@article {1332,
	title = {Diversity of dung and carrion beetles in a disturbed Mexican tropical montane cloud forest and on shade coffee plantations},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {601-615},
	abstract = {This paper analyzes the diversity of dung and carrion beetles (Scarabaeinae and Silphidae) in four human-induced habitats of a disturbed tropical montane cloud forest: polyspecific shade coffee plantations, monospecific shade coffee plantations, tropical montane cloud forest fragments, and clear cuts. The four habitats had similar richness, species composition, and assemblage structure of dung and carrion beetles. Differences were found in abundance and biomass levels for the four dominant species in the landscape. Dung beetles were more abundant than carrion beetles, but the biomass was higher for the latter. Carrion beetles were seasonal, while dung beetles were clearly not. When forest fragments and shade coffee plantations were compared to other similar habitats in the region, the same general pattern was observed. However, forests with high disturbance and monospecific shade coffee plantations had lower species richness than forests with low and medium disturbance and polyspecific shade coffee plantations. Thus shade coffee plantations maintain connectivity between patches of cloud forest in a landscape that is strongly affected by human activities. Protecting landscape diversity appears to ensure high species richness.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic change, biodiversity, carrion beetles, dung beetle, fragmentation, modification (biological conservation 2007), shade coffee plantations, tropical montane cloud forest, Veracruz},
	author = {Arellano, Lucrecia and Favila, Mario E and Huerta, Carmen}
}
@article {1339,
	title = {Dung beetle community (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae) in a tropical landscape at the Lachua Region, Guatemala},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {917XYBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {801-822},
	abstract = {Biological diversity conservation within natural reserves has been prioritized, but conservation efforts outside protected areas (where most human activities take place) have been very little considered. In this scenario, an alternative agricultural practice that may reduce the impacts of fragmentation in outer landscapes is a perforation process, which involves conservation in agricultural fields surrounded by continuous forests. Such practices enhance the positive impact of ecological services on fields. In this study we analyzed the biological diversity state in perforation fields and their surrounding forests. The analysis was done using dung beetles as biological indicators. A nested pattern in dung beetles distribution was found, which ordered the surrounding continuous forest sites as the ones with the highest species richness, followed by the perforation fields, and placed the fragmentation practice fields (continuous agricultural fields surrounding forest patches) with the lowest one. Indicator species for perforation fields and surrounding continuous forests were chosen. In general, perforation practice fields differed in composition, based upon functional groups richness and identity; it also contained a higher species richness than the fragmentation practice. Agricultural practices that enhance biological diversity conservation such as perforation, should be recommended and considered in natural resource management by local communities in order to take advantage of ecological services that otherwise may be gradually lost.},
	keywords = {biological diversity, Dung beetles, fragmentation, functional groups, landscape, nestedness, perforation practice},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228503800002},
	author = {Avendano-Mendoza, Carlos and Moron-Rios, Alejandro and Cano, Enio B. and Leon-Cortes, Jorge L.}
}
@article {1357,
	title = {Discriminatory power of different arthropod data sets for the biological monitoring of anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests},
	journal = {Biodiversity And Conservation},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {709-732},
	abstract = {Arthropods were monitored by local parataxonomists at 12 sites of increasing anthropogenic disturbance (old and young secondary forests, savanna and cultivated gardens) at Gamba, Gabon. We report on the discriminatory power of different data sets with regard to the classification of sites along the disturbance gradient, using preliminary data accounting for 13 surveys and 142425 arthropods collected by Malaise, pitfall and yellow-pan traps. We compared the performance of different data sets. These were based upon ordinal, familial and guild composition, or upon 22 target taxa sorted to morphospecies and either considered in toto or grouped within different functional guilds. Finally we evaluated {\textquoteright}predictor sets{\textquoteright} made up of a few families or other target taxa, selected on the basis of their indicator value index. Although the discriminatory power of data sets based on ordinal categories and guilds was low, that of target taxa belonging to chewers, parasitoids and predators was much higher. The data sets that best discriminated among sites of differing degrees of disturbance were the restricted sets of indicator families and target taxa. This validates the concept of predictor sets for species-rich tropical systems. Including or excluding rare taxa in the analyses did not alter these conclusions. We conclude that calibration studies similar to ours are needed elsewhere in the tropics and that this strategy will allow to devise a representative and efficient biotic index for the biological monitoring of terrestrial arthropod assemblages in the tropics.},
