@article {1301,
	title = {Dung consumption of Scarabaeus cristatus  from Kuwait},
	journal = {Zoology in the Middle East},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have copy- need to scan},
	pages = {71-74},
	keywords = {dung beetle, dung preference, food resources mammals, mammal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Al-Houty, W and Al-Musalam, F}
}
@article {1448,
	title = {Dinosaurs, dung beetles, and conifers: Participants in a Cretaceous food web},
	journal = {Palaios},
	volume = {11},
	number = {3},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Times Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 36Cited References:      ARNOLDI LV, 1991, MESOZOIC COLEOPTERA     BELAND P, 1978, CAN J EARTH SCI, V15, P1012     BRADLEY WH, 1946, AM J SCI, V244, P215     BURNHAM RJ, 1993, TAPHONOMIC APPROACHE, P57     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P22     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P156     CHIN K, 1990, J VERTEBRATE PALE S3, V10, PA17     CROWSON RA, 1981, BIOL COLEOPTERA     FIORILLO AR, 1990, J VERTEBR PALEONTOL, V10, PA22     FIORILLO AR, 1991, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V88, P157     FRENGUELLI J, 1939, NOTAS MUSEO PLATA, V4, P379     GASTALDO RA, 1992, PALAIOS, V7, P574     GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V12     HALFFTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P305     HANSKI I, 1987, NUTR ECOLOGY INSECTS, P837     HANTZSCHEL W, 1968, MEMOIR GEOLOGICAL SO, V108     HILDEBRAND SF, 1930, SMITHSONIAN SCI SERI     HOOKER JS, 1987, GEOL SOC AM ABSTR, V19, P284     HORNER JR, 1988, NATURE, V332, P256     HORNER JR, 1982, NATURE, V297, P675     HORNER JR, 1979, NATURE, V282, P296     HUBBARD HG, 1894, INSECT LIFE, V6, P302     KINGSTON TJ, 1977, J ZOOLOGY LONDON, V181, P243     LORENZ JC, 1984, MONT GEOL SOC 1984 F, P175     PUTMAN RJ, 1983, STUDIES BIOL, V156     RETALLACK GJ, 1990, EVOLUTIONARY PALEOBI, P214     RETALLACK GJ, 1984, J PALEONTOL, V58, P571     ROGERS RR, 1993, CAN J EARTH SCI, V30, P1066     ROGERS RR, 1992, J VERTEBR PALEONTOL, V12, P528     ROGERS RR, 1990, PALAIOS, V5, P394     ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230     VANDERWALL SB, 1990, FOOD HOARDING ANIMAL     WING SL, 1992, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTE, P326     YOUNG OP, 1981, COLEOPTERISTS B, V35, P345EnglishArticleVC394PALAIOS},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {280-285},
	abstract = {Late Cretaceous trace fossils from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana are interpreted as herbivorous dinosaur feces reworked by scarabaeine dung beetles. These irregular blocks of comminuted plant material occur in isolated patches in fluvial flood plain sediments near dinosaur bone beds and nesting grounds. Numerous burrows in and around the specimens indicate significant invertebrate activity which suggests intense competition for a rich food resource. Some of the burrows are backfilled with organic matter that had been. translocated from the organic mass (during pat) into the adjacent sediment. Paracoprid dung beetles are the only extant organisms known to make similar caches. These unique ichnofossils provide evidence for commensal interactions between dung beetles, herbivorous dinosaurs, and conifers. This find also reveals a pathway through which fecal resources were recycled and suggests that scarabs evolved coprophagy through association with dinosaurs.},
	keywords = {ornithischian dinosaurs, park},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VC39400007},
	author = {Chin, K. and Gill, B. D.}
}
@article {1476,
	title = {Dung beetles collected from Rafflesia pricei Meijer at the Tambunan Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia},
	journal = {Malayan Nature Journal },
	volume = {50},
	year = {1996},
	note = {julio has hard copy to scanthey found two onthophagus species on the flower, but have no evidence to say that they actual play a role in the pollination ecology of the flowe...},
	pages = {39-41},
	abstract = {Two species of dung beetle were collected from decaying Rafflesin pricei Meijer in Sabah, East Malaysia. The beetles were identified as being saprophagous in habit, and . related to two species known to occur in lowland dipterocarp rainforest. The biological significance of this occurrence is examined.},
	keywords = {annotated, asia, dung beetle, ecological function, malaysia, pollination},
	author = {Davis, A. J. and Lantoh, S.}
}
@article {1490,
	title = {Community organization of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): differences in body size and functional group structure between habitats},
	journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {258-275},
