@article {1398,
	title = {Finding a rare resource: Bornean Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) attracted by defensive secretions of Diplopoda},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {57},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 26Cited References:      1997, SABAH NATURE CLUB     BALTHASAR V, 1963, LAMELLICOMIA, V2     BURGESS PF, 1991, 23 MAL GERM FOR RES     CANO EB, 1998, COLEOPTS BULL, V52, P174     CHAI DNP, 1994, FOREST MANAGEMENT PL     CHUNG AYC, 1999, THESIS U OXFORD     DANGERFIELD JM, 1990, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V34, P141     DAVIS AJ, 1993, THESIS U LEEDS     FOX JED, 1973, SABAH FOREST RECORDS, V9     HANSKI I, 1983, ACTA ZOOL FENN, V167, P1     HANSKI L, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     KABAKOV ON, 1999, LATVIJAS ENTOMOLOGS, V37, P58     KIKUTA T, 1997, TROPICS, V7, P123     KON M, 1998, ELYTRA, V26, P347     KRELL FT, 1999, AFR ENTOMOL, V7, P287     KRELL FT, 1996, 10 INT C MYR COP 29, P35     KRELL FT, 1998, ZOOLOGY ANAL COMP S1, V101, P12     KRELL FT, 1997, ENTOMOLOGICA SCAND S, V51, P281     KUIJTEN PJ, 1985, ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDE, V222     KUIJTEN PJ, 1981, ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDE, V183     MAHSBERG D, 1997, ENT SCAND S, V51, P269     MARSH CW, 1992, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V335, P331     MASUMOTO K, 2001, ELYTRA, V29, P439     OCHI T, 1994, ELYTRA TOKYO, V22, P281     PAYNE J, 1988, MYS11187 WWF MAL     VILLALOBOS FJ, 1998, COLEOPTS BULL, V52, P101EnglishArticleCOLEOPTS BULL669ZW},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {51-55},
	abstract = {Scarab beetles of four species, Onthophagus penicillatus Harold, O. rudis Sharp, Phaeochridius derasus (Harold) and Phaeochroops gilleti (Benderitter) (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae and Hybosoridae) were attracted by quinonous defensive secretions of Harpagophoridae (Diplopoda) in Sabah, Borneo. Unlike the Afrotropics, where some specialists feed on fresh millipede carcasses, in Borneo only generalist necrophages use this resource. This may be caused by the low abundance of juliform Diplopoda in Borneo prohibiting specialization on this resource.},
	keywords = {Scarabaeidae},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000182382700008},
	author = {Bruhl, Carsten and Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
@article {1874,
	title = {Dung beetles unharmed by army ants in tropical Africa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Hymanoptera: Formicidae, Dorylinae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {53},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {325-328},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
@article {1875,
	title = {The fossil record of Mesozoic and Tertiary Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)},
	journal = {Invertebrate Taxonomy},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {871-905},
	abstract = {Lack of characters, similarity of stem species of adelphotaxa and the necessity to know the extant world fauna of the studied group of fossils are the main difficulties in palaeontology of beetles. The paucity of characters of most of the fossils of supposed Scarabaeoidea prevents their inclusion in a reliable phylogenetic analysis. Only rarely can an autapomorphy of Scarabaeoidea be seen in a fossil classified as a member of this group. Therefore, the classification of Mesozoic and Tertiary fossils is often tentative. Based on a critical literature review of all recorded fossil Scarabaeoidea from the Mesozoic and Tertiary, the minimum age for families and/or subfamilies of this group is determined. An annotated catalogue of named fossils and ichnofossils of Scarabaeoidea and of their lagerstätten is given. 238 fossil species and subspecies of this group have been described, of which 27 are doubtful, eight already identified as belonging to other taxa, and two subspecies synonymised with extant taxa. 189 species and 12 ichnospecies probably or reliably belong to the Scarabaeoidea. Nomenclatural acts: Hongscarabaeus, nom. nov. for ProscarabaeusHong, 1982 (nec Schrank, 1781); Onthophagus urusheeri, nom. nov. for Onthophagus urusHeer, 1847 (nec Ménétries, 1832); Aphodius anteactus, nom. nov. for Aphodius antiquus Heer, 1847 (nec Faldermann, 1835); Aphodius theobaldi, nom. nov. for Aphodius incertusThéobald, 1937 (nec Ballion, 1878); Anomala palaeobrunnea, nom. nov. for Anomala brunnea(Hong, 1985) (nec Klug, 1855); Eophyllocerus scrobiculatus Haupt, 1950 is designated as the type species of Eophyllocerus Haupt, 1950; CangabolaLengerken, 1955 is a junior synonym of CoprinisphaeraSauer, 1955. },
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
@article {1876,
	title = {Catalogue of fossil Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) of the Mesozoic and Tertiary},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {61},
	institution = {The Natural History Museum},
	address = {London},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
@article {1877,
	title = {Fossil record and evolution of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)},
	journal = {Coleopterists Society Monograph Number},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {120-143},
	abstract = {The fossil record of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) is reviewed and its relevance for the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the taxon is explored. After a discussion of the different kinds of preservation of scarab fossils, including preservation of color, the richest scarab deposits are identified. From the fossil record, the minimum age of Scarabaeoidea is determined as 152 myr. To develop an idea about the appearance of the first scarab, the ground-pattern of Scarabaeoidea is reconstructed for the first time on the basis of published phylogenetic analyses. Extinct scarabaeoid family-group taxa are described and discussed. Cretocomini and Cretoglaphyrini are upgraded to subfamily rank for reasons of consistency. Most of their diagnostic character states are controverted or not polarized. The minimum age of extant scarabaeoid family-group taxa is deduced from the fossil record. Ancient feeding habits, particularly the development of coprophagy, are discussed. The youngest extinct species described are from the Pleistocene, whereas extant species have been recorded since the Pliocene. },