	keywords = {assemblages, Australian rain-forest, biodiversity, biotic indexes, communities, diversity, Dung beetles, gabon, guilds, insect herbivores, parataxonomists, predictor sets, rarity, species, taxonomic resolution},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000188005900004 },
	author = {Basset, Yves and Mavoungou, Jacques F. and Mikissa, Jean Bruno and Missa, Olivier and Miller, Scott E. and Kitching, Roger L. and Alonso, Alfonso}
}
@article {1409,
	title = {Estimating the number of species not yet described and their characteristics: the case of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 99Cited References:      *STATS INC, 1999, STATISTICA COMP PROG     AKAIKE H, 1983, B INT STAT I, V50, P277     ALLSOPP PG, 1997, J BIOGEOGR, V24, P717     ANDERSON MJ, 1998, AUST J ECOL, V23, P158     ARNETT RH, 1967, ANN ENTOMOLOGICAL SO, V60, P162     ARNONE M, 1993, NATURALISTA SICILI 4, V17, P271     ARNONE M, 1995, NATURALISTA SICILIAN, V19, P447     BARAUD J, 1992, COLEOPTERES SCARABAE     BARAUD J, 1985, COLEOPTERES SCARABAE     BARROWCLOUGH GF, 1992, SYSTEMATICS ECOLOGY, P1     BENNETT KD, 1991, J BIOGEOGR, V18, P103     BLACKBURN TM, 1995, J BIOGEOGR, V22, P7     BORCARD D, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P1045     CARPANETO GM, 1985, ANIMALIA, V12, P87     CARPANETO GM, 1997, ANN MUSEO CIVICO STO, V91, P511     CARPANETO GM, 1995, BIOGEOGRAPHIA, V18, P441     CARPANETO GM, 1995, COLEOPTERA POLYPHAGA, V5     CARPANETO GM, 1979, FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGI, V15, P111     CARPANETO GM, 1976, FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGI, V12, P255     CARPANETO GM, 1980, LAVORI SOC ITALIANA, V8, P675     CHIKATUNOV V, 1997, KLAPALEKIANA, V33, P37     COPAS JB, 1983, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V45, P311     COTTERILL FPD, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V4, P183     CRAWLEY MJ, 1993, GLIM ECOLOGISTS     DANIEL C, 1980, FITTING EQUATIONS DA     DELLACASA G, 1981, ANN MUSEO CIVICO STO, V83, P443     DELLACASA G, 1992, FRUSTULA ENTOMOLOGIC, V15, P119     DELLACASA G, 1990, FRUSTULA ENTOMOLOGIC, V13, P19     DELLACASA M, 1995, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V74, P159     DELLACASA M, 1991, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V70, P3     DELLACASA M, 1988, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V67, P291     DELLACASA M, 1988, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V66, P1     DELLACASA M, 1988, MEMORIE SOC ITALIANA, V67, P1     DELLACASA M, 1987, NATURALISTA SICILI 4, V11, P1     DERKSEN S, 1992, BRIT J MATH STAT PSY, V45, P265     DIAMOND JM, 1985, NATURE, V315, P538     DOBSON A, 1999, INTRO GEN LINEAR MOD     FLATHER CH, 1996, J BIOGEOGR, V23, P155     FRANK JH, 1979, COLEOPTERISTS B, V33, P133     GASTON KJ, 1994, BIODIV LETT, V2, P16     GASTON KJ, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V4, P119     GASTON KJ, 1996, BIODIVERSITY BIOL NU     GASTON KJ, 1994, BIOL CONSERV, V67, P37     GASTON KJ, 1995, BIOL J LINN SOC, V55, P225     GASTON KJ, 1991, CONSERV BIOL, V5, P283     GASTON KJ, 1991, ECOL ENTOMOL, V16, P505     GASTON KJ, 1993, HYMENOPTERA BIODIVER     GASTON KJ, 1992, NATURE, V356, P281     GASTON KJ, 1993, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V251, P139     HAMMOND P, 1992, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY     HANSKI I, 1983, ACTA ENTOMOL FENN, V42, P36     HANSKI I, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P171     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HEARD SB, 2000, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V267, P613     HEWITT GM, 1996, BIOL J LINN SOC, V58, P247     HEYWOOD VH, 1995, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY     HOLLANDE A, 1998, MONOGRAPH MUSEO REGI, V21     HUGHES JB, 1997, SCIENCE, V278, P689     ILLIES J, 1983, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V28, P391     KRAL D, 1997, ACTA SOC ZOOLOGICAE, V61, P129     KRAL D, 1996, FOLIA HEYROVSKYANA, V4, P49     KRELL FT, 2000, NATURE, V405, P507     LAWTON JH, 1995, EXTINCTION RATES     LEGENDRE P, 1998, NUMERICAL ECOLOGY     LOBO JM, 2000, CAN ENTOMOL, V132, P307     LOBO JM, 1993, ECOL MED, V19, P29     LOBO JM, 1993, EUR J ENTOMOL, V90, P235     LOPEZCOLON JI, 1995, GIORNALE ITALIANO EN, V7, P355     LUMARET JP, 1987, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V24, P1     LUMARET JP, 1996, BIODIVERSITY LETT, V3, P192     LUMARET JP, 1996, COLLECTION PATRIMOIN, V26, P1     LUMARET JP, 1990, INVENTAIRES FAUNE FL, V1, P1     MACKAUER M, 1958, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V37, P46     MACNALLY R, 2000, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V9, P655     MARTINPIERA F, 1992, NOUVELLE REV ENTOMOL, V9, P15     MAY RM, 