	keywords = {body size, community composition, functional group, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1491,
	title = {Seasonal dung beetle activity and dung dispersal in selected South African habitats: implications for pasture improvement in Australia},
	journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {157-169},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1492,
	title = {Diel and seasonal community dynamics in an assemblage of coprophagous, Afrotropical, dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae s. str., Aphodiidae, and Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae)},
	journal = {Journal of African Zoology},
	volume = {110},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {290-308},
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, community, Diel, Dung, Seasonal},
	author = {Davis, Adrian L. V.}
}
@article {1493,
	title = {Habitat associations in a South African, summer rainfall, dung beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae)},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {40},
	number = {3},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {260-280},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, community, Dung, habitat, histeridae, hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, staphylinidae},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1494,
	title = {Methods for the inventory and ecological monitoring of dung beetles, butterflies and termites in the East Usambaras},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Ecological Monitoring for Biodiversity in the East Usambaras (July 8-13, 1996)},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {35-46},
	author = {Davis, Adrian L. V.}
}
@article {1511,
	title = {Insetos asociados a fezes de bovinos na regiao de Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo},
	journal = {Ciencia Agronomica},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {39-47},
	abstract = {The entomofauna emergent assodated to bovine dung was measured from January 1990 through December 1992} in São Carlos (SP) county} State of São Paulo} BrazzJ Feces were put close to lhe dairy barn during 24 h every 14 days. Fece samples were placed into an oven at 26{\textdegree}C to allow imago emergente. Insects colected were from lhe followzngfamilies: Muscidae (10 spedes: Cyrtoneurina rescita) Brontaea debilis, Morellia bipucta} M. humeralis} Pyrellia sp.} Synthsiomyia sp.} Neomuscina sp.} Graphomyia sp.} Sarcopromusca pruna} Musca domestica)} Sarcophagzdae (6 species: Oxysarcodexia thornax) O. paulistanensis} Ravinia belforti} Sacophagula sp.} Bercea haemorrhoidalis, Hybopygia terminalis)} Fanniidae (3 spedes: Fannia yenhedi) F. pusio e Fannia sp.)} S epsidae (4 specz{\textquoteright}es: Palaeosepsis scabra) P. furcata} P. insularis e P. pusio). The following coprophagous beetles were observed: Dichotomius anaglipticus} Aphodius pseudolividus} Aphodius spp.} Eurysternus spp.} Ataenius sculptor} Ataenius spp.} Ontherus appendiculatus} Onthophagus hirculus} Onthophagus spp.} Trichillum externepunctatum} Isocropris spp. },
	keywords = {bovine excrement, Entomofauna, manure fauna},
	author = {de Oliveira, Gilson P. and da Silva, Andrea Leme and Mendes, Julio and Tavares, Leslie N. J.}
}
@article {1525,
	title = {Insects in fragmented forests: A functional approach},
	journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
	volume = {11},
	number = {6},
	year = {1996},
	note = {UL788TREND ECOL EVOLUT},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {255-260},
	abstract = {Insects are highly susceptible to the adverse effects of forest fragmentation. It is now beyond any doubt that fragmentation- induced changes in abundance and species richness occur in many insect groups. However, the study of insects in fragmented forests is still in its infancy and lacks real direction. Simple empirical studies are not answering the questions we most want to answer about fragmented systems. Are we in the midst of a mass-extinction crisis? What is the functional significance of the immense insect biodiversity? Does biodiversity loss affect ecosystem functioning? A more focused, functional approach to the study of forest fragmentation is required to move beyond the description of pattern and to determine how changes in insect communities affect ecosystem processes in fragmented forests.},
	keywords = {forest change biodiversity dung beetles forest function},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996UL78800015},
	author = {Didham, R. K. and Ghazoul, J. and Stork, N. E. and Davis, A. J.}
}
@article {1718,
	title = {Parental care and offspring survival in Copris incertus Say, a sub-social beetle},
	journal = {Animal Behavior},
