@article {1326,
	title = {Impact of the activity of dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae) inhabiting pasture land in Durango, Mexico},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copyhave copy},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1306-1312},
	abstract = {In this study, I analyzed the diversity of the dung beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in relation to its bovine dung-removal efficiency in a cattle ranch with a load of 250 animals currently under holistic resource management. A total of 3,430 individuals of 8 Scarabaeinae species was collected, of which 5 species are abundant in the area: Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche), Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius), Onthophagus mexicanus Bates, O. knulli Howden and Cartwright, and Canthon humectus (Say). Of these 5 species, E. intermedius, D. gazella, and C. humectus were dominant in terms of abundance and biomass. Cattle dung pats were exploited mostly within the first 48 h after deposition. The activity and abundance of dung beetles recorded in the study were insufficient to remove the amount of fresh dung deposited in cattle pastureland.},
	keywords = {assemblages, baited pitfall traps, cattle, diversity, dung beetle, Dung beetles, Durango, ecological function, ecosystem service, ecosystems, holistic resource management, insects, larvae, scarabaeoidea col communities},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224606000022},
	author = {Sofia Anduaga}
}
@article {1373,
	title = {Population Density, dispersion, and dispersal estimates for Scarites substriatus, Pterostichus chalcites, and Harpalus pennsylvanicus (Carabidae) in an Iowa cornfield},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {6},
	year = {1981},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {847-856},
	keywords = {Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Best, R. L. and Beegle, C. C. and Owens, J. C. and Ortiz, M.}
}
@article {1382,
	title = {Onthophagus gazella: effect on survival of horn flies in the laboratory},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {2},
	number = {5},
	year = {1973},
	note = {requested 1/6 disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	pages = {811-813},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service dung beetle, Horn Flies, Onthophagus gazella, SURVIVAL},
	author = {Blume, Richard R. and Matter, J. J. and Eschle, J. L.}
}
@article {1463,
	title = {Reproduction and survival of the dung beetle Onthophagus binodis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) exposed to abamectin and doramectin residues in cattle dung},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {6},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital copy disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1116-1122},
	abstract = {Two groups of 50 heifers were given a subcutaneous injection of either abamectin (Avomec) or doramectin (Dectomax) at a dose rate of 200 mug/kg live weight. A third group of 50 heifers remained untreated. Dung samples were collected on 1, 3, 6, 9, 18, 24, 34, and 42 d after injection, and excreted residues were bioassayed using the dung beetle Onthophagus binodis Thunberg. Fewer newly emerged adults of O. binodis survived exposure to dung from cattle treated 3 and 6 d previously with abamectin or 9 d previously with doramectin than from dung of untreated cattle. Both compounds induced a range of sublethal effects on O. binodis. Abamectin residues excreted in dung up to 42 d after injection had a deleterious impact on ovarian condition, brood mass (egg) production, and lan al survival. Doramectin residues only had a deleterious effect on these parameters at 3 and 6 d after injection relative to dung from control cattle. Analysis of the dung collected at each date after injection indicated that moisture content, pH, and percent nitrogen were not different from other physicochemical profiles conducted on cattle dung. Doramectin residues attained maximal concentrations of 101.1 mug/kg 3 d after injection followed by a linear decline with an elimination half-life estimate of 15 d. The bioassay data indicated that doramectin concentrations of <60 <mu>g/kg have minimal impact on the mortality and reproductive potential of O. binodis and that deleterious effects to this species will be evident for only 1-2 wk after administration of the drug to cattle. The potential ecotoxic effects of these compounds are discussed in terms of dung beetle activity and strategies for parasite control of cattle in the Australian environment.},
	keywords = {ANTIPARASITIC DRUG IVERMECTIN, avermectin, AVERMECTIN RESIDUES, burial, doramectin, dung beetle, ecotoxicity, FAUNA dung beetle, FIELD, HORSES, impact, insects, PHARMACOKINETICS, TREATING CATTLE},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000166389300004 },
	author = {Dadour, I. R. and Cook, D. F. and Hennessy, D.}
}
@article {1470,
	title = {Does reduced-impact logging help preserve biodiversity in tropical rainforests? A case study from Borneo using dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) as indicators},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital copyhard copy},
	pages = {467-475},
