@article {1309,
	title = {Comparaci{\'o}n de la composici{\'o}n y riqueza de especies de escarabajos copr{\'o}fagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en remanentes de bosque de la Orinoquia Colombiana},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1999},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {113-126},
	keywords = {Colombia, community, deforestation, dung beetle (biological conservation 2007), fragmentation, richness, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Amezquita, Sandra J. and Forsyth, Adrian and Lopera, Alejandro and Camacho, Andr{\'e}s}
}
@article {1351,
	title = {Dung beetle conservation: effects of habitat and resource selection (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation},
	volume = {3},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {have a copydigital copy},
	pages = {75-84},
	abstract = {There is increasing concern about the conservation of dung beetles which are threatened by several peculiar dangers worldwide, both at the population and community level. A noticeable threat in Europe is the dramatic reduction in the number of cattle and sheep grazing in the open, which is associated with both intensive agriculture and the progressive reforestation of previously pastured areas. We studied dung beetle habitat and resource preferences at La Mandria Park (north-west Italy) which is a mosaic of open and wooded patches where domestic (cows and horses) and wild ungulates (deer and wild boar) co-exist. Scarabaeidae were numerically dominant, accounting for 61.5\% of the approximately 3000 individuals sampled (Aphodiidae accounted for 32.5\% and Geotrupidae for only 6\%). However, when species richness was considered, Aphodiidae were dominant, with 17 of the 27 species found (Scarabaeidae with eight and Geotrupidae with two). Assuming a null hypothesis of equal probability of colonizing any habitat or faeces, we found that most species were significantly associated with one of the four dung types or with one of the two habitats considered. On average, Scarabaeidae preferred cattle dung and open habitats whereas most Aphodiidae used deer lumps and wooded habitats. In spite of the precise ecological choices observed at La Mandria, surveys from other European areas suggest that both habitat and food selection are quite flexible. From a conservation viewpoint, the ability of coprophagous beetles to choose herbivore faeces according to their availability and to select habitats that satisfy their own microclimate requirements may certainly be useful in preserving biodiversity. Agroecology, which implies some woodland and hedgerow management practices associated with pastoralism, could be the right approach to the management of the agricultural landscape. Conversely, in reforested areas, while wild ungulate populations should be preserved, some form of human disturbance, particularly clearings used for pastoralism, should also be maintained. },
	keywords = {conservation, deforestation, domestic and wild ungulates, dung beetle, habitat and food selection, regeneration mammals, Scarabaeoidae},
	author = {Barbero, Enrico and Palestrini, Claudia and Rolando, Antonio}
}
@article {1500,
	title = {Effect of deforestation on a southwest Ghana dung beetle assemblage (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) at the periphery of Ankasa conservation area},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {34},
	number = {5},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1081-1088},
	abstract = {During June 2003, an exploratory dung beetle survey (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) was conducted in southwest Ghana at the southern edge of Ankasa Conservation Area, which is a 500-km(2) conserved region of the threatened Eastern Upper Guinean rainforest. The survey provided a quantitative assessment of peripheral deforestation effects and an inventory for species on omnivore dung. Pitfall traps baited with pig dung were placed in both selectively logged and unlogged rainforest as well as in nearby oil palm and cacao plantations. The Ankasa forest inventory was mostly comprised of species previously trapped by human dung in the Western Upper Guinean rainforest of TO National Park, Cote d{\textquoteright}Ivoire. However, there was relatively low species abundance similarity between the June/July assemblages on omnivore dung in Tai and Ankasa rainforests, and even lower similarity between assemblages of Ankasa and the adjacent plantations. Of 29 species recorded in Ankasa forest, most were absent or rare in plantations where assemblages were numerically dominated by species previously recorded from the West African savannas. This replacement plantation fauna showed significantly lower species richness and diversity, but significantly higher abundance, compared with Ankasa forest assemblages. The results reiterate that forest reserves are essential for the conservation of specialist rainforest dung beetle species.},
	keywords = {deforestation, Dung, dung beetle, Ghana, modification, plantation, rainforest, scarabaeinae (biological conservation 2007)},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000232405800014 },
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Philips, T. K.}
}
@inbook {1711,
