@article {1315,
	title = {Dung beetles in a Central Amazonian rainforest and their ecological role as secondary seed dispersers},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2002},
	note = {have copy and digital copy},
	pages = {257-270},
	keywords = {Amazonia, dung beetle, ecosystem services, function, plant-animal interaction, seed dispersal, seed fate, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1481,
	title = {Nesting of afrotropical Oniticellus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) and its evolutionary trend from soil to dung},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {11-21},
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, Dung, evolution, nesting, oniticellus, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1536,
	title = {A functional classification for analysis of the structure of dung beetle assemblages},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1990},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {371-383},
	keywords = {ball rolling, competition, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Doube, Bernard M.}
}
@article {1540,
	title = {Dung burial strategies in some South African coprine and onitine dung beetles (Sacrabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1988},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {251-261},
	keywords = {competition, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, resource partitioning, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Doube, B. M. and Giller, P. S. and F. Moola}
}
@article {1765,
	title = {Larval population density affects female weight and fecundity in the dung beetle Aphodius ater},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {316-322},
	keywords = {competition, fitness, lifetime fecundity, oviposition, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Hirschberger, Petra}
}
@article {1767,
	title = {Oviposition of the dung beetle Aphodius ater in relation to the abundance of yellow dungfly larvae (Scataphaga sterocoraria)},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1996},
	note = {requested disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	pages = {352-357},
	keywords = {competition, Dung beetles, flies dung beetle},
	author = {Hirschberger, P and Degro, H}
}
@article {1787,
	title = {Asymmetrical competition between Neotropical dung beetles and its consequences for assemblage structure},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {182-193},
	author = {Horgan, F. G. and Fuentes, R. C.}
}
@article {1814,
	title = {Dung pad residence time covaries with male morphology in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {174-180},
	abstract = {1. The immigration and emigration behaviours of Onthophagus taurus were investigated in a combination of field and laboratory experiments to examine patterns of dispersal in this species. 2. On average, the mean proportion of major males immigrating to baited pitfall traps decreased significantly with time. In contrast, the mean proportion of minor males and females did not change with time. 3. The time taken to emigrate from a dung pad differed significantly among major males, minor males, and females. This difference arose because major males spent a significantly shorter period of time residing within the dung pad. On average, more than 50\% of major males had emigrated from the dung pads after 30 h, some 4 h earlier than minor males and females. 4. When the effects of body size were controlled, major males with longer horns were shown to have longer wings. Because major males spend more time in flight, longer wings may be an adaptation to more frequent dispersal. Alternatively, longer wings in major males may compensate for the production of aerodynamically costly horns.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-pad-residence-time, emigration-, immigration-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, male-, morphology-, Onthophagus-taurus [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-): female-},
	author = {Hunt, John and Kotiaho, Janne S. and Tomkins, Joseph L.}
}
@article {1825,
	title = {Intra- and interspecific aggregation of north temperate dung beetles on standardised and natural dung pads: the influence of spatial scale},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {594-605},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Hutton, S. A. and Giller, P. S.}
}
@article {1637,
	title = {A review of competition in north temperate dung beetle communities},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2003},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {1-13},
	keywords = {aggregation, Aphodiinae, aphodius, community structure, competition, dung beetle, functional group, niche dynamics, resource limitation},
	author = {Finn, John A. and Gittings, Tom}
}
@article {1638,