	abstract = {The role of reduced-impact logging on the preservation of biodiversity in tropical lowland dipterocarp rainforest is examined by looking at differences in dung beetle community structure between two sites logged in 1993: one harvested using reduced-impact methods and one using conventional techniques. Collections were made using two night intercept traps over 7 d, and samples were compared with previous collections made from primary forest (riverine and interior-forest) and older forest logged using conventional techniques (logged in 1981). Of the two 1993 sites, the higher diversity and species richness (S = 57, n = 969, alpha = 13.23, H{\textquoteright} = 3.24) was recorded in the forest logged using reduced-impact techniques: the conventionally logged site had both lower diversity and species richness (S = 18. n = 1968, alpha = 8.88, H{\textquoteright} = 1.89), and lacked some primary forest specialists present in the reduced-impact forest samples. The dung beetle community in the 1993 conventional logged site is similar to that of the conventional logging site harvested in 1981. Primary forest has a well-defined ecotone, from interior to riverine forest: both 1993 sites contain a mixture of interior-forest and riverine specialists that are usually spatially separated along this ecotone. Although the dung beetle assemblage in the forest harvested by reduced-impact logging is more similar to a primary interior-forest assemblage than the conventionally logged site, both 1993 sites have assemblages that are closer in similarity to assemblages from primary-riverine habitat than they are to ones from primary interior-forest. However, because the forest logged using reduced-impact logging techniques has a more equitable and diverse dung beetle assemblage and a greater number of interior-forest specialists than the conventionally logged site, this study suggests that reduced-impact logging has better preserved the primary forest assemblage than conventional logging techniques.},
	keywords = {diversity, ecotone (biological conservation 2007), edge effects, modification, selective logging},
	author = {Davis, Andrew J.}
}
@article {1500,
	title = {Effect of deforestation on a southwest Ghana dung beetle assemblage (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) at the periphery of Ankasa conservation area},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {34},
	number = {5},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1081-1088},
	abstract = {During June 2003, an exploratory dung beetle survey (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) was conducted in southwest Ghana at the southern edge of Ankasa Conservation Area, which is a 500-km(2) conserved region of the threatened Eastern Upper Guinean rainforest. The survey provided a quantitative assessment of peripheral deforestation effects and an inventory for species on omnivore dung. Pitfall traps baited with pig dung were placed in both selectively logged and unlogged rainforest as well as in nearby oil palm and cacao plantations. The Ankasa forest inventory was mostly comprised of species previously trapped by human dung in the Western Upper Guinean rainforest of TO National Park, Cote d{\textquoteright}Ivoire. However, there was relatively low species abundance similarity between the June/July assemblages on omnivore dung in Tai and Ankasa rainforests, and even lower similarity between assemblages of Ankasa and the adjacent plantations. Of 29 species recorded in Ankasa forest, most were absent or rare in plantations where assemblages were numerically dominated by species previously recorded from the West African savannas. This replacement plantation fauna showed significantly lower species richness and diversity, but significantly higher abundance, compared with Ankasa forest assemblages. The results reiterate that forest reserves are essential for the conservation of specialist rainforest dung beetle species.},
	keywords = {deforestation, Dung, dung beetle, Ghana, modification, plantation, rainforest, scarabaeinae (biological conservation 2007)},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000232405800014 },
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Philips, T. K.}
}
@article {1530,
	title = {Trophic preferences mediated by olfactory cues in dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {370-377},
	abstract = {Scarab beetles colonizing vertebrate feces are considered polyphagous insects, because they often use dung of several species. However, recent works have provided evidence for strong feeding preferences in some dung beetle species. The influence of dung odors in the process of resource selection by beetles has not received attention. The objective of this study was to investigate trophic preferences in Mediterranean dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung. The pattern of resource use by insects was studied using series of pitfall traps baited with cattle or horse dung in three different sites of south-central France. A total of 4,276 insects belonging to 39 species were captured. Cattle dung attracted more insects than horse feces (2,570 versus 1,706 individuals). Twenty-four of the 39 beetle species collected had clear feeding preferences for cattle dung (13 species) or horse dung (11 species). None of these species seemed linked exclusively to one kind of dung. The behavioral responses of seven scarab beetles to volatile compounds emitted by cattle and horse dung were compared in laboratory olfactometer bioassays. Three insect species (Aphodius erraticus, A. scrutator, Onthophagus vacca) were more attracted to volatile compounds from cattle dung. Two other species (Euonthophagus amyntas, Bubas bubalus) orientated preferentially toward horse dung volatiles. Except for two species, beetles were thus attracted to volatiles from the dung type they preferred in the field. The reasons why coprophagous beetles show local feeding preferences for particular dung types are discussed.},