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
@article {1878,
	title = {Catalogue of fossil Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) of the Mesozoic and Tertiary - Version 2007 -},
	year = {2007},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {79},
	institution = {Denver Museum of Nature \& Science},
	address = {Denver, CO},
	abstract = {A catalogue and bibliography of fossil Scarabaeoidea (Lamellicornia) updated to Novem- ber 2007 is presented. Of 264 described fossil species, 9 currently are considered as belonging to other taxa and 31 are doubtful due to a limited set of preserved characters. 224 fossil species and 13 ichnospecies probably or reliably belong to the Scarabaeoidea.},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
@article {1879,
	title = {Quantitative extraction of macro-invertebrates from temperate and tropical leaf litter and soil: efficiency and time-dependent taxonomic biases of the Winkler extraction},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {175-186},
	abstract = {Winkler extractors, a simple device presumed to extract macro-invertebrates efficiently from soil and litter samples, is being used increasingly in ecological surveys and functional studies of soil macro-invertebrate communities. In this study the extraction efficiency and taxonomic bias of the Winkler extraction are evaluated for extraction periods of 3 h up to 7 weeks, calibrated by hand-sorting after 7 weeks. The method extracts most macro-invertebrates completely or to a proportion of over 90\% except Isopoda, Diplopoda and Mollusca. However, for an exhaustive result, a long extraction period of several weeks is necessary. For the most speciose group (adult beetles) and for the commonly most abundant group (ants), a short extraction of 3 days was sufficient to get 70\% of the individuals and nearly all species. Three days was also sufficient to recover the rank abundance order of beetle families, while for {\textquoteleft}higher taxa{\textquoteright} and for Chilopoda species, 4 and 3 weeks were necessary, respectively. Optimum extraction times for the abundant macro-invertebrate groups and possible adjustment factors for the soil macro-invertebrates of temperate woodlands are proposed to compensate the taxonomic bias caused by short extraction periods. However, for recording an accurate snapshot of the soil and litter fauna at a particular time, shorter extraction periods are advisable because of the short life cycle of many brates; soil invertebrates causing emergence of later stages or a second generation during longer extraction periods. The problem of contamination of samples is also discussed. },
	keywords = {Chilopoda, COLEOPTERA, Extraction, Soil macro-invertebrates, Winkler extractor},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Chung, Arthur Y. C. and DeBoise, Emma and Eggleton, Paul and Giusti, Alessandro and Inward, Kelly and Krell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia}
}
@article {1880,
	title = {The beetle fauna of hyaena latrines: coprocenoses consisting of necrophagous beetles (Coleoptera Trogidae Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2003},
	note = {hard and digital copies},
	pages = {145-152},
	abstract = {The scarab beetle fauna (Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea) on Spotted Hyaena, Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben 1777), scats was investigated to identify the feeding guilds of scarabs on an unusual dung substrate. During 19 months inspecting hyaena latrines and surrounding roads, 69 specimens of 8 species of Scarabaeoidea (Trogidae and Scarabaeidae) were collected from 200 hyaena fae- ces samples and 17 samples of regurgitated hairs. With increasing amount of hairs in the samples, attraction to hyaena faeces increased (from dry, white fae- ces to soft, brownish faeces to regurgitated hairs). Most of the scarab species that we found feed generally on carrion and omnivore/carnivore dung. Three species have not previously been found on carrion but are likely to be (faculta- tive) necrophages. Further records of beetles from hyaena faeces indicate that almost all species that are attracted by this bait are at least facultatively necrophagous. The dung part of their diet consists mainly of omnivore or carni- vore faeces as is usual for necro-coprophagous species.},
	keywords = {{\textquoteright}, Africa, congo, COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES mammals, Cote d, dung beetle, Ivoire, necrophagy, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Korb, J and Walter, Philippe}
}
@article {1881,
	title = {First record of the genus Eusaproecius branco from West-Africa (Col., Scarabaeidae, Coprinae)},
	journal = {Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly Magazine},
	volume = {139},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {13-14},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Krell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia}
}
@article {1882,
	title = {Spatial separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds: a trade-off between competitive superiority and energetic constraints (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {210-222},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Krell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia and Weiss, I. and Eggleton, P. and Linsenmair, K. Eduard}
}
@conference {1883,
	title = {Human influence on the dung fauna in Afrotropical grasslands (Insecta: Coleoptera)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Tropical Biology},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {133-139},
	publisher = {Springer Verlag},
	organization = {Springer Verlag},