	title = {Spatial and temporal variation in species composition of dung beetle assemblages in southern Ireland},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Feb., 1999ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {24-36},
	abstract = {1. This study attempts to identify the main community characteristics that contribute to variability in dung beetle assemblage composition and structure across a range of spatial and temporal scales. 2. Dung beetle assemblages (Aphodius, Sphaeridium, and Geotrupes species) were monitored by dung-baited pitfall trapping at 10-day intervals during the seasonally active period at eleven sites in southern Ireland. Three of the sites were monitored over at least 2 years between 1991 and 1996. 3. Although the species composition of the above taxonomic groups was comparable among sites and years, relative abundances of component species varied considerably. Detrended correspondence analysis ordinations indicated a similar level of variability in dung beetle assemblage structure among years, and among sites apprxeq 1-180 km apart. 4. Processes that may contribute to spatio-temporal variability in dung beetle assemblages are discussed, and strategies for future research are suggested.},
	keywords = {Anim, Animalia-, Aphodius-spp. [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-), Arthropoda-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Environmental-Sciences), Geotrupes-spp. [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-), Invertebrata-, Sphaeridium-spp. [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-), Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Finn, John A. and Gittings, Tom and Giller, Paul S.}
}
@article {1776,
	title = {Are ball-rolling (Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, Sisyphini) and tunnelling scarabaeine dung beetles equally choosy about the size of ingested dung particles?},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {700-705},
	abstract = {1. The maximum size of ingested particles was determined in 11 species of ball-rolling, adult dung beetle (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) by mixing small latex or glass balls of known diameter into their food. The tribes Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, and Sisyphini (four, four, and three species respec- tively) were represented, with mean body sizes ranging from 0.33 to 4.0 g fresh weight. 2. Only particles with maximum diameters of 4{\textendash}85 mm were ingested. Hence rollers, like other known beetles feeding on fresh dung, filter out larger, indiges- tible plant fragments and confine ingestion to small particles of higher nutritional value. 3. The maximum diameter of ingested particles increased significantly with body weight, whereas taxon (tribe) had no additional effect. Because big rollers accept larger particles than do tunnellers (which make dung stores for feeding and breeding in the soil immediately below the pat) of similar weight, the slope of the diameter-against-weight regression for rollers was significantly higher than that found earlier for tunnellers. 4. An explanation could be that a typical food ball made by a roller is con- siderably smaller than the amount of dung available to a feeding tunneller of the same size. If the roller were as choosy about particle size as the tunneller, it might not get enough food. This applies to large rollers in particular because their food balls contain a higher proportion of coarse fibres than those made by small species. },
	keywords = {Ball-rollers, Dung beetles, food exploitation, particle feeding, rollers, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, telecoprids},
	author = {Holter, P. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1777,
	title = {What do dung beetles eat?},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {690-697},
	abstract = {    1.   Most adult coprophagous beetles feed on fresh dung of mammalian herbivores, confining ingestion to small particles with measured maximum diameters from 2 {\textendash} 5 to 130  },
	keywords = {Assimilable carbon, C/N ratio, coprophagous, food exploitation, nitrogen, selective feeding},
	author = {Holter, Peter and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1778,
	title = {Dung feeding in adult scarabaeines (tunnellers and endocoprids): even large dung beetles eat small particles.},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {169-176},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, ecosystem services, feeding, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Holter, Peter and Scholtz, Clarke H. and Wardhaugh, Keith G.}
}
@article {2028,