1988, SCIENCE, V241, P1441     MAYR E, 1993, BIOL SYSTEMATICS STA     MCCULLAGH P, 1989, GEN LINEAR MODELS     MEDELLIN RA, 1999, CONSERV BIOL, V13, P143     MIELKE PW, 1974, WATER RESOUR RES, V10, P223     NETER J, 1985, APPL LINEAR STAT MOD     NICHOLLS AO, 1989, BIOL CONSERV, V50, P51     OBRIEN CW, 1979, COLEOPTERISTS B, V33, P151     PALMER M, 1988, REUNION CIENTIFICA S, V28, P155     PATTERSON BD, 1994, BIODIVERSITY LETT, V2, P79     PATTERSON BD, 2000, DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTI, V6, P145     PITTINO R, 1996, FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGI, V27, P355     PURVIS A, 2000, SCIENCE, V288, P328     QINGHONG L, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V85, P1587     SCHOLTZ CH, 1990, J NAT HIST, V24, P1027     SKIDMORE P, 1991, INSECTS BRIT COW DUN     SOBERON J, 1993, CONSERV BIOL, V7, P480     STEYSKAL GC, 1965, SCIENCE, V149, P880     SUTTON SL, 1991, CONSERVATION INSECTS, P405     TABERLET P, 1998, MOL ECOL, V7, P453     WHITE RE, 1979, COLEOPTERISTS B, V33, P167     WHITE RE, 1975, COLEOPTERISTS B, V29, P281     ZIANI S, 1997, B SOC ENTOMOLOGICA I, V128, P197     ZIANI S, 1997, BIOCOSME MESOGEEN, V14, P1EnglishArticle620EQBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {147-166},
	abstract = {To determine the degree of completion of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species inventory, as well as to ascertain some of the main geographical and morphological characteristics associated with the probability of new species description, the available taxonomic and biogeographic information of the three Scarabaeoidea families that are associated with dung was analyzed. An asymptotic fit of the cumulative number of described species is used to estimate the approximate number of species not yet described. Variation partitioning and hierarchical decomposition techniques were used to explore the influence of body size, geographical range size and geographical location variables on the process of species description. Results indicate that the inventories of Western Palaearctic Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae species are almost complete, but that around 16\% of Aphodiidae species have yet to be described. As the joint effect of geographical distribution and location is the main determinant of the species description rate in this family, it was predicted that new dung beetle species would be found in smaller areas of the southern and eastern Western Palaearctic region. The species body size accounted for a negligible fraction in the variation of the year of description. Both the geographical range size and the geographical location are essential variables negatively correlated with the year of species description, whose pure and combined effect can account for high percentages in the year of description variation (from 41 to 56\%). The location of most of the taxonomic workforce in areas where broader-ranged generalist species prevail in the assemblages is the probable reason for this pattern.},
	keywords = {accumulation functions, body-size, conservation, discovery, diversity, evolutionary history, extinction, geographic location, geographic range size, predi, probability, probability of, regression, species description rate, taxonomy, variation partitioning},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179521400010},
	author = {Cabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1436,
	title = {A comparison of Passalidae (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia) diversity and community structure between primary and secondary tropical forest in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {13},
	number = {7},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PDF},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {1257-1269},
	abstract = {Comparison of the diversity and community structure of Coleoptera (Passalidae) collected in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico, in primary and secondary tropical forest has been carried out. The saproxylophagous beetles studied can be differentiated according to their presence in three distinct microhabitats of rotting logs: underbark, sapwood - heartwood and microhabitat generalists. Over the 2-year study period, 12 passalid species were recorded (six Passalini and six Proculini) represented by a total of 2971 individuals, collected from 234 rotting logs. The rarefaction method, the lognormal species - abundance relationship, and the nonparametric jackknife method were used to compare species richness between the habitats. The data were also fitted to log series, truncated lognormal, geometric, and broken-stick species abundance models to detect changes in community structure. The community composition of Passalidae in Los Tuxtlas did not differ ostensibly between the primary and secondary forests. Neither the mean number of individuals nor the biomass per log differed significantly. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two habitats in terms of the number of underbark, sapwood/heartwood, and microhabitat generalist species. Different richness estimators indicated that the primary forest community is only slightly richer. The slight decrease in richness of the secondary forest is related to a decrease in dominance by certain species, as well as to a more balanced abundance distribution, which is adequately described by the broken-stick model. Complementary explanations for this pattern may be: ( 1) that logging reduces the abundance of dominant species, thus preventing competitive exclusion in the secondary forest; and ( 2) that passalid diversity is not regulated by the diversity of tree species.},