	title = {Variaci{\'o}n de la diversidad en especies de Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) como respuesta a la antropizaci{\'o}n de un paisaje tropical},
	booktitle = {T{\'o}picos sobre Coleoptera de M{\'e}xico},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {35-53},
	publisher = {Universidad de Guadalajara{\textemdash}Universidad Aut{\'o}noma del Estado de Morelos},
	organization = {Universidad de Guadalajara{\textemdash}Universidad Aut{\'o}noma del Estado de Morelos},
	address = {Guadelajara, M{\'e}xico},
	keywords = {community, conservation (biological conservation 2007), deforestation, diversity, microclimate, modification, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Arellano, Lucrecia},
	editor = {Navarrete-Heredia, J. L. and Fierros Lop{\'e}z, H. E. and Burgos-Solorio, A.}
}
@article {1781,
	title = {Effects of deforestation on diversity, biomass and function of dung beetles on the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes},
	journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {117-133},
	keywords = {agricultural, deforestation, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, function, modification, moist tropical forest, Peru, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Horgan, F. G.}
}
@article {1783,
	title = {Aggregation and coexistence of dung beetles in montane rain forest in deforested siters in central Peru},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {359-370},
	abstract = {The {\textquoteleft}aggregation model of coexistence{\textquoteright} predicts that a strong and independent aggregation of species across ephemeral resource patches promotes species coexistence and maintains diversity. This study examines the role of aggregation in maintaining tropical dung beetle diversity and the effects of deforestation on aggregation patterns and diversity loss. Using clusters of pitfall traps, dung beetle aggregation was quantified in natural and disturbed habitat at nested temporal and spatial scales in central Peru. The results indicate that dung was colonized by a greater number of species, many of which were large, leading to a higher total beetle biomass in forest habitat than in deforested, farm habitat. Beetles were intraspecifically aggregated at each spatial scale examined. Habitat-type (forest/deforested) had no effect on the intensity of intra- or interspecific aggregation. Analyses of aggregation patterns revealed that dung beetle assemblages in forest habitat were generally saturated whereas in deforested habitat they were unsaturated. In general, interspecific aggregation was too weak relative to intraspecific aggregation to explain the high diversity of species in forest habitat. Other mechanisms, including resource partitioning are likely to play a greater role in maintaining the diversity of dung beetle assemblages in the region. These results also indicate that the loss of species from disturbed habitat has not been due to a breakdown in the aggregation mechanism. },
	keywords = {Aggregation model, biodiversity, biomass, coexistence, community structure, deforestation, habitat change, Peru, Scarabaeidae, species richness},
	author = {Horgan, Finbarr G}
}
@article {1785,
	title = {Dung beetle assemblages in forests and pastures of El Salvador: a functional comparison},
	journal = {Biodiversity Conservation},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {2961-2978},
	abstract = {This study examines the functional attributes of Neotropical dung beetles, and, based on the analysis, evaluates the role of dung beetles in pastures and tropical dry forest in El Salvador. Dung beetle diversity was lower in pastures than in forests. However, the total biomass of beetles at similarly-sized dung baits was frequently higher in pastures. Diversity loss followed structured patterns: (1) carrion and fruit feeding beetles were well represented (species number) in the forests but were largely absent from pastures; (2) large ball rollers and small fast tunnellers were present in forests but were absent from pastures; (3) large fast tunnellers and small slow tunnellers were poorly represented in pastures com- pared to forests but the few species that survived in pastures attained extremely high popu- lations; and (4) each functional group in the species-poor pasture assemblages was divided almost equally into day and night active species. Substrate and habitat generalists that were present in both the forests and pastures were attracted to fruit and carrion in forested habitat but not in open pastures. In open habitats, Xies and other insects may be the principal decomposers of decaying fruit and carrion. },
	keywords = {carrion, decomposition, deforestation, Diversity-function, functional groups, guilds, Scarabaeidae, tropical pastures},
	author = {Horgan, Finbarr G}
}
@article {1675,
	title = {Understanding the biodiversity consequences of habitat change: the value of secondary and plantation forests for neotropical dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {45},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {883-893},