	keywords = {bait, burial, capacity, cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, colonization, communities, dung beetle, Dung beetles, feces, food, horse dung, mammal mammals, olfactometer, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, trophic preferences},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220856500033},
	author = {Dormont, L. and Epinat, G. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1574,
	title = {Effects of the attractiveness for dung beetles of dung pat origin and size along a climatic gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {45-53},
	abstract = {Dung beetle (Coleoptera:Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) assemblages were monitored by dung-baited pitfall trapping at three sites distributed along a bioclimatic gradient from semiarid to mesic temperate. For each type of dung, both small and large sized baits were used. Under semiarid conditions{\textquoteright}(Morocco), three dung beetle assemblages were distinguished: small bait assemblages in any dung; large cattle bait assemblages; large sheep bait assemblages. Under more temperate conditions (southern France and the Alps), only large and small bait assemblages were observed, whatever the origin of the dung. Large baits attracted significantly more species and more beetles than did small baits, and very few species were attracted significantly more by either sheep or goat baits than by cattle baits. A significant, positive correlation between dung beetle size and dung pat size was observed in Morocco where the large species are predominant, whereas a negative relationship was observed in southern France where the small species are predominant. Cattle pats were more attractive for beetles under xeric and Mediterranean conditions (Morocco and southern France) that under cold temperate conditions (Alps).},
	keywords = {aphodius, assemblage composition, ba, baited pitfall traps, cattle, COLEOPTERA, colonization, dung beetle, GUILD, IVERMECTIN, mammal, patterns, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, scarabaeoidea col communities, spatial, trophic resource, variability},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000189311200006 },
	author = {Errouissi, F. and Haloti, S. and Jay-Robert, P. and Janati-Idrissi, A. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1695,
	title = {Resource limitation of nesting: Chance favors the prepared dung beetle},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {188-196},
	keywords = {dung beetle, dung resources mammals, morphology, nesting, physiology, trait information},
	author = {Gonzalez-Megias, A. and Sanchez-Pinero, F.}
}
@article {1721,
	title = {Instability of copronecrophagous beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in a mountainous tropical landscape of Mexico},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {6},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1397-1407},
	abstract = {We analyzed changes over time in species composition and functional guild structure (temporal beta diversity) for natural assemblages and those modi{\TH}ed by humans in a fragmented, tropical mountain landscape. The assemblages belong to cloud forests (the original vegetation type), secondary forests, traditional shaded coffee plantations, commercial shaded coffee plantations, and a cattle pasture. Copronecrophagous beetles, subfamily Scarabaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), were used as the indicator group. This group has been used in previous studies and other tropical forests and has been found to be a good indicator of the effects of anthropogenic change. For each assemblage, we compared samples that were collected several years apart. Changes were found in species composition, order of abundance, and in the proportion that a given species is present in the different functional groups. The changes that occurred between samplings affected the less abundant species in the cloud forest and in the pasture. In the other vegetation types, both abundant and less abundant species were affected. Their order of abundance and proportion in the different guilds also changed. This study shows that, although landscape richness remains relatively constant, richness at the local level (alpha diversity) changes notably even over short lapses of time. This could be a characteristic of landscapes with intermediate degrees of disturbance (such as those that have been partially modi{\TH}ed for human use), where assemblage composition is very fluid. },