	title = {Allometric plasticity in a polyphenic beetle},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 69Cited References:      BAHRENS D, 1960, MORPHOLOGISCHES JB, V101, P279     BALTHASAR V, 1963, MONOGRAPHIE SCARABAC, V2     BOCQUET C, 1953, ARCH ZOOLOGIE EXPT G, V90, P187     BROWN L, 1986, AM NAT, V127, P565     BROWN L, 1983, ANN ENTOMOLOGICAL SO, V76, P253     CLARK JT, 1977, SYST ENTOMOL, V2, P9     COCK AG, 1966, Q REV BIOL, V41, P131     DEWILDE H, 1982, ADV INSECT PHYSL, V19, P167     EBERHARD WG, 1982, AM NAT, V119, P420     EMLEN DJ, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P661     EMLEN DJ, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P335     EMLEN DJ, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1219     EMLEN DJ, 2001, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V47, P1045     EMLEN DJ, 1999, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V45, P45     EMLEN DJ, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P567     EMLEN DJ, 1994, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V256, P131     FEENER DH, 1988, FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, V2, P509     FINCHER GT, 1975, COLEOPT B, V29, P349     GOIDANICH A, 1964, ANN FAC SC AGR U TOR, V2, P213     GOIDANICH A, 1962, ATTI ACCAD SCI TORIN, V96, P575     GOLDSMITH SK, 1985, J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC, V58, P534     GOULD SJ, 1966, BIOL REV CAMBRIDGE P, V41, P587     GOULD SJ, 1974, EVOLUTION, V28, P191     GREEN AJ, 1992, ANIM BEHAV, V43, P170     GROSS MR, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P92     HALFFTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     ITO F, 1994, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V87, P337     KAWANO K, 1997, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V90, P453     KAWANO K, 1995, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V88, P92     KAWANO K, 1995, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V88, P641     KERMACK KA, 1954, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V237, P375     KLINGENBERG CP, 1996, ADV MORPHOMETRICS, P23     KLINGENBERG CP, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P601     KNELL RJ, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P323     KURTEN B, 1964, ACTA ZOOL FENN, V108, P1     KURTEN B, 1954, ACTA ZOOL FENN, V85, P1     LOZAN JL, 1992, ANGEW STAT NATURWISS     MILTON K, 1982, FORAGING STRATEGY HO     MILTON K, 1991, J ECOL, V79, P1     MILTON K, 1980, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V53, P402     MITRA KC, 1958, J PALEONTOL, V32, P992     MOCZEK AP, 2000, ANIM BEHAV 2, V59, P459     MOCZEK AP, 1999, BEHAV ECOL, V10, P641     MOCZEK AP, 1998, BEHAV ECOL, V9, P636     MOCZEK AP, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P27     MOCZEK AP, 1996, THESIS J MAXIMILIANS     NAGY KA, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P475     PALESTRINI C, 2000, CAN J ZOOL, V78, P1199     PASSERA L, 1985, CASTE DIFFERENTIATIO, P331     PASSERA L, 1974, INSECT SOC, V21, P71     PETRIE M, 1992, ANIM BEHAV, V43, P173     PETRIE M, 1988, ANIM BEHAV, V36, P1174     ROFF DA, 1996, Q REV BIOL, V71, P3     SACHS L, 1992, ANGEW STAT     SCHLICHTING CD, 1998, REACTION NORM PERSPE     SCHMALHAUSEN II, 1949, FACTORS EVOLUTION     SHAFIEI M, 2001, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V26, P173     SHAPIRO A, 1976, EVOL BIOL, V9, P259     SIMMONS LW, 1996, EVOL ECOL, V10, P97     SIMMONS LW, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P145     SOKAL RR, 1995, BIOMETRY     THOMPSON DW, 1942, ON GROWTH FORM     TOMKINS JL, 1999, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V47, P1     TYNDALEBISCOE M, 1990, COMMON DUNG BEETLES     WENZEL JW, 1992, INSECT SOC, V39, P31     WHEELER DE, 1991, AM NAT, V138, P1218     WHEELER DE, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P13     WHEELER DE, 1984, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V30, P127     WHEELER DE, 1983, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V29, P847EnglishArticle530MJECOL ENTOMOL},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {58-67},
	abstract = {1. Environmental conditions. such as variation in nutrition. commonly contribute to morphological variation among individuals by affecting body size and the expression of certain morphological traits however the scaling relationship between a morphological trait and body size over a range of body sizes is generally assumed not to change in response to environmental fluctuation (allometric plasticity), but instead to be constant and diagnostic for a particular trait and species or Population. The work reported here examined diet- induced allometric plasticity in the polyphenic beetle Onthophagus taurus Schreber (1759) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). 