United States, and others which we reared in our laboratory with 5 different techniques. Five common and widespread species, Ontherus sulcator (F.), Gromphas lacordairet Brulle, Dichotomius semiaeneus (Germar), Sulcophanaeus menelas (Castelnau), and Bolbites onitoides Harold, had the highest oviposition rates and were also the easiest to rear. Two methods, freeze-dried and gamma sterilized brood masses and balls, provided the best results (i.e., percentage of beetles completing development). As a rule, the species with short larval development time and wide distributions were easier to rear.},
	keywords = {beetles coleoptera, broodballs, diptera, dung beetle rearing, Dung beetles, muscidae, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WH85900019},
	author = {Walsh, G. C. and Cordo, H. A. and Briano, J. A. and Gandolfo, D. E. and Logarzo, G. A.}
}
@article {2324,
	title = {Abundance and species richness of nocturnal insects on organic and conventional farms: effects of agricultural intensification on bat foraging},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {1283-1292},
	abstract = {Insects are the principal food for many animals, including bats (Chiroptera), and all species of bats in the United Kingdom feed over agricultural habitats. Bat populations are declining throughout Europe, probably in part as a result of agricultural intensification. Organic farming prohibits the use of agrochemicals, a major component of agricultural intensification, making it an ideal control for a study of intensive agricultural systems. To evaluate the impact of agricultural intensification on bat foraging, we quantified the availability of bat prey by comparing nocturnal aerial insects captured within habitats on 24 matched pairs of organic and conventional farms. Insects were identified to family and moths to species. We compared the abundance of 18 insect families commonly eaten by bats in the United Kingdom between farm types and tested for correlations of abundance with bat activity. Insect abundance, species richness, and moth species diversity were significantly higher on organic farms than on conventional farms. Insect abundance was significantly higher in pastural and water habitats on organic farms than in the same habitats on conventional farms. Of the 18 insect families that are important components of the bat diet, 5 were significantly more abundant on organic farms overall. Some were also more abundant within organic pastural, woodland, and water habitats than on conventional farmland habitats. The activity of bats that mainly ate Lepidoptera was significantly correlated with the abundance of this order. Our observations suggest that agricultural intensification has a profound impact on nocturnal insect communities. Because bats are resource limited, a reduction in prey availability through agricultural intensification will adversely affect bat populations. Less-intensive farming benefits British bat populations by providing and maintaining diverse and structurally varied habitats, which in turn support a wide selection of insect prey for bats, including insect families that are significant components of the diet of a number of rare bat species. },
	keywords = {agrochemicals, bat diet, biodiversity, diptera, habitat fragmentation, insectivores, light trap},
	author = {Wickramasinghe, Liat P. and Harris, Stephen and Jones, Gareth and Vaughan Jennings, Nancy}
}