	volume = {52},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {133-139},
	abstract = {The effects of the lack of maternal care on offspring survival of the sub-social beetle Copris incertus Say (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) were tested experimentally by excluding the female and determining the most vulnerable stage of development. Time budget studies were also conducted to determine the amount used by 10 females during the whole cycle from the making of the nest to the emergence of adults. A Kruskal{\textendash}Wallis test and the subsequent non-parametric multiple comparisons showed a significant difference in survival between nests cared for by the mother and nests where the mother was excluded. Key-factor analysis showed that the absence of parental care affected offspring survival in the transition from the pupal to adult stage. Time budget studies indicated that, whether active or inactive, females were in direct association with the brood balls. Balls that received no care (in experimental exclusions or where the female abandoned the nest) were invaded by the fungi Metarrhizium anisoplae and Cephalosporium sp., which covered the surface and the inner part of the ball, considerably affecting pupal survivorship. Results show that sub-social care increases the probability of juveniles reaching adulthood. },
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Huerta, Carmen and Lopez-Portillo, Jorge}
}
@article {1758,
	title = {Dung decomposition and pedoturbation in a seasonally dry tropical pasture},
	journal = {Biology and Fertility of Soils},
	volume = {23},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have copy},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {177-181},
	keywords = {Australia, beetles scarabaeidae, burial, cattle dung, decomposition, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, FIELD, fly, insect, parasite, pedoturbation, productivity, soil restoration, SURVIVAL, termites, tropical pastures},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VM70800014},
	author = {Herrick, J. E. and Lal, R.}
}
@article {1760,
	title = {Trophic selection of some Iberian Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptea: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Elytron},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1996},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {89-105},
	keywords = {mammals},
	author = {Hidalgo, Juan M. and Cardenas, Ana M.}
}
@article {1761,
	title = {Habitat specificity and food preferences of an assemblage of tropical Australian dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	note = {need a copy},
	pages = {449-460},
	keywords = {beta diversity, dung beetle, habitat, mammal mammals, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Christopher J. Hill}
}
@article {1767,
	title = {Oviposition of the dung beetle Aphodius ater in relation to the abundance of yellow dungfly larvae (Scataphaga sterocoraria)},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1996},
	note = {requested disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	pages = {352-357},
	keywords = {competition, Dung beetles, flies dung beetle},
	author = {Hirschberger, P and Degro, H}
}
@article {1920,
	title = {Diversity, biogeographical considerations and spatial structure of a recently invaded dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) community in the Chihuahuan desert},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters},
	volume = {5},
	number = {6},
	year = {1996},
	note = {1996Research ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {342-352},
	abstract = {Analysis of the faunal composition and diversity of Mapimi dung beetle communities indicates that, while much poorer than those near the edges of the Chihuahuan desert, they may possibly have been even more so in the recent past, since at least four of the six captured species were introduced recently into North America. While their overall diversity and composition appear explicable in terms of historic and topographic factors, the regional variation in these communities between sample sites is argued to be a function of the interplay of the environmental requirements of the species and the quantity and quality of trophic resources available.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biogeography- (Population-Studies), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-), Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Mexico- (North-America, Nearctic-, Physiology-},
	author = {Lobo, J. M.}
}
@mastersthesis {1941,
	title = {Distribuici{\'o}n y diversidad de escarabajos copr{\'o}fagos (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) en tres relictos de bosque altoandino (Cordillera Oriental, Vertiente Occidental), Colombia.},