2. Male O. taurus vary in body size depending on larval nutrition, Only males above a critical body size threshold express fully developed horns: males smaller than this threshold develop only rudirrientary horns or no horns at all. 3. Field populations that naturally utilise two different resources for feeding larvae (horse dung vs. cow manure) exhibited significant differences in the average scaling relationship between body size and male horn length over the same range of body sizes. Males collected from cow manure populations expressed consistently longer horns for a given body size than males collected from horse dung Populations. 4. Males reared in the laboratory on horse dung or cow manure also exhibited significant differences in the average scaling relationship between body size and horn length. Differences between laboratory populations reared on horse dung or cow manure were of the same kind and magnitude as differences between field populations that utilise these different resources naturally. 5. These findings suggest that between- population differences in scaling relationships between horn length and body size can be the product of differences in the quality of resources available to developing larvae. Results are discussed in the context of onthophagine mating systems and recent insights in the developmental and endocrine control of horn polyphenisms.},
	keywords = {adaptive phenotypic plasticity, allometric plasticity, alternative reproductive, alternative tactics, developmental threshold, horn polyphenism, male, Onthophagus, onthophagus-acuminatus coleoptera, status-dependent selection, tactics, threshold evolution},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000174361200008},
	author = {Moczek, A. P.}
}
@article {2275,
	title = {Roles of endothermy in niche differentiation for ball-rolling dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) along an altitudinal gradient},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {544-551},
	abstract = {    1.   An analysis of whether niche differentiation in ball-rolling dung beetles can be explained by the way in which they regulate their body temperature was conducted.  2.    A priori  assumptions were: (i) if thermoregulation affects niche partitioning, sympatric species must have different endothermic strategies that minimise encounters; or, alternatively (ii) if two co-occurring species show the same thermoregulation pattern and their flight periods overlap, they might be avoiding competition by exhibiting different resource preferences or different food relocation behaviour.  3.   The ball-rolling dung beetles studied showed a hierarchical structure based on the species{\textquoteright} endothermic capacity, measured as temperature excess [ T  ex  = difference between body temperature ( T  b ) and ambient temperature ( T  a )]. Those with a high  T  ex  (10 {\textendash} 15 {\textdegree}C) were located exclusively at altitudes >1000 m a.s.l. On the coastal plains, species with a high  T  ex  were restricted to flying at night when the  T  a  was lower. Species with a lower  T  ex  (less than 10 {\textdegree}C higher than  T  a ) were found in the coastal plains zone.  4.   Where there was sympatry with similar trophic habits, the species involved showed very different thermal niches, and where there was significant overlap of thermal niches between sympatric species, trophic habits of species were very different.  5.   The results suggest that it is possible to use the concept of the thermal niche as a tool to explain interspecific interactions and the spatial distribution of species.  },
	keywords = {Ecophysiology, niche overlap, Null models, Scarabaeoidea  ., thermal niche, thermoregulation},
	author = {Verdu, Jose R. and Arellano, Lucrecia and Numa, Catherine and Mico, Estefania}
}
@article {2281,
	title = {Habitat and weather affect reproduction and size of the dung beetle Aphodius fossor},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have copy},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {430-435},
	abstract = {1. The influence of sun exposure and moisture on reproduction and size of a north temperate dung beetle Aphodius fossor was investigated. Adult beetles were added to cow pats that were either shaded or exposed and treated with different watering regimes. 2. After 26 days, more eggs and larvae were recovered from shaded and wetter pats than from exposed and drier pats. 3. At the end of the experiment, more beetles had developed in shaded and wetter pats, and these beetles were larger than those from exposed and drier pats. 4. There was no between-treatment difference in the ratio between adults in final sampling and larvae in first sampling. 5. It was concluded that exposure and moisture can influence both reproduction and size of A. fossor. It is suggested that weather may be a factor regulating reproduction in Aphodius not only through heat- or drought-induced mortality, as suggested earlier, but also by limiting the time available for egg laying. Further studies are needed to clarify this suggestion.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000171023100012},
	author = {Vessby, K.}
}
