@article {1328,
	title = {Escarabajos asociados a madrigueras de roedores (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Folia Entomologica Mexicana},
	volume = {81},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {185-197},
	keywords = {dens, nidificating beetles, nidificating behavior, rodents, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Sofia Anduaga and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1329,
	title = {Micofagia en Scarabaeidae},
	journal = {Simposio Nacional sobre la interaccion},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {151-169},
	keywords = {Mycetophagy, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Sofia Anduaga and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1347,
	title = {Gli stadi preimmaginali di Malagoniella (Megathopomima) puncticollis puncticollis (Blanchard, 1843) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonina)},
	journal = {Elytron},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {215-225},
	keywords = {Argentina, Canthonina, COLEOPTERA, immature stages, morphology, Scarabaeidae, taxonomy},
	isbn = {0214-1353},
	author = {Barbero, Enrico and Palestrini, Claudia}
}
@inbook {1417,
	title = {Chapter 9. Dung beetles in tropical savannas},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {156-178},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	keywords = {carnivore dung, dung beetle, food mammals, mammal dung, savanna, sisyphus},
	author = {Cambefort, Y.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1418,
	title = {Chapter 4. Biogeography and evolution},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {51-67},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Cambefort, Y.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1419,
	title = {Chapter 2. From Saprophagy to Coprophagy},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {22-35},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Cambefort, Y.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1422,
	title = {Chapter 3. Dung beetle population biology},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {36-50},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Cambefort, Y. and Hanski, I.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1424,
	title = {Dung beetles in tropical forests in Africa},
	booktitle = {Dung Beetle Ecology},
	year = {1991},
	note = {have copy},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton, NJ},
	keywords = {data, dung beetle, mammal, mammals},
	author = {Cambefort, Yves and Walter, Philippe},
	editor = {Hanksi, I and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1425,
	title = {Chapter 11. Dung beetles in tropical forests in Africa},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {198-210},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Cambefort, Y. and Walter, P},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1537,
	title = {Dung beetles of southern Africa},
	booktitle = {Dung Beetle Ecology},
	year = {1991},
	note = {have book},
	pages = {133-155},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecosystem service, parasite control mammals},
	author = {Doube, B. M.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1538,
	title = {Chapter 8. Dung beetles of Southern Africa},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {133-155},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Doube, B. M.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@article {1544,
	title = {Habitat Associations and Niche Partitioning in an Island Dung Beetle Community},
	journal = {Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	note = {GL010ACTA OECOL},
	pages = {451-459},
	abstract = {The composition and habitat associatons of the dung beetle community on Flinders Island (in Bass Strait between Tasmania and the Australian mainland) were assessed to provide baseline data prior to the deliberate introduction of exotic dung beetles for control of dung and dung-breeding flies. The distribution of beetles in relation to vegetative cover and dung type was examined in an experiment, in which pitfall traps were baited with a range of dung types in a variety of contrasting habitats, and by qualitative survey. The beetle community consisted of nine indigenous species (six Onthophagus and one Aphodius species (Scarabaeidae), two Saprinus species (Histeridae)) and two introduced species (Cercyon (Hydrophilidae) and Aphodius). Seven species were diurnal and four were noctural/crepuscular. Five species were strongly associated with woodland and the remainder occurred primarily in open pasture. All species were substantially more abundant in traps baited with human dung than in those baited with herbivore dung. Some species were caught at human dung almost exclusively. There were no obvious effects of herbivore dung type (cow, horse, marsupial, sheep) on the numbers caught in traps. Beetles were more numerous in cattle paddocks than in sheep paddocks. Four indigenous species which are common in cattle dung in open pasture (Onthophagus australis Guerin, Onthophagus granulatus Boheman, Onthophagus posticus Erichson and Aphodius tasmaniae Hope) have niche characteristics that make them potential competitors with exotic species to be introduced from the mainland.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991GL01000001},
	author = {Doube, B. M. and Wardhaugh, K. G.}
}
@article {1553,
	title = {Seasonal-Variation in the Dung of African Grazing Mammals, and Its Consequences for Coprophagous Insects},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	number = {5},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Times Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 0EnglishArticleGL110FUNCT ECOL},
	pages = {617-628},
	abstract = {The dung of African grazing mammals varies in nutrient and moisture content according to the condition of the pasture on which the animals feed. This study investigated the effect of variation in quality of herbivore dung on the survival and reproduction of coprophagous insects. Seasonal variation was recorded in physical and chemical characteristics of zebra, wildebeest and impala dung. Dung was collected from free- ranging animals grazing in natural habitat in Mkuzi Game Reserve, a hot summer-rainfall region of South Africa. Interspecific differences in dung were related to the feeding ecology, digestive physiology and size of each species. Seasonal changes in water and nitrogen content of dung were related to patterns of rainfall and hence pasture growth. Dung moisture was significantly correlated with the amount of rain that fell in the preceding 2 weeks for wildebeest, in the preceding 4 weeks for impala and in the period 2-6 weeks before collection for zebra dung. Seasonal variability in wildebeest dung affected the reproductive rate of the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche). Egg production at 25- degrees-C ranged from 0.1 per female per week in winter dung to 12.1 in summer dung, and was significantly correlated with dung moisture. Euoniticellus intermedius and the African buffalo fly Haematobia thirouxi potans (Bezzi) could not breed in fresh wildebeest dung of 62\% water content. However when the water content was raised to 68\% and above, breeding by Euoniticellus intermedius increased; and at moisture contents of 73\% and above, buffalo fly size increased and survival improved. Higher water content was correlated with an increase in availability of dung fluid, the component of dung used by these insects.},
