@article {1338,
	title = {A simple assay to determine the nutrional suitability of cattle dung for coprophagous beetles },
	journal = {Entomologia experimentalis et applicata},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1989},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {73-79},
	abstract = {An assay using extracted dung fluid was developed to provide an objective method of assessing the suitability of cattle dung for the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. Fluid was extracted from whole dung by twisting gauze-wrapped samples by hand, or by use of an hydraulic press set sequentially at 2 MPa, 6 MPa and 10 MPa. Artificial dung was made by adding dung fluid to shredded fibre-board in a 15 : 1 weight ratio. The rate of brood-ball ( = egg) production by female E. intermedius fed on the artificial dung made from fluid extracted by the hydraulic press at 2 MPa was the same as that on natural whole dung. Reproductive performance on all artificial dungs was significantly correlated with the percent dry matter content of the dung fluid used in the mixture. Thus the percent dry matter in the fluid extracted at 2 MPa pressure provides an objective measurement for comparing the quality of different dungs as food for adult E. intermedius, without the need for performing bioassays. The results confirm that the fluid component of dung is the major source of nutrition for adult dung beetles. },
	keywords = {cattle dung, coprophagous beetles, dung beetle, Euoniticellus, food, mammals, nutrition, resources},
	author = {Aschenborn, H. H. and Loughnan, M. L. and Edwards, P. B.}
}
@article {1684,
	title = {Life history traits and resource utilisation in an assemblage of north temperate Aphodius dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {55-66},
	abstract = {To help understand and interpret the structure and function of Aphodius dung beetle assemblages, life history traits and resource utilisation were studied for the ten species comprising the local assemblage of intensively grazed pastures in southern Ireland. Most species were univoltine but one species (A. fimetarius) was at least partly bivoltine. However, temporal overlap in adult flight periods does not necessarily imply overlap in resource use. Three different strategies of ovarian development were distinguished and were related to the preferred oviposition site and successional occurrence of the various species. Evidence suggested that absence of mature eggs in a female{\textquoteright}s ovaries did not necessarily imply that a female was in a non-reproductive state. Two species (A. prodromus and A. sphacelatus) did not breed in dung; in the laboratory larvae were reared in decaying vegetation. One species (A. erraticus) developed in brood masses beneath the dung pat. Larvae of all the other species developed within the dung pat. There were consistent interspecific differences in the larval development rates, with two species (A. rufipes and A. rufus) overwintering mainly as prepupae and the other species mainly as adults. Previous studies have considered Aphodius assemblages as single guilds but the detailed natural histories of these species may affect guild designation.},
	keywords = {cattle dung, community, coprophagous beetles, Europe, GUILD},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WK11400006 },
	author = {Gittings, T. and Giller, P. S.}
}
@article {1694,
	title = {Effects of brood parasitism on host reproductive success: evidence from larval interactions among dung beetles},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {134},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 57Cited References:      BEGON M, 1995, ECOLOGY INDIVIDUALS     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1971, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V11, P1     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1969, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V9, P223     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P156     CHAPMAN TA, 1869, ENTOMOL MONTH MAG, V5, P273     CLOUDSLEYTHOMPS.JL, 1991, ECOPHYSIOLOGY DESERT     CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1991, EVOLUTION PARENTAL C     DAVIS ALV, 1996, AFR J ECOL, V34, P258     DAY RW, 1989, ECOL MONOGR, V59, P433     DELLACASSA G, 1983, B MUS REG SCI NAT TO, V1, P1     DOUBE BM, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P371     GILLER PS, 1989, J ANIM ECOL, V58, P129     GITTINGS T, 1997, ECOGRAPHY, V20, P55     GITTINGS T, 1999, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V43, P439     GONZALEZMEGIAS A, 1999, THESIS U GRANADA GRA     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HAMMOND PM, 1976, COLEOPT B, V30, P245     HANSKI I, 1980, ANN ENTOMOL FENN, V46, P57     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1996, ECOL ENTOMOL, V21, P352     