	keywords = {forest change biodiversity dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220213500002},
	author = {Castillo, M. L. and Lobo, J. M.}
}
@article {1749,
	title = {Dung beetle and terrestrial mammal diversity in forests, indigenous agroforestry systems and plantain monocultures in Talamanca, Costa Rica},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {555-585},
	abstract = {In order to explore the importance of indigenous agroforestry systems for biodiversity conservation, we compared the abundance, species richness and diversity of dung beetles and terrestrial mammals across a gradient of different land use types from agricultural monocultures (plantains) to agroforestry systems (cocoa and banana) and forests in the BriBri and Cabecar indigenous reserves in Talamanca, Costa Rica. A total of 132,460 dung beetles of 52 species and 913 tracks of 27 terrestrial mammal species were registered. Dung beetle species richness and diversity were greatest in the forests, intermediate in the agroforestry systems and lowest in the plantain monocultures, while dung beetle abundance was greatest in the plantain monocultures. The number of mammal tracks per plot was significantly higher in forests than in plantain monocultures, whereas mammal species richness was higher in forests than in either cocoa agroforestry systems or plantain monocultures. Species composition of both terrestrial mammals and dung beetles also varied across the different land use types. Our study indicates that indigenous cocoa and banana agroforestry systems maintain an intermediate level of biodiversity (which is less than that of the original forest but significantly greater than that of plantain monocultures) and provide suitable habitat for a number of forest-dependent species. Although the agroforestry systems appear to serve as favorable habitats for many terrestrial mammal species, their potential positive contribution to mammal conservation is being offset by heavy hunting pressure in the reserves. As in other agricultural landscapes, the conservation of biodiversity in Talamanca will depend not only on maintaining the existing forest patches and reducing the conversion of traditional agroforestry systems to monocultures, but also on reducing hunting pressure.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Harvey, C. A. and Gonzalez, J. and Somarriba, E.}
}
@article {1784,
	title = {Dung beetles in pasture landscapes of Central America: proliferation of synanthropogenic species and decline of forest specialists},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {2149-2165},
	author = {Horgan, F. G.}
}
@article {1788,
	title = {Forecasting insect species richness scores in poorly surveyed territories: the case of the Portuguese dung beetles (Col. Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {10},
	number = {8},
	year = {2001},
	note = {457WMBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1343-1367},
	abstract = {Large-scale biodiversity assessment of faunal distribution is needed in poorly sampled areas. In this paper, Scarabaeinae dung beetle species richness in Portugal is forecasted from a model built with a data set from areas identified as well sampled. Generalized linear models are used to relate the number of Scarabaeinae species in each Portuguese UTM 50 x 50 grid square with a set of 25 predictor variables (geographic, topographic, climatic and land cover) extracted from a geographic information system (GIS). Between-squares sampling effort unevenness, spatial autocorrelation of environmental data, non-linear relationships between variables and an assessment of the models{\textquoteright} predictive power, the main shortcomings in geographic species richness modelling, are addressed. This methodological approach has proved to be reliable and accurate enough in estimating species richness distribution, thus providing a tool to identify areas as potential targets for conservation policies in poorly inventoried countries.},
	keywords = {species richness sampling dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000170159900008},
	author = {Hortal, J. and Lobo, J. M. and Martin-Piera, F.}
}
@article {1886,
	title = {Parataxonomy vs. taxonomy in biodiversity studies - pitfalls and applicability of {\textquoteright}morphospecies{\textquoteright} sorting},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	note = {762WVBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {795-812},