	keywords = {African herbivores, coprophagous, Dung, Dung beetles, food-, impala, quality, wildebeest, zebra},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991GL11000006},
	author = {Edwards, P. B.}
}
@article {1710,
	title = {Historical and ecological factors determining the geographic distribution of beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Folia Entomologica Mexicana},
	volume = {82},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {195-238},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Halffter, G}
}
@article {1726,
	title = {The insect fauna of badger dung},
	journal = {Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly Magazine},
	volume = {127},
	year = {1991},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {251},
	keywords = {carnivore, dung beetle, food resources, mammal, mammals, omnivore dung},
	author = {Hancox, M}
}
@inbook {1727,
	title = {Chp. 10. Dung beetles in tropical forests in South-East Asia},
	booktitle = {Dung Beetle Ecology},
	year = {1991},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	keywords = {mammals},
	author = {Hanksi, I and Krikken, Jan},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1733,
	title = {Dung insect community},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {5-21},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton, Jersey},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Hanski, I.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@booklet {1734,
	title = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	note = {have a copy of book},
	pages = {xiii + 481},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
	keywords = {dung beetle, mammal mammals, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Ilkka Hanski and Cambefort, Yves}
}
@inbook {1735,
	title = {Chapter 18. Resource partitioning},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	note = {have book},
	pages = {330-349},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	keywords = {dung beetle, mammal mammals},
	author = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1736,
	title = {Chapter 16. Spatial processes},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {283-304},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1737,
	title = {Chapter 17. Competition in dung beetles},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {305-329},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1738,
	title = {Chapter 19. Species richness},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {350-365},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@inbook {1739,
	title = {Species richness},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {350-365},
	publisher = {Princeton},
	organization = {Princeton},
	address = {Princeton, Jersey},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@article {1752,
	title = {Field notes for Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae, Hybosorinae and Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera) collected in different areas of Trinidad},
	journal = {Y.E.S. Quarterly},
	volume = {8},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	month = {July/Sep},
	pages = {26-28},
	author = {Havranek, Daniela}
}
@article {1801,
	title = {Nocturnal Perching of Scarabaeine Dung Beetles Coleoptera Scarabaeidae in an Australian Tropical Rain Forest},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {51-57},
	abstract = {Wongabel, a northeastern Queensland tropical, wet, evergreen forest, contains 22 species of Scarabaeinae dung beetles. Five of these species were observed to perch commonly on leaves at night. Length of the beetle and the height of its perch were recorded for each of 561 specimens. Unlike the New World tropical dung beetle perchers, no clear evidence was found that small species perched closer to the ground than larger species. The evidence gathered, at least for the four most common perchers, supports the hypothesis that perching is one type of foraging strategy. The similarities and differences between the Australian and New World perchers are discussed.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, plant leaf body length perch height foraging strategy new world, Plantae-, Plants-},
	author = {Howden, H. F. and Howden, A. T. and Storey, R. I.}
}
@inbook {1959,
	title = {Chapter 14. Montane dung beetles},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {242-254},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Lumaret, J. P. and Stiernet, N.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@article {1591,
	title = {Howler Monkeys Alouatta-Palliata Dung Beetles Scarabaeidae and Seed Dispersal Ecological Interactions in the Tropical Rain Forest of Los Tuxtlas Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {459-474},
	abstract = {The dispersal of seeds by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and the activity of dung beetles in modulating the fate of the dispersed seed were studied at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Howlers consumed the fruits of 35 species of plants. The seeds of 28 of these were dispersed by the monkeys. The majority (.gtoreq. 90\%) of the seeds dispersed by monkeys were destroyed by rodents. Rapid relocation and burial of dung by dung beetles resulted in accidental relocation and burial of large number of seeds shortly after deposition. Faecal clumps (20 mg) remained on the ground for an average of only 2.5 h (range 1-3 h). Ball rolling beetles transported balls up to 5.0 m from the site of deposition (range 1-5 m). Burrowing and ball-rolling dung beetles buried seeds at depths ranging from 2.5 to > 12.0 cm. The deeper a seed is buried, the less likely it is to be found and eaten by rodents. Eighty percent of the species used by Alouatta as sources of fruit at Los Tuxtlas benefited by the dispersal and post dispersal service provided by howlers and dung beetles respectively. Seasonality in dung beetles abundance in the forest may influence the number of seeds per species escaping post-dispersal predation during the year. Dung beetles play not only an important ecological role in the recycling of matter and energy in the ecosystem, but also in the process of rain forest regeneration.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Cebidae-: Primates-, Chordata-, Chordates-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Mammalia-, Mammals-, Nonhuman-Mammals, Nonhuman-Primates, Nonhuman-Vertebrat, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {1669,