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1998, OECOLOGIA, V116, P136     HOLTER P, 1979, ECOL ENTOMOL, V4, P317     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOWDEN HF, 1955, J TENNESSEE ACAD SCI, V30, P64     HOWDEN HF, 1963, P US NAT MUS, V114, P1     KLEMPERER HG, 1980, ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOG, V5, P143     KREBS JR, 1993, INTRO BEHAV ECOLOGY     LANDIN BO, 1961, OPUSC ENTOMOL LUND S, V19, P1     LUMARET JP, 1987, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V24, P1     LUMARET JP, 1989, B ECOLOGIE, V20, P51     MARTINPIERA F, 1993, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V57, P15     MARTINPIERA F, 1984, EOS, V60, P101     MUNSTERSWENDSEN M, 2000, ECOL ENTOMOL, V25, P63     NOYMEIR I, 1979, ISRAEL J BOT, V28, P1     PAULIAN R, 1982, ENCY ENTOMOLOGY, V43     PETANIDOU T, 1995, BIOL J LINN SOC, V55, P261     PITTINO R, 1986, GIORNALE ITALIANO EN, V3, P1     POLIS GA, 1991, AM NAT, V138, P123     RASA OAE, 1996, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V83, P575     RICE WR, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P223     ROSENHEIM JA, 1989, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V25, P335     ROTHSTEIN SI, 1998, PARASITIC BIRDS THEI     ROUGON D, 1982, B SOC ENTOMOL FR, V87, P272     ROUGON D, 1980, CR ACAD SCI D NAT, V291, P417     ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230     ROUGON D, 1980, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V17, P379     SANCHEZPINERO F, 1994, THESIS U GRANADA GRA     SMITH JN, 2000, ECOLOGY MANAGEMENT C     SPOFFORD M, 1986, J NAT HIST, V26, P993     STEVENSON BG, 1985, COLEOPTERISTS B, V39, P215     TALLAMY DW, 1984, BIOSCIENCE, V34, P20     TORCHIO PF, 1992, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V85, P713     TORCHIO PF, 1972, MELANDERIA, V10, P1     TRINE CL, 1998, PARASITIC BIRDS THEI, P273     TRUMBO ST, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P347     VOLLRATH F, 1984, STRATEGIES EXPLOTATI, P61     ZAR JH, 1996, BIOSTATISTICAL ANALEnglishArticle642UHOECOLOGIA},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {195-202},
	abstract = {This paper investigates the effect of brood parasitism in a dung beetle assemblage in an arid region of Spain. The study was conducted during the spring season (March-May 1994-1998) using mesh cylinders buried into the ground, filled with sand and with sheep dung on top. We quantified the proportion of nests containing larvae of parasitic beetles and their effect on host larvae survival. Experiments on the effect of parasitic larvae on host-larvae survival were conducted by placing scarab brood masses (raised from captive scarabs in the laboratory) in containers with and without aphodiid larvae. During the spring, dung desiccation is rapid, preventing aphodiids nesting in the dung, and forcing these species to adopt brood parasitism as a nesting strategy. Parasitic aphodiids were found in 12-47\% of scarab nests of three species. The incidence of brood parasitization was positively related with the number of brood masses contained in the nests, being also higher in the most abundant species. Field data and experiments showed that brood parasites significantly reduced host larvae survival from 74.8\% in non-parasitized nests to 8.8\% in parasitized nests. Because different rates of nest parasitization and mortality were caused by parasites, brood parasitism had a differential effect on different host species. Thus, brood, parasitism constitutes an important mortality factor reducing the reproductive success of the host species and potentially affecting the beetle abundance in the area.},
	keywords = {abundance, aphodius ater, assemblage, cleptoparasite, COLEOPTERA, community, coprophagous beetles, desert ecology, hymenoptera, intraspecific competition, kleptoparasitism, Larval mortality, resource utilization, Scarabaeidae},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180822900005},
	author = {Gonzalez-Megias, A. and Sanchez-Pinero, F.}
}
@article {1658,
	title = {Avaliacao de indices reprodutivos em besouro africano (Digitonthophagus gazella Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Biosci. J.},
	volume = {21},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Sep/Dec},
	pages = {61-68},
	keywords = {biological control, coprophagous beetles, reproduction},
	author = {Fonseca, Vania Maria de Oliveira and Kerr, Warwick Estevam}
}
@article {2006,
	title = {Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) de Colombia},
	journal = {Biota Colombiana},
	volume = {2},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {131-144},
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, Colombia, coprophagous beetles, list of species, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Medina, Claudia A. and Lopera Toro, Alejandro and Vitolo, Adriana and Gill, Bruce}
}