	abstract = {Parataxonomic sorting of samples to recognizable taxonomic units (RTUs, morphospecies, morphotypes or, as proposed here: parataxonomic units [PUs]) is generally considered to be a sufficiently reliable and conservative approach in ecological biodiversity studies or conservation biology. It is obviously time-saving because it avoids the burdens of taxonomy. However, evaluations of parataxonomic sorting by taxonomic resorting show many overestimations of species numbers. Hence, RTU sorting is not necessarily conservative. Sorting errors can be more than 100\% (median in the present compilation: 22\%). Even if the cumulative results for diverse groups like beetles have a very low overall error, the error rate in the single families is generally much higher. This pattern is likely to cause severe problems in multivariate analyses. The presumable error rate in sorting does not depend only on the group to be sorted, but also on the sorter and the sample. Therefore, the sorting error is not predictable. Since PUs are generally neither described nor assigned to existing names, the sorting results are difficult to check and it is mostly not revealed why the samples are sorted as they are. Since parataxonomy does not use existing biological knowledge, creates typological units and does not disclose its sorting criteria, inter-subjective testability and falsifiability of the sorting results are more difficult than of taxonomic identifications (or are even impossible). Parataxonomy does not fulfil the criteria of a scientific method, but is propedeutic and can be a heuristically valuable tool to find out patterns in taxonomically neglected groups. However, it is only the first step in sorting and identifying samples in biodiversity studies. PUs are useless for inventories and area selection in conservation evaluation, biogeographical and autecological studies; they provide only uncertain data for studies in species turnover and overlap, but they can be used quite reliably for global comparisons of gross species richness, non- comparative descriptions of species richness of single sites or for comparisons of sites without species overlap. If results of parataxonomic sorting show clear and biologically meaningful patterns, the sorting is likely to be reliable. Weak or no detectable patterns may easily be caused by erroneous sorting.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000188005900009},
	author = {Krell, F. T.}
}
@article {1951,
	title = {Ecosystem disturbances and diversity increase: implications for invertebrate conservation},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {25-42},
	abstract = {Abstract. The Pantanal is one of the faunistic provinces considered as a priority area for inverte- brate conservation. However, it is one of the areas in Brazil where the local fauna is less assessed, thus needing more scientific information that could allow political decisions to be made regarding conservation. The continuous pressure for new pasture areas leads to improper habitat occupation and destruction, like fragmentation of forest areas in the region. Such alterations can cause different impacts on the local fauna, including the soil arthropods. The main objective of this work was to compare the morphospecies composition, diversity and density of the soil arthropod fauna between a secondary single species forest (Cambarazal) and a cultivated pasture with exotic and native grass species, using only pitfall traps as sampling method. We found a great variation on the vegetal cover among environments. A higher humidity in the forest soil was observed, as well as a greater com- paction of the soil in the cultivated pasture. A total of 3635 individuals were collected, belonging to 214 different morphospecies. 139 morphospecies were collected in the forest (37\% exclusive to this environment), while 134 morphospecies were collected in the cultivated pasture (35\% exclusive). The diversity was higher in the forest (H{\textcent} = 1.634) than in the cultivated pasture (H{\textcent} = 1.253). How- ever, considering the area as a whole (forest and pasture) the global diversity was increased. In this paper we discuss about the effects of environmental changes on soil arthropod diversity and propose a hypothetical model for invertebrate management in mosaic ecosystems.},
	keywords = {conservation, diversity, Ecosystem disturbances, Management, Neotropics, pantanal, Soil Arthropods},
	author = {Loyola, Rafael Dias and Brito, Sofia-Luiza and Lopes Ferreira, Rodrigo}
}
@article {1968,
	title = {Habitat specificity and variation of coleopteran assemblages between habitats in a southern african (Swaziland) agricultural landscape},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {15},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {453-463},
	abstract = {Assessment of Coleopteran diversity and abundance was carried out in the lowveld region of Swaziland by pitfall trapping in five distinct habitats. Additionally, the study was to ascertain if any of the families collected illustrated habitat fidelity. 18 coleopteran families, comprising 2903 individuals were collected, with an additional 29 unidentified specimens, totalling 2932 beetles. Numerically, the top five families were the Scarabaeidae (2425), Carabidae (211), Tenebrionidae (149), Nitidulidae (37) and Curculionidae (22). 66.6\% of all specimens collected were harboured within the pine windbreak while the lowest number (2.6\%) was collected from the mature citrus orchard. The highest proportion (77\%) of scarabaeid beetles collected occurred within the pine windbreak. Habitat specificity was illustrated by one family, Meloidae, which was found only in the young orchard. Community analysis was further carried out to ascertain distribution patterns of the dominant coleopteran families. Three scarabaeid species were found only in the pine windbreak while three carabid species occurred only in the indigenous savanna. Significant differences between habitats were observed in the number of beetles collected while no significant differences were observed in terms of the number of families observed in each habitat (p < 0.05). Results indicate that conservation of the various habitat patches within the mosaic studied could facilitate conservation of whole communities rather than individual species thus facilitating effective conservation of the agricultural landscape.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Magagula, C. N.}