	keywords = {alpha diversity, beta diversity, cloud forest, fragmented landscapes, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Pineda, Eduardo and Arellano, Lucrecia and Escobar S. , Federico}
}
@article {1831,
	title = {Nontarget effects of ivermectin on coprophagous insects in Japan},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {34},
	number = {6},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1485-1492},
	abstract = {Effects of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin on the dung-breeding {\ss}ies and beetles Liatongus minutus (Motschulsky) were studied in laboratory and {\TH}eld experiments in Hokkaido, Japan. Ivermectin was detected in dung from 1 to 21 d after treatment, with a peak at the {\TH}rst day after treatment in two pour-on administrations (500 },
	keywords = {IVERMECTIN, Japan, Liatongus minutus, Musca bezzii, Scatophaga stercoraria},
	author = {Iwasa, Mitsuhiro and Nakamura, Tomokazu and Fukaki, Kyoko and Yamashita, Nobuo}
}
@article {1832,
	title = {Effect of habitat transformation on dung beetle assemblages: A comparison between a South African nature reserve and neighboring farms},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {474-483},
	abstract = {The effect of habitat transformation on dung beetle assemblages in the north-western Free State was investigated by comparing the fauna of a nature reserve with that on neighboring farms. Dung beetle sampling was done in four different localities within two different habitat types, a grassveld area and a bushveld (savanna) area. In these two habitat types, dung beetle assemblages in Sandveld Nature Reserve (27[degree] 37{\textquoteright} S, 25[degree] 46{\textquoteright} E) and on farms were compared. Eighty-three species belonging to 26 genera were captured in the study area. Doube{\textquoteright}s classification was used to divide the dung beetles into functional groups according to the manner in which they use and disturb dung. The grassveld habitats were dominated by larger dung beetles belonging to functional groups I and II, whereas in the bushveld habitats smaller dung beetles belonging to functional groups IV and V were dominant. There were definite habitat preferences, with the larger dung beetles belonging to functional group I and II preferring the grassveld habitats and having higher abundance in the natural rather than the disturbed habitats. The smaller dung beetles, belonging to functional group V, preferred the bushveld habitats. The better competitors (the larger dung beetles) occurred more abundantly in the grassveld habitats and also more abundantly in the natural grassveld habitat than in the disturbed habitat. None of the indices measuring species richness nor dominance showed significant differences between the four habitats. The dung beetle assemblages in all four habitats showed a log series pattern, with high abundance of a few dominant, highly effective competitors and a large number of {\textquoteright}rare{\textquoteright} species, which were assumed to be less effective competitors. This does not, however, imply that the dung beetles were similarly affected by the different habitats, because the biomass of dung beetles was higher in the grassveld than the bushveld habitats and also higher in the natural habitats. A change in vegetational ground cover caused by overgrazing and trampling has a greater effect on the larger, more effective competitors in the assemblage, whereas the smaller less effective competitors do not seem to be affected by this change.},
	keywords = {agriculture, COLEOPTERA, community structure, habitat, matrix, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Jankielsohn, A. and Scholtz, C. H. and Louw, S. V. D. M.}
}
@article {1839,
	title = {Pollination by monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini): do color and dark centers of flowers influence alighting behavior?},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {5},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {861-868},
	abstract = {Monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Hopliini) visit mostly unscented {\ss}owers with conspicuous dark center patterns that have been suggested to mimic resting beetles. Field observations in South Africa showed that monkey beetles are the primary pollen vectors of the dark-centered {\ss}owers of Ixia dubia Vent. (Iridaceae) and Spiloxene capensis (L.) Garside (Hypoxi- daceae), and the dark-centered {\ss}owerheads of Gazania pectinata (Thunb.) Spreng. (Asteraceae). Monkey beetles used the {\ss}owers of these species as mating rendezvous sites and consequently showed a signi{\TH}cant clumped distribution in {\ss}owers. We used model {\ss}owers approximating the study species to determine which traits are important for eliciting alighting behavior in monkey beetles. Contrary to expectations, beetles did not signi{\TH}cantly prefer dark-centered to plain models in 7 of 8 independent experiments, nor did beetles discriminate signi{\TH}cantly between plain models and models with male or female beetles glued to their surface. However, beetles did show a strong preference for orange over red, yellow, and blue models. The results of this study indicate that alighting behavior of monkey beetles is in{\ss}uenced primarily by {\ss}ower color rather than {\ss}ower patterning or presence of other beetles. },