	abstract = {1. Secondary and plantation forests are becoming increasingly widespread in the tropics. A recent meta-analysis on the impacts of land-use change on tropical forest dung beetles concluded that regenerating forests can be effective in helping to offset species loss following deforestation. How- ever, our understanding of the extent to which these results can be generalized to new locations remains very poor. 2. We attempted to overcome many of the design limitations that characterize previous studies by collecting spatially independent dung beetle samples from primary, secondary and Eucalyptus plantation forests in north-east Brazilian Amazonia across a large quasi-experimental landscape that minimized confounding edge and fragmentation effects. 3. We recorded 9203 dung beetles, comprising 85 species. Species richness was significantly higher in primary forest and the majority of species were more abundant there than elsewhere, whereas secondary and plantation sites harboured an impoverished subset of primary forest species. 4. Our data illustrate the low value of tropical secondary and plantation forests for dung beetles in our study area, and our conclusions are more pessimistic than those of earlier studies. 5. Because of differences in the order of species rank-abundance and rank-biomass patterns, re-coding community data from abundance to biomass significantly altered the analytical weight of individual species in determining community patterns. Larger bodied beetles were more prone to local extinctions and abundance declines and this effect was consistent both within and between genera. 6. Synthesis and applications . Our study demonstrates that secondary and plantation forests in a large neotropical landscape host exceptionally impoverished dung beetle communities. Furthermore, the depletion of beetle abundance combined with a reduction in average body mass in converted forests is likely to have detrimental consequences for the maintenance of dung beetle-mediated ecosystem services in these habitats. Differences in biogeographical and landscape context, and the influence of common limitations in sampling design, may explain why many other studies have painted a more optimistic picture of the conservation value of anthropogenic habitats. In the absence of further evidence we caution strongly against the claim that forest regeneration schemes on degraded land can effectively offset the loss of species following deforestation, and urge that conservation strategies prioritize the protection of remaining areas of primary forest.},
	keywords = {biomass, brazil, deforestation, habitat change, habitat value, sampling bias, Scarabaeinae, Tropical forests},
	author = {Gardner, T. A. and Hernandez, M. I. M. and Barlow, J. and Peres, C. A.}
}
@article {2072,
	title = {Global dung beetle response to tropical forest modification and fragmentation: A quantitative literature review and meta-analysis},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {137},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1-19},
	abstract = {Although insects are crucial for maintaining ecosystem function, our understanding of their overall response to human activity remains limited. This is no less true of dung-burying beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), which provide a suite of critical ecosystem functions and services, yet but face multiple conservation threats, particularly from landscape conversion. Here we use a review and meta-analysis to synthesize the current knowledge concerning response to tropical forest modification and fragmentation of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). For every modified habitat type and individual forest fragment across 33 studies, we calculated six dung beetle community parameters, standardized relative to intact tropical forest. We organized modified habitats along an approximate disturbance gradient ranging from selectively logged, late and early secondary forest, through agroforestry, tree plantations, to annual crops, cattle pastures and clear-cuts. Secondary forests, selectively logged forest and agroforests supported rich communities with many intact forest species, while cattle pastures and clear-cuts contained fewer species overall with few forest-dwelling species. Abundance generally declined with increasing modification, but was quite variable. Communities in open habitats were often characterized by hyper-abundance of a small number of small-bodied species, leading to low evenness. Across fragmentation studies, dung beetle species richness, abundance and evenness declined in smaller forest fragments. Richness and abundance sometimes declined in more isolated fragments, although this response appeared to depend on matrix quality. Across both habitat modification and fragmentation studies, geographic location and landscape context appeared to modify dung beetle response by influencing the available pool of colonists. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms and conclude with recommendations for management and conservation and for future research.},
	keywords = {Agroforestry, community ecology, deforestation, Invertebrate, Land-use change, Scarabaeinae},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V5X-4ND710H-1/2/3d7a5f4362824647199ebdfd5821fa14 },
	author = {Nichols, E. and Larsen, T. and Spector, S. and Davis, A. L. and Escobar, F. and Favila, M. and Vulinec, K.}
}