}
@article {1592,
	title = {Dung beetles in continous forest, forest fragments and in an agricultural mosiac habitat island at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {1903-1918},
	keywords = {conservation, dung beetle, fragmentation, Los Tuxtlas, mammal mammals, Mexico, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {1680,
	title = {The diversity of soil communities, the {\textquoteright}poor man{\textquoteright}s tropical rainforest{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Times Cited: 46Cited Reference Count: 125Cited References:      ABBOTT I, 1980, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V12, P455     ANDERSON JM, 1978, J ANIM ECOL, V47, P787     ANDERSON JM, 1978, OECOLOGIA, V32, P341     ANDERSON JM, 1974, OECOLOGIA BERLIN, V14, P111     ANDERSON JM, 1975, PROGR SOIL ZOOLOGY, P51     ARNETT RH, 1990, SYSTEMATICS N AM INS, P165     ASKIDIS MD, 1991, PEDOBIOL, V35, P53     BAATH E, 1980, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V20, P85     BEHANPELLETIER VM, 1992, CAN BIODIV, V2, P5     BEHANPELLETIER VM, 1993, MEM ENTOMOL SOC CAN, V165, P11     BEHANPELLETIER VM, 1983, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V20, P221     BERNARD EC, 1992, BIOL FERT SOILS, V14, P99     BLACKITH RE, 1975, P R IR ACAD B, V75, P345     BONGERS T, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V83, P14     BROCKIE RE, 1986, OECOLOGIA, V70, P24     BROWN JH, 1988, ANAL BIOGEOGRAPHY IN, P57     CLARKE RD, 1968, ECOLOGY, V49, P1152     CONNELL JH, 1978, SCIENCE, V199, P1302     CORNELL HV, 1992, J ANIM ECOL, V61, P1     CULVER DC, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P974     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P97     PETERSEN H, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P295     PETERSEN H, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P306     PETERSEN H, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P330     PIANKA ER, 1978, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY     PRIMACK RB, 1992, BIOSCIENCE, V42, P818     PROCTER DLC, 1990, J NEMATOL, V22, P1     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V32, P80     SCHAEFER M, 1990, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V34, P299     SCHOENER TW, 1983, AM NAT, V122, P240     SCHOENER TW, 1974, SCIENCE, V185, P27     SHORROCKS B, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P29     SIEPEL H, 1990, BIOL FERT SOILS, V9, P139     SILVA SI, 1989, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V33, P333     SMITH VR, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V85, P14     SPARKES K, 1982, THESIS U YORK UK     STANTON NL, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P295     STEVENS GC, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P240     SUGIHARA G, 1990, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V5, P79     TEUBEN A, 1992, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V36, P79     THOMAS RH, 1988, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V31, P113     TRUMBO ST, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P347     USHER MB, 1975, BIOTROPICA, V7, P217     USHER MB, 1977, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V5, P151     USHER MB, 1982, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V23, P126     USHER MB, 1979, POPULATION DYNAMICS, P359     USHER MB, 1988, REV ZOOL AFR, V102, P285     USHER MB, 1976, ROLE TERRESTRIAL AQU, P61     USHER MB, 1985, SPEC PUBL BRIT ECOL, V4, P243     VEGTER JJ, 1983, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V25, P253     VILLALOBOS FJ, 1990, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V27, P73     WEIL R, 1979, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V11, P666     WHITFORD WG, 1992, GLOBAL WARMING BIOL, P124     WILLIAMSON M, 1988, ANAL BIOGEOGRAPHY, P91     WILSON DS, 1984, ECOL ENTOMOL, V9, P205     WILSON EO, 1992, DIVERSITY LIFE     WOLDA H, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P69     WOOD TG, 1976, ROLE TERRESTRIAL AQU, P145     YEATES GW, 1987, BIOL FERT SOILS, V5, P225EnglishReviewTW705BIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {135-168},