	keywords = {foraging behavior, Hopliinae, insect vision, mimicry, plant-pollinator interactions},
	author = {Johnson, Steven D. and Midgley, Jeremy J.}
}
@article {1911,
	title = {Influence of adult size of Onthophagus gazella on manure pat degredation, nest construction, and progeny size},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {5},
	year = {1981},
	note = {have copy},
	month = {October 15},
	pages = {625-630},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, Nest construction, Onthophagus gazella, Parental care, Progeny size},
	author = {Lee, Marshall J. and Peng, Ying-Shin}
}
@article {1668,
	title = {Comparison of Mediterranean Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidae) in Cattle and Rabbit Dung},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {420-424},
	keywords = {beta diversity, species richness mammals},
	author = {Galante, Eduardo and Cartagena, M. Carmen}
}
@article {1669,
	title = {Comparison of Spatial Distribution Patterns of Dung-Feeding Scarabs Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Geotrupidae in Wooded and Open Pastureland in the Mediterranean Dehesa Area of the Iberian Peninsula},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {90-97},
	abstract = {The seasonal and spatial distributions of dung-feeding scarabs in an open pastureland and in wooded (holm oak) pastureland in a typical Mediterranean area of the western part of the Iberian Peninsula (Salamanca) were compared. Six pitfall traps baited with bovine dung were placed in each habitat according to a model by J. P. Lumaret. Only beetles in the families Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae were studied because they are the most for 1 yr produced 6,909 specimens. Of the 18 species found, the largest beetles and biomass were concentrated mainly in the wooded habitat, especially in the summer. This constitutes a problem for dung removal because large amounts of dung remain in open pasturelands, possibly resulting in the impoverishment of such areas.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung elimination seasonal distribution trapping, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-},
	author = {Galante, E. and Garcia, Roman M. and Barrera, I. and Galindo, P.}
}
@article {2045,
	title = {Influence of two species of dung beetle on larvae of face fly},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1980},
	note = {need copy disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	pages = {607-612},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecosystem service, face fly dung beetle, parasite control},
	author = {Moon, R. D and Loomis, E. C. and Anderson, J. R.}
}
@article {2164,
	title = {Compatibility of coprophagous scarabs and fimicolous staphylinids as biological control agents of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {1983},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {124-127},
	keywords = {Burrowing activity effect on reproductive success, Burrowing activity in dung habitat effects, COLEOPTERA, dung beetle, Dung habitat, ecolog, ecosystem service, Insecta, Polyphaga, Staphylinidae : Breeding success, Staphylinidae : Staphylinoidea, Texas},
	author = {Roth, J. P.}
}
@article {2165,
	title = {Effect of Introduced scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) on coprphilic insects in Central Queensland},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	note = {julio has hard copy},
	pages = {909-914},
	keywords = {Australia, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem services, flies, pastures},
	author = {Roth, J. P. and Macqueen, A. and Bay, D. E}
}
@article {2247,
	title = {Trophic associations of a dung beetle assemblage (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in a woodland savanna of Botswana},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {37},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {431-441},
	abstract = {Species richness and abundance of dung beetles were assessed across a range of bait types that acted as surrogates for the food resources available in Chobe National Park, Botswana. These bait types were comprised of the dung of pig (omnivore), cattle (ruminant herbivore dropping {\TH}ne-{\TH}berd pads), sheep (pellet-dropping ruminant herbivore), and elephant (monogastric, nonru- minant herbivore producing coarse-{\TH}bered droppings), and chicken livers (carrion). Species richness was similar between traps baited with pig, cattle, and elephant dung but was relatively lower in those baited with sheep dung and carrion. In traps baited with pig dung, abundance was relatively greater than in all other bait types. A cluster analysis of species abundance distributions for the 30 most abundant species identi{\TH}ed four different patterns of bait type association at a 60\% level of similarity. All but 1 of the 15 species in cluster A were attracted primarily to the dung of omnivores and pad-dropping ruminant herbivores (pig and cattle). All seven species of cluster B were attracted primarily to coarse-{\TH}bered, nonruminant herbivore dung (elephant). All four species of cluster C were primarily carrion and pig dung associated, whereas all four species of cluster D were carrion specialists. In conclusion, the most abundant species were attracted to all bait types, but most species were largely specialized to different dung types or carrion, with dung attracting the majority of the fauna in terms of both species richness and abundance.},
