@article {1320,
	title = {Dung beetle assemblages in primary forest and disturbed habitats in a tropical dry forest landscape in western Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {12},
	keywords = {Disturbance, Indicator group, Mexico, Scarabaeinae, tropical dry forest},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1375,
	title = {Interactions between dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and the arbovirus vector Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)},
	journal = {Australian Journal of Entomology},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {89-96},
	abstract = {The potential for dung beetles to reduce populations of the biting midge and arbovirus vector Culicoides brevitarsis  in bovine dung was studied in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales (NSW) between 1999 and 2003 using natural populations of insects. Preliminary work to develop experimental procedures showed that: a few C. brevitarsis  could survive in buried dung; dung beetles and C. brevitarsis  coming to dung were unaffected by a background of shade-cloth used experimentally to prevent dung burial; the most abundant dung beetle, Onthophagus gazella  L. and C. brevitarsis oviposition occurred concurrently in the first 2 d after dung deposition, and the potential for interaction between dung beetles and C. brevitarsis was greatest in open pasture adjacent to trees where cattle congregate at night. Laboratory experiments on dung burial showed that C. brevitarsis  numbers decreased as numbers of dung beetles increased or as the dry weight of dung decreased due to burial. This was seldom reflected in the field where, although significant burial occurred experimentally in 9 of 20 trials over 3 years, a significant decline in C. brevitarsis  numbers attributable to burial only occurred once. C. brevitarsis  numbers in the field were lower in unburied dung in 70\% of trials. Differences were significant twice and were considered the result of dung disturbance. In the laboratory, decreasing numbers of C. brevitarsis  were related to three characteristics of disturbance: the flattening, spreading and reduction in wet weight of the dung. Evidence of C. brevitarsis  activity throughout coastal NSW suggests that, while C. brevitarsis  numbers may be modified by dung beetles, the interaction is insufficient to prevent their increase, spread and ability to transmit viruses to livestock.},
	keywords = {bovine dung, burial, Disturbance, Onthophagus gazella, Onthophagus granulatus},
	author = {Bishop, Alan L. and McKenzie, Harry J. and Spohr, Lorraine J. and Barchia, Idris M.}
}
@article {1754,
	title = {Abundancia y diversidad de escarabajos coprofagos y mariposas diurnas en un paisaje ganadero en el departemento de Rivas, Nicaragua.},
	journal = {Agroforesteria en las Americas},
	volume = {10},
	number = {39-40},
	year = {2003},
	note = {hard copy (journal)},
	pages = {93-102},
	keywords = {(biological conservation 2007), Disturbance, dung beetle, modification, moist tropical forest},
	author = {Hernandez, B. and Maes, J. M. and Harvey, C. T. and Vilchez, A and Medina, A. and Sanchez, D}
}
@article {1802,
	title = {Effects of clearing in a tropical rain forest on the composition of the coprophagous scarab beetle fauna (Coleoptera)},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {1975},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {77-83},
	keywords = {alpha diversity, Amazonia, beta diversity, conservation, Disturbance, indicator, methods, modification, monitoring, Scarabaeinae, tropical forests (biological conservation 2007)},
	author = {Howden, H. F. and V. G. Nealis}
}
@conference {1883,
	title = {Human influence on the dung fauna in Afrotropical grasslands (Insecta: Coleoptera)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Tropical Biology},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {133-139},
	publisher = {Springer Verlag},
	organization = {Springer Verlag},
	address = {Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany},
	abstract = {Dung beetles are the main dung recyclers in most Afrotropical environments. We compare dung beetle abundance in herbivore dung in West and East African grasslands that are subject to various anthropogenic disturbances. Dung beetles are similarly abundant in grasslands with indigenous wild herbivores and with extensive cattle farming. However, if herbivore dung is regularly removed (i.e. collected by local people for domestic and agricultural use) or not present locally at all, the abundance of dung beetles decreases. The lowest numbers were found in an urban settlement.},
	keywords = {Disturbance, dung beetle, East Africa, land use, savanna, West Africa},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Mahiva, Vincent S. and Kouakou, Celestin and N{\textquoteright}goran, Paul and Krell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia and Newman, Dorothy H. and Weib, Ingo and Doumbia, Mamadou}