	abstract = {This paper reviews the various factors that facilitate the high biodiversity of soil communities, concentrating on soil animals. It considers the problems facing soil ecologists in the study of soil communities and identifies the important role such communities play in terrestrial ecosystems. The review also considers diversity and abundance patterns. A range of factors are identified that may contribute to the biodiversity of soil and their role is reviewed. These include diversity of food resources and trophic specialization, habitat favourableness, habitat heterogeneity in space and time, scale and spatial extent of the habitat, niche dynamics and resource partitioning, productivity, disturbance and aggregation. Biodiversity of soil organisms appears high, largely attributable to the nested set of ecological worlds in the soil - the relationship between the range of size groupings of soil organisms relative to the spatial heterogeneity perceived by these various groups - that provide a large {\textquoteright}area for life{\textquoteright} for the micro- and mesofauna. The role of aggregation and how it relates to the spatial scale under consideration and to species interactions amongst soil animals is largely unknown at present. The role of disturbance is equivocal and man{\textquoteright}s activities more often than not seem to lead to a reduced biodiversity of soil communities. This paper also identifies areas where further work is desirable to improve our understanding of the structure and functioning of soil communities.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, burying beetles silphidae, coexistence, community ecology, competition, composition, Disturbance, Dung, ecological communities, forest, heterogeneity, maturity index, resource partitioning, soil communities, species, succe, temporal patterns},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TW70500002},
	author = {Giller, P. S.}
}
@article {2150,
	title = {Game and cattle trampling, and impacts of human dwellings on arthropods at a game park boundary},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {1545-1556},
	abstract = {Seven grassland sites were sampled at South Africa{\textquoteright}s Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Park boundary with the surrounding land, to assess changes in arthropod diversity in response to land use. Epigaeic arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps and a sweep net. In all, 262 morphospecies were collected, but this is an underestimate of total local species richness. Fifty percent of the species caught were single occurrences. The number of species, families and orders represented at each of the seven sites was not significantly different, but the number of individuals was significantly different. Between-site comparisons, using multivariate statistics, did not reveal any strong site groupings, with all sites being unique. The conclusion is that the reserve boundary does not significantly divide arthropod diversity on a simple inside-versus-outside basis. A major factor influencing the arthropod assemblages was intensity of land use. Indigenous game animals and domestic cattle had the same effect, and it was the intensity of trampling that was important rather than the type of trampling. Human settlements had a major impoverishing effect. The Coleoptera families, Cicindelidae, Staphylindae and Carabidae, were particularly sensitive indicator taxa of land use. Scarabaeidae species were the only group that were severely affected by the fence boundary, simply because their food source, the faeces of large native mammals, was inside, leaving them without resources outside the reserve.},
	keywords = {arthropods, boundary., Game Park, impacts, south africa, trampling},
	author = {Rivers-Moore, N. A. and Samways, M. J.}
}
@article {2201,
	title = {Changes of dung beetle communities from rainforests towards agroforestry systems and annual cultures in Sulawesi (Indonesia)},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {917XYBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {863-877},
	abstract = {Little is known about how tropical land-use systems contribute to the conservation of functionally important insect groups, including dung beetles. In a study at the margin of Lore Lindu National Park (a biodiversity hotspot in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia) dung-beetle communities were sampled in natural forest, young secondary forest, agroforestry systems (cacao plantations with shade trees) and annual cultures (maize fields), each with four replicates (n = 16 sites). At each site we used 10 pitfall traps, baited with cattle dung, along a 100 m transect for six 3-day periods. The number of trapped specimens and species richness at the natural forest sites was higher than in all land-use systems, which did not significantly differ. Each land-use system contained, on average, 75\% of the species richness of the natural forest, thereby indicating their importance for conservation. However, a two-dimensional scaling plot based on NESS indices (m = 6) indicated distinct dung beetle communities for both forest types, while agroforestry systems and annual cultures exhibited a pronounced overlap. Mean body size of dung beetles was not significantly influenced by land-use intensity. Five of the six most abundant dung beetle species were recorded in all habitats, whereas the abundance of five other species was significantly related to habitat type. Mean local abundance and number of occupied sites were closely correlated, further indicating little habitat specialisation. The low dung beetle diversity (total of 18 recorded species) may be due to the absence of larger mammals in Sulawesi during historical times, even though Sulawesi is the largest island of Wallacea. In conclusion, the dung beetle fauna of the lower montane forest zone in Central Sulawesi appears to be relatively robust to man-made habitat changes and the majority of species did not exhibit strong habitat preferences.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228503800006},