	year = {1996},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {123},
	school = {Pontificia Universidad Javeriana},
	type = {Tesis de Grado},
	address = {Bogot{\'a}. Colombia.},
	keywords = {Colombia, Disturbance, dung beetle, fragmentation, moist tropical forest, scarabaeinae (biological conservation 2007)},
	author = {Lopera, A.}
}
@article {1945,
	title = {Oocyte resorption in Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a review},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {50},
	number = {3},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {251-268},
	author = {Lopez-Guerrero, Yrma}
}
@article {1955,
	title = {Geographic distribution of endemic dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) in the Western Palaeartic region},
	journal = {Biodiversity Letters},
	volume = {3},
	number = {6},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {192-199},
	abstract = {The distribution of endemic dung beetle species has been analysed in the West Palaearctic region (547spp.). These species are concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin or in the neighbouring regions, with two main centres of endemism located on opposite sides of thls Basin. The centres of endemism and the degree of endemicity were very different according to the three main dung beetle families. The possible explanation of these patterns has been examined.},
	keywords = {centres of endemism, COLEOPTERA, Dung beetles, endemic species distributions., Mediterranean region, Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1977,
	title = {A comparative discussion of trophic preferences in dung beetle communities},
	journal = {Miscellania Zoologica Barcelona},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	note = {requested 1/6},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {13-31},
	abstract = {Available information on trophic preferences of dung beetles (Scarabaeoidea) in different biogeographic regions is reviewed. Trophic resource partitioning in a dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) community in the "Parque Nacional de Donana", Spain, was also studied, using nine different kinds of wild and domestic vertebrate excrement as trap bait. Undifferentiated attraction to human and herbivore faeces was noted. Human and domestic ungulate faeces was colonized by a richer fauna than that of wild herbivores, which was not the specialized trophic adaptation of any species. Although polyphagy is the most common feeding behaviour, the excrement of carnivores and other omnivores was hardly colonized. This pattern differs from that of other biogeographic regions. Negligible importance of the trophic dimension on the structure of these communities may be due to the early presence of man in the Palaearctic Region. Nevertheless, human interference alone cannot have led to an absence of true polyphagy (undifferentiated attraction to all kinds of faeces). Further research is suggested, aimed at determining whether observed resource partitioning in dung beetles communities is a consequence of human colonization or is a pre-Neolithic evolutionary event.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Behavior-, Chordata-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Digestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation), dung-beetles (Coleo, Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Hominidae-: Primates-, Invertebrata-, Mammalia-, Nutrition-, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Martin-Piera, F. and Lobo, J. M.}
}
@article {1601,
	title = {Canthon cyanellus cyanellus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) makes a nest in the field with several brood balls},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {50},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {52-60},
	author = {Favila, Mario E and Diaz, Alfonso}
}
@article {1677,
	title = {Biodiversity loss and ecosystem function in tropical forests - Reply},
	journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
	volume = {11},
	number = {10},
	year = {1996},
	note = {VK115TREND ECOL EVOLUT},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {432-432},
	keywords = {dung beetles forest function},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VK11500016},
	author = {Ghazoul, J. and Didham, R. K.}
}
@article {1680,
	title = {The diversity of soil communities, the {\textquoteright}poor man{\textquoteright}s tropical rainforest{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Times Cited: 46Cited Reference Count: 125Cited References:      ABBOTT I, 1980, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V12, P455     ANDERSON JM, 1978, J ANIM ECOL, V47, P787     ANDERSON JM, 1978, OECOLOGIA, V32, P341     ANDERSON JM, 1974, OECOLOGIA BERLIN, V