}
@mastersthesis {1941,
	title = {Distribuici{\'o}n y diversidad de escarabajos copr{\'o}fagos (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) en tres relictos de bosque altoandino (Cordillera Oriental, Vertiente Occidental), Colombia.},
	year = {1996},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {123},
	school = {Pontificia Universidad Javeriana},
	type = {Tesis de Grado},
	address = {Bogot{\'a}. Colombia.},
	keywords = {Colombia, Disturbance, dung beetle, fragmentation, moist tropical forest, scarabaeinae (biological conservation 2007)},
	author = {Lopera, A.}
}
@article {1680,
	title = {The diversity of soil communities, the {\textquoteright}poor man{\textquoteright}s tropical rainforest{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
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CURRIE DJ, 1991, AM NAT, V137, P27     CURRY JP, 1978, SCI P R DUBLIN SOC A, V6, P131     DANGERFIELD JM, 1990, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V34, P141     DAVID J, 1993, PEDOBIOL, V27, P49     DAVIDSON DW, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P500     DEGOEDE RGM, 1994, APPL SOIL ECOL, V1, P29     DEGOEDE RGM, 1993, FUND APPL NEMATOL, V16, P501     DENNISON DF, 1984, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V26, P45     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     DOUBE BM, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P371     DOUBE BM, 1988, ECOL ENTOMOL, V13, P251     DOUBE BM, 1986, MIS PUB ENT SOC AM, V61, P132     DOUBE BM, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P255     ETTEMA CH, 1993, BIOL FERT SOILS, V16, P79     FENCHEL T, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P281     FRECKMAN DW, 1993, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V45, P239     GASTON K, 1994, RARITY     GHILAROV MS, 1977, ECOL B STOCKHOLM, V25, P593     GILLER PS, 1984, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE     GILLER PS, 1994, J ANIM ECOL, V63, P629     GILLER PS, 1989, J ANIM ECOL, V58, P129     GILLER PS, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P519     GITTINGS T, 1994, THESIS NATIONAL U IR     GRASSLE JF, 1994, AQUATIC ECOLOGY SCAL, P499     GREENSLADE P, 1980, 7TH P INT SOIL ZOOL, P491     HAGVAR S, 1990, BIOL FERT SOILS, V9, P178     HAGVAR S, 1982, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V24, P255     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P5     HANSKI I, 1987, ECOL ENTOMOL, V12, P257     HAYES AJ, 1966, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V6, P281     HERMOSILLA W, 1982, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V19, P225     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOUSE GJ, 1989, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V18, P302     HUHTA V, 1979, ANN ZOOL FENN, V16, P223     HUSTON MA, 1994, BIOL DIVERSITY COEXI     HUTCHINSON GE, 1961, AM NAT, V95, P137     HUTCHINSON GE, 1953, P ACAD NAT SCI PHILA, V105, P1     IRMLER U, 1979, OECOLOGIA, V43, P1     IVES AR, 1988, ANN ZOOL FENN, V25, P75     IVES AR, 1991, ECOL MONOGR, V61, P75     JACKSON RM, 1966, STUDIES BIOL, V2     KACZMAREK M, 1975, EKOL POLSKA, V23, P265     KING KL, 1976, J APPL ECOL, V13, P731     KNEIDEL KA, 1984, AM MIDL NAT, V111, P57     KRISHNAMOORTHY R, 1985, J SOIL BIOL ECOL, V5, P33     LAVELLE P, 1989, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V33, P283     LEADLEYBROWN A, 1978, ECOLOGY SOIL ORG     LEBRUN P, 1979, RECENT ADV ACAROLOGY, V1, P603     LEVINGS SC, 1983, ECOL MONOGR, V53, P435     LEVINS R, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P765     LONGSTAFF BC, 1976, CAN J ZOOL, V54, P948     LUXTON M, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P293     LUXTON M, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P340     LYNCH JF, 1988, AM MIDL NAT, V119, P31     LYNCH JF, 1980, ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOG, V5, P353     MANDELBROT BB, 1983, FRACTAL GEOMETRY NAT     MARSHALL V, 1982, B ENT SOC CAN S, V14     MAY RM, 1974, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V5, P297     MEHLHOP P, 1983, ECOL ENTOMOL, V8, P69     MILLS JT, 1971, J ECON ENTOMOL, V64, P398     NEHER DA, 1994, APPL SOIL ECOL, V1, P17     NESTEL D, 1993, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V2, P70     PAINE RT, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P5     PARMELEE RW, 1993, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V12, P1477     PARR TW, 1980, THESIS U YORK UK     PETERSEN H, 1971, ENTOMOLOGISKE MEDDEL, V39, P97     PETERSEN H, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P295     PETERSEN H, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P306     PETERSEN H, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P330     PIANKA ER, 1978, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY     PRIMACK RB, 1992, BIOSCIENCE, V42, P818     PROCTER DLC, 1990, J NEMATOL, V22, P1     