@article {2232,
	title = {Hunting and plant community dynamics in tropical forests: a synthesis and future directions},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {39},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {385-392},
	abstract = {This synthesis builds on the preceding articles of this Special Section and has three goals. We first review the nascent literature that addresses indirect effects of hunting for tropical forest plant communities. Next, we highlight the potential indirect effects of hunting for other groups of organisms. Our final goal is to consider what could be done to ameliorate the demographic threats to harvest-sensitive game species caused by unsustainable hunting. Three conclusions are possible at this time concerning the impact of hunting for tropical forest plant communities: (1) Hunting tends to reduce seed movement for animal-dispersed species with very large diaspores; (2) Hunting reduces seed predation by granivorous vertebrates for species with large seeds; and (3) Hunting alters the species composition of the seedling and sapling layers. The cascading effects of hunting are already known to affect bruchid beetles and dung beetles and are likely to affect other, nongame taxa. To ameliorate these problems, several lines of research should be further explored to facilitate the development of game management plans including: (1) alternative use of sources of animal protein; (2) income supplementation for local people from sources other than wild meat; (3) outreach and extension activities for communities; (4) recognition and facilitation of the shifting of attitudes towards hunting; (5) implementation of community-based wildlife management programs in regulated-use areas such as extractive reserves; and (6) landscape-scale conservation planning that maximizes the source-sink dynamics of harvested and unharvested game populations and enforces game regulations in strictly protected areas. },
	keywords = {bushmeat, management plans, plant community structure, seed dispersal, seed predation},
	author = {Stoner, Kathryn E. and Vulinec, Kevina and Wright, S. Joseph and Peres, Carlos A.}
}
@article {2291,
	title = {A southern range extension for the introduced dung beetle Onthophagus taurus Schreber (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {47},
	number = {2},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {129-130},
	author = {Vulinec, Kevina}
}
@article {2292,
	title = {Iridescent dung beetles: A different angle},
	journal = {Florida Entomologist},
	volume = {80},
	number = {2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {1997Research ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {132-141},
	abstract = {Iridescence, in both the visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectra, is produced by various means and may serve several functions in different animals. In insects, such colors are often considered as anti-predator adaptations, either crypsis or aposematism, or a means of thermoregulation. A less explored alternative is social signaling. Iridescent colors are particularly useful in this context because they are brightest from certain directions and body orientation could be employed to direct a visual signal to particular receivers. In phanaeine dung beetles the head and prothoracic shield reflect a visible-light and UV iridescence that is best seen from a position facing the insect. The less iridescent male horn is silhouetted against the prothoracic shield. Since, horn size is indicative of male size, such a display may be directed to sexual competitors in agonistic interactions. Broad and reflective prothoracic surfaces on males might also be preferred by females choosing a mate, who will cooperate in future brood care, since they would make infestations of kleptoparasitic flies more obvious.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-), Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Insects-, Integumentary-System (Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis), Invertebrata-, Invertebrate, morphology-},
	author = {Vulinec, Kevina}
}
@article {2294,
	title = {Dung beetle communities and seed dispersal in primary forest and disturbed land in Amazonia},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {34},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copyhave copy},
	pages = {297-309},
	keywords = {amazonia (biological conservation 2007), dung beetle, ecosystem services, modification, monkeys, seed dispersal},
	author = {Vulinec, Kevina}
}
@article {2296,
	title = {Primate and dung beetle communities in secondary growth rain forests: implications for conservation of seed dispersal systems},
	journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {855-879},
	edition = {june},
	abstract = {Conservation efforts are often aimed at one or a few species. However, habi- tat sustainability relies on ecological interactions among species, such as seed dispersal. Thus, a community-scale conservation strategy may be more valuable in some settings. We describe communities of primary (primates) and secondary (dung beetles) seed dispersers from 5 sites in the Brazilian Amazon. We estimate community biomass of these taxa and, using multivari- ate ordination, examine the potential for natural reforestation at each site, given the communities of seed dispersers present. Since disturbed habitat is increasingly common and increasingly the focus of conservation efforts, we also examine differences among seed disperser communities between primary forest and secondary growth at each site. Analyses of faunal biomass in dif- ferent localities and habitats indicate that secondary growth receives nearly as much use by primates as primary forest; given the dominant groups of dung beetles in secondary growth, disturbed habitat should show a pattern of seed burial that is clumped and deep. Areas with high biomass of Alouatta spp. and the large nocturnal dung beetle species may have the greatest potential for natural reforestation of secondary growth particularly for large seeded species. The data suggest that knowledge of the biomass of primary and sec- ondary dispersing fauna facilitates predictions for the likelihood of disturbed habitat to regenerate and comparisons of sites in broader geographical areas e.g., Neotropical vs. Paleotropical forests.},
	keywords = {community ecology, Dung beetles, primates, rain forest regeneration, secondary forest., seed dispersal},
	author = {Vulinec, Kevina and Lambert, Joanna E. and Mellow, David J.}
}
@article {2297,
	title = {Long-term Habitat Fragmentation and Dung Beetles in Alter do Ch{\~a}o,Amaz{\^o}nia, Brazil},
	journal = {Tropical Conservation Science},
	volume = {1},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {111-121},
	keywords = {mammals},
	author = {Vulinec, Kevina and Lima, A. P. and Carvalho-Jr. , E. and Mellow, D. J.}
}
@article {2298,
	title = {Arboreal foraging height in a common neotropical dung beetle, Canthon subhyalinus Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {61},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {75-81},
	abstract = {Arboreal foraging by dung beetles has been reported from tropical rainforests in several regions. In the central Amazon, Brazil, the widespread, arboreal dung beetle Canthon subhyalinus Harold was caught most often in dung traps at 8{\textendash}24 m above the forest floor, below the height of most primate activity in the area, where dung should be plentiful yet competition for it low. Studies of dung beetle diversity routinely only include traps set on the forest floor, missing arboreal species such as C. subhyalinus, and generating misleading descriptions of dung beetle diversity and abundance. Future studies of dung beetle diversity should include arboreal traps to accurately sample the diversity and abundance of species that rarely forage at ground level. },
	author = {Vulinec, Kevina and Mellow, David J. and Da Fonseca, C. R. V.}
}