	address = {Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany},
	abstract = {Dung beetles are the main dung recyclers in most Afrotropical environments. We compare dung beetle abundance in herbivore dung in West and East African grasslands that are subject to various anthropogenic disturbances. Dung beetles are similarly abundant in grasslands with indigenous wild herbivores and with extensive cattle farming. However, if herbivore dung is regularly removed (i.e. collected by local people for domestic and agricultural use) or not present locally at all, the abundance of dung beetles decreases. The lowest numbers were found in an urban settlement.},
	keywords = {Disturbance, dung beetle, East Africa, land use, savanna, West Africa},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Mahiva, Vincent S. and Kouakou, Celestin and N{\textquoteright}goran, Paul and Krell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia and Newman, Dorothy H. and Weib, Ingo and Doumbia, Mamadou}
}
@article {1889,
	title = {Diel separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds - avoiding competition and neglecting resources (Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {38},
	number = {17},
	year = {2004},
	note = {823AIJ NATUR HIST},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {2225-2249},
	abstract = {Dung beetle guilds of different competitive level coexist at high abundances in the forest - savanna mosaic of Ivory Coast. A total of 25 875 specimens was recorded from 90 samples of fresh buffalo dung exposed for 4- h periods over the day in the Parc National de la Comoe. Redundancy analyses show different patterns of the guild structure determined by time of day, and positive correlations of guild abundance with temperature. The competitively superior telecoprids ( rollers) have their abundance peak at midday when the high temperatures presumably enable them to perform their energetically costly rolling behaviour at greater speed. The competitively intermediate paracoprids ( tunnellers) and the competitively inferior endocoprids ( dwellers) have their peak around dusk when: ( 1) the superior competitors are not active, and ( 2) they can easily synchronize their flight activity using light intensity changes. During the two peaks of flight activity of the dung beetles, their abundance at the resource is very high, causing obvious competition. On the other hand, the resource is hardly used between 22: 00 h and 10: 00 h. This is probably due to physiological constraints ( high optimum temperature required for the diurnal species and dependence on light intensity patterns as a flight trigger of the nocturnal species, respectively). Shifting flight activity to these periods of low competition does not occur, resulting in a unequal level of competition over the day, thus periods of considerable competition within dung beetle assemblages alternate with vacant temporal refuges.},
	keywords = {{\textquoteright}, Cote d, Dung beetles, Ivore},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000221581700007},
	author = {Krell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia and Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Linsenmair, K. Eduard}
}
@article {2032,
	title = {Linear and threshold-dependent expression of secondary sexual traits in the same individual: insights from a horned beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {473-480},
	abstract = {Elaborate horns or horn-like structures in male scarab beetles commonly scale with body size either (a) in a linear fashion with horn size increasing relatively faster than body size or (b) in a threshold-dependent, sigmoid fashion; that is, males smaller than a certain critical body size develop no or only rudimentary horns, whereas males larger than the threshold size express fully developed horns. The development of linear vs. sigmoid scaling relationships is thought to require fundamentally different regulatory mechanisms. Here we show that such disparate regulatory mechanisms may co-occur in the same individual. Large males of the south-east Asian Onthophagus  ( Proagoderus ) watanabei  (Ochi \& Kon) (Scarabaeidae, Onthophagini) develop a pair of long, curved head horns as well as a single thoracic horn. We show that unlike paired head horns in a large number of Onthophagus  species, in O. watanabei  the relationship between head horns and body size is best explained by a linear model. Large males develop dispropor- tionately longer horns than small males, but the difference in relative horn sizes across the range of body sizes is small compared to other Onthophagus  species. However, the scaling relationship between the thoracic horn and body size is best explained by a strongly sigmoid model. Only males above a certain body size threshold express a thoracic horn and males smaller than this threshold express no horn at all. We found a significant positive correlation between head and thoracic horn length residuals, contrary to what would be expected if a resource allocation tradeoff during larval development would influence the length of both horn types. Our results suggest that the scaling rela- tionship between body size and horn length, and the developmental regulation underlying these scaling relation- ships, may be quite different for different horns, even though these horns may develop in the same individual. We discuss our results in the context of the developmental biology of secondary sexual traits in beetles.},
	keywords = {allometry, developmental constraint, developmental tradeoff, Onthophagus, scaling},
	author = {Moczek, Armin P. and Bruhl, Carsten and Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
@article {2054,
	title = {A wider range than suspected: new locality for the endemic Mauritian dung beetle Nesosisyphus pygmaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Phelsuma},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {63-64},
	keywords = {Brise Fer, Distribution, dung beetle, Scarabaeidae, sisyphini},
	author = {Motala, Saoud M. and Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