	title = {Comparison of Spatial Distribution Patterns of Dung-Feeding Scarabs Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Geotrupidae in Wooded and Open Pastureland in the Mediterranean Dehesa Area of the Iberian Peninsula},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {90-97},
	abstract = {The seasonal and spatial distributions of dung-feeding scarabs in an open pastureland and in wooded (holm oak) pastureland in a typical Mediterranean area of the western part of the Iberian Peninsula (Salamanca) were compared. Six pitfall traps baited with bovine dung were placed in each habitat according to a model by J. P. Lumaret. Only beetles in the families Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae were studied because they are the most for 1 yr produced 6,909 specimens. Of the 18 species found, the largest beetles and biomass were concentrated mainly in the wooded habitat, especially in the summer. This constitutes a problem for dung removal because large amounts of dung remain in open pasturelands, possibly resulting in the impoverishment of such areas.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung elimination seasonal distribution trapping, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-},
	author = {Galante, E. and Garcia, Roman M. and Barrera, I. and Galindo, P.}
}
@inbook {1679,
	title = {Chapter 12. Dung beetles in tropical American forests},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {211-229},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	author = {Gill, B. D.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@article {2148,
	title = {New locality records for Onthophagus gazella Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Jalisco, Mexico},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {45},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {370},
	author = {Rivera-Cervantes, Luis Eugenio and Garcia-Real, Edith}
}
@article {2165,
	title = {Effect of Introduced scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) on coprphilic insects in Central Queensland},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	note = {julio has hard copy},
	pages = {909-914},
	keywords = {Australia, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem services, flies, pastures},
	author = {Roth, J. P. and Macqueen, A. and Bay, D. E}
}
@article {2250,
	title = {Effects of adding exotic dung beetles to native fauna on bush fly breeding in the field},
	journal = {Entomophaga},
	volume = {36},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {395-401},
	abstract = {Egg to pupal survival of bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker, under field conditions was examined during 1987/88 in an area of south-eastern Australia that had not been colonised by exotic dung beetles. In pads of cattle dung containing only the native fauna, fly survival ranged from 0.3 \% to 12.5 \%. The addition of 2 species of exotic dung beetles, Euoniticellus fulvus (Goeze) and Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) to field pads, in numbers similar to those observed at the collection site, reduced fly survival to between 0.3 \% and 4.4 \%. Fly survival in the presence of the native and exotic dung fauna was sufficiently low to keep fly },
	keywords = {control, Dung, exotic Scarabaeinae, Musca vetustissima, native},
	author = {Tyndale-Biscoe, M and Vogt, W. G.}
}
@article {2309,
	title = {Contribution a la connaissance des scarabeides coprophages du Gabon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). VIII. Le peuplement forestier de la region de Bifoun: donnees bio-ecologiques},
	journal = {Elytron},
	volume = {5},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {115-123},
	keywords = {bioecology, COLEOPTERA, coprophagous, gabon, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Walter, Philippe}
}
@article {2335,
	title = {Survival rates for two dung beetles species, Onthophagus lenzii Harold and Liatongus phanaeoides Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in the field},
	journal = {Applied Entomology and Zoology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {449-456},
	keywords = {dung beetle, survival rate},
	author = {Yasuda, Hironori}
}
@article {2337,
	title = {Nitrogen mineralization and microbial populations in cow dung, dung balls and underlying soil affected by paracoprid dung beetles},
	journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry},
	volume = {23},
	number = {7},
	year = {1991},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {649-653},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service},
	author = {Yokoyama, K. and Kai, H. and Koga, T. and Aibe, T.}
}
@article {2339,
	title = {Effect of dung beetle, Onthophagus lenzii H. on nitrogen transformation in cow dung and dug balls},
	journal = {Soil Science \& Plant Nutrition},
	volume = {37},
	number = {2},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {341-345},
	keywords = {cow dung, dung balls, dung beetle, N transformation},
	author = {Yokoyama, Kazuhira and Kai, Hideaki and Koga, Takuro and Kawaguchi, Sadao}
}
@article {2340,
	title = {Paracoprid dung beetles and gaseous loss of nitrogen from cow dung},
	journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry},
	volume = {23},
	number = {7},
	year = {1991},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {643-647},
	keywords = {Biological breakdown, COLEOPTERA, Cow dung nitrogen liberation role, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, Insecta, Onthophagus lenzii ( Scarabaeidae ) : Element cycles, Polyphaga, Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Yokoyama, K. and Kai, H. and Tsuchiyama, H.}
}
@article {2342,
	title = {Decomposition of organic matter in cow dung colonized by Onthophagus lenzii Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Edaphologia},
	year = {1991},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {47},
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, decomposition, Dung decomposition relationship, Dung habitat, effect of colonization, Habitat colonization, Insecta, Onthophagus lenzii ( Scarabaeidae ) : Biological breakdown, Polyphaga, role of colonization, Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Yokoyama, K. and Miyauchi, N.}
}