	author = {Shahabuddin, and Schulze, C. H. and Tscharntke, T.}
}
@article {2212,
	title = {Plants, insects and birds in semi-natural pastures in relation to local habitat and landscape factors},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {10},
	number = {11},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1839-1863},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {S{\"o}derstr{\"o}m, B. and Svensson, B. and Vessby, K. and Glimskar, A.}
}
@article {2271,
	title = {Conservation strategy of a nature reserve in Mediterranean ecosystems: the effects of protection from grazing on biodiversity},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2000},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {1707-1721},
	keywords = {Dung beetles, endemicity, endemism, impact, invertebrate conservation mammals, Management, vascular plants},
	author = {Verdu, Jose and Crespo, Manuel and Galante, E.}
}
@article {2320,
	title = {An evaluation of the gradsect biological survey method},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {7},
	number = {8},
	year = {1998},
	note = {158RKBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1093-1121},
	abstract = {Biological surveys are necessary to gather species distribution data for the identification of priority conservation areas. The rationale of the gradsect method is that sampling (transects) oriented along the steepest environmental gradient should detect the maximum number of species in an area. The efficiency of the gradsect survey method was evaluated by comparing it to random, systematic and habitat-specific survey methods, during faunal held surveys (target groups: birds and dung beetles). Three gradsects were positioned within the study area to follow the major physiographical characteristics, incorporate all environmental strata (land facets) and yet be as logistically convenient as possible. The efficiency of survey methods was expressed as the number of species recorded per sampling unit effort and illustrated using bootstrap estimations to plot species accumulation curves. The gradsect method proved to be as efficient as the habitat-specific survey method and consistently more efficient than the systematic and random surveys for both taxa sampled. The present study therefore illustrates that the gradsect survey method provides a cost- effective and swift representative sample of regional fauna. Moreover, the results indicate that land-form sequences, specifically {\textquoteright}land facets{\textquoteright}, are useful surrogates when sampling environmental diversity where distinct environmental gradients such as altitude and rainfall are absent.},
	keywords = {ecological data analysis},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000078129800007},
	author = {Wessels, K. J. and Van Jaarsveld, A. S. and Grimbeek, J. D. and Van der Linde, M. J.}
}
@article {2359,
	title = {Effects of a hydropower plant on Coleopteran diversity and abundance in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {13},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {806CKBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1453-1464},
	abstract = {The effects of river flow diversion on biodiversity were assessed using Coleoptera as an indicator group in three habitats of the Kihansi Gorge (Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania), before and after commissioning of a hydropower plant. Data collected using sweep netting and pitfall traps showed that the effect of diversion of the river flow was site-specific, affecting particularly the spray habitat. Rarefaction analysis of both sweep netting and pitfall samples indicated that the expected richness of Coleoptera declined significantly in all habitats after commissioning of the power plant. Sweep netting and pitfall samples showed that the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index value before the diversion of the river flow was in the spray zone, but the index value decreased after diversion. Changes in the other two habitats were less prominent. Analysis of variance using diversity index values from five pitfall samples in each habitat type before and after commissioning indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the diversity index between the two sampling periods or among the three habitat types. Renkonen{\textquoteright}s similarity index between habitats showed that pitfall samples had higher similarity (greater than or equal to87\%) than did samples from sweep netting (less than or equal to69\%). It is suggested that for mitigation purposes, artificial spray systems, which have been installed in other wetlands of the Kihansi Gorge, also be installed to cover the whole Lower Wetland in which this study was undertaken. In order to maintain overall biodiversity in the Kihansi Gorge, it is suggested that the ecosystem conservation approach be prioritised.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220411800003},
	author = {Zilihona, I. J. E. and Niemela, J. and Nummelin, M.}
}