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V32, P80     SCHAEFER M, 1990, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V34, P299     SCHOENER TW, 1983, AM NAT, V122, P240     SCHOENER TW, 1974, SCIENCE, V185, P27     SHORROCKS B, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P29     SIEPEL H, 1990, BIOL FERT SOILS, V9, P139     SILVA SI, 1989, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V33, P333     SMITH VR, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V85, P14     SPARKES K, 1982, THESIS U YORK UK     STANTON NL, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P295     STEVENS GC, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P240     SUGIHARA G, 1990, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V5, P79     TEUBEN A, 1992, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V36, P79     THOMAS RH, 1988, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V31, P113     TRUMBO ST, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P347     USHER MB, 1975, BIOTROPICA, V7, P217     USHER MB, 1977, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V5, P151     USHER MB, 1982, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V23, P126     USHER MB, 1979, POPULATION DYNAMICS, P359     USHER MB, 1988, REV ZOOL AFR, V102, P285     USHER MB, 1976, ROLE TERRESTRIAL AQU, P61     USHER MB, 1985, SPEC PUBL BRIT ECOL, V4, P243     VEGTER JJ, 1983, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V25, P253     VILLALOBOS FJ, 1990, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V27, P73     WEIL R, 1979, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V11, P666     WHITFORD WG, 1992, GLOBAL WARMING BIOL, P124     WILLIAMSON M, 1988, ANAL BIOGEOGRAPHY, P91     WILSON DS, 1984, ECOL ENTOMOL, V9, P205     WILSON EO, 1992, DIVERSITY LIFE     WOLDA H, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P69     WOOD TG, 1976, ROLE TERRESTRIAL AQU, P145     YEATES GW, 1987, BIOL FERT SOILS, V5, P225EnglishReviewTW705BIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {135-168},
	abstract = {This paper reviews the various factors that facilitate the high biodiversity of soil communities, concentrating on soil animals. It considers the problems facing soil ecologists in the study of soil communities and identifies the important role such communities play in terrestrial ecosystems. The review also considers diversity and abundance patterns. A range of factors are identified that may contribute to the biodiversity of soil and their role is reviewed. These include diversity of food resources and trophic specialization, habitat favourableness, habitat heterogeneity in space and time, scale and spatial extent of the habitat, niche dynamics and resource partitioning, productivity, disturbance and aggregation. Biodiversity of soil organisms appears high, largely attributable to the nested set of ecological worlds in the soil - the relationship between the range of size groupings of soil organisms relative to the spatial heterogeneity perceived by these various groups - that provide a large {\textquoteright}area for life{\textquoteright} for the micro- and mesofauna. The role of aggregation and how it relates to the spatial scale under consideration and to species interactions amongst soil animals is largely unknown at present. The role of disturbance is equivocal and man{\textquoteright}s activities more often than not seem to lead to a reduced biodiversity of soil communities. This paper also identifies areas where further work is desirable to improve our understanding of the structure and functioning of soil communities.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, burying beetles silphidae, coexistence, community ecology, competition, composition, Disturbance, Dung, ecological communities, forest, heterogeneity, maturity index, resource partitioning, soil communities, species, succe, temporal patterns},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TW70500002},
	author = {Giller, P. S.}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {Frog, Bat and Dung Beetle Diversity in the Cloud Forest and Coffee Agroecosystems of Veracruz, Mexico},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	pages = {400-410},
	keywords = {agroforestry (biological conservation 2007), cloud forest, Disturbance, Dung beetles, fragmentation, Mexico, multi-taxa, polyagroforestry, Veracruz},
	author = {Pineda, Eduardo and Moreno, Claudia and Escobar, Frederico and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2118,
	title = {Rapid recovery of dung beetle communities following habitat fragmentation in Central Amazonia},
	journal = {Ecology },
	volume = {86},
	number = {12},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {3303-3311},
	keywords = {brazil, Disturbance, Dung beetles, faunal collapse (biological conservation 2007), fragmentation, klein, manaus, recovery},
	author = {Quintero, Ingrid and Roslin, Tomas}
}