	keywords = {African savannas, bait types, Botswana, Scarabaeinae, trophic associations},
	author = {Tshikae, B. Power and Davis, Adrian L. V. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {2305,
	title = {Coprophilous arthropod community from Argentina with species of potential use as biocontrol agents against pest flies},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {2},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {191-200},
	abstract = {Dung-inhabiting pest flies are one of the main problems associated with the accumulation of cattle dung. This work analyzes the diversity and dynamics of a Coprophilous community from northern Buenos Aires, Argentina, in a search for potential biocontrol agents. Thirty-SH dung pads of 3 age categories and 4 microhabitats were collected on each sampling date and examined for their arthropod fauna. Some of the species with undefined feeding behavior were subjected to feeding trials in the laboratory. We found 34 coprophagous species, 47 predators, and 13 parasitoids. The combination of the results of the feeding trials, co-oc- currence and abundance data of the prey and predator populations, and direct Held obser- vations were used to put together a trophic web and hypothesis on the dynamics of the community. Dung scarabs cause significant reductions in immature dung fly survival by burying and desiccating large amounts of dung. The Philonthini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are the most abundant and rich predator group, although they are slow to respond to variations in fly populations. However, predatory flies show the same abundance curves as their prey flies. Predatory beetles and flies, dung scarabs, and pupal parasitoids cause additive mortality to the fly population, whereas larval parasitoids cause some compensatory mortality. Four species of staphylinids, 1 predatory muscid, and a coprophagous scarab could have potential as biocontrol agents. The perspectives of success and convenience of a horn fly biocontrol scheme in south- ern South America are discussed.},
	keywords = {biocontrol of pest flies, Dung beetles, flv parasitoids, fly predators, manure ecology, Philonthini},
	author = {Walsh, G. Cabrera and Cordo, Hugo A,}
}
@article {2323,
	title = {Germination of Blue Grama-Seeds Buried by Dung Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {13},
	number = {3},
	year = {1984},
	note = {TD750ENVIRON ENTOMOL},
	pages = {878-881},
	keywords = {dung beetles forest function},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1984TD75000045},
	author = {Wicklow, D. T. and Kumar, R. and Lloyd, J. E.}
}
@article {2327,
	title = {Pitfall trap size and capture of three taxa of litter-dwelling arthropods: Implications for biodiversity studies},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {31},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {599GPENVIRON ENTOMOL},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {438-448},
	abstract = {Cost-effective and ecologically sensitive monitoring techniques are required to assess effects of anthropogenic disturbances on biodiversity. Pitfall trapping is widely used in biodiversity monitoring programs to measure the diversity of organisms active within leaf-litter. We compared catch rates and species richness of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and spiders (Araneae) across five different diameters of pitfall traps (4.5, 6.5, 11, 15, and 20 cm) and three sizes of rain covers (64, 79.2, and 225 en 12) to determine optimal trap size for studying litter- dwelling arthropod biodiversity. In general, larger pitfall traps collected more individuals, and more species, of all three taxa. Further tests on data standardized to trap circumference showed that catch rates are not directly proportional to trap size, and even the smallest traps collected a disproportionately high number of certain taxa. When catch rate data were standardized by trap circumference smaller traps collected more small-bodied carabid and staphylinid species and large traps collected more wolf spiders (Lycosidae) than smaller traps. Roof size had no effect on species richness or catch rate of beetles or spiders. For the purposes of ecological monitoring, using more small pitfall traps would be the most efficient sampling technique to characterize the dominant epigaeic arthropod fauna; small traps collect few nontarget vertebrates, and sorting the samples involves generally less processing time. From a conservation perspective, however, including several large pitfall traps in the sampling regime Would help detect rare species.},
	keywords = {dung beetles tropical forest ecology general ecology},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000178326000003},
	author = {Work, T. T. and Buddle, C. M. and Korinus, L. M. and Spence, J. R.}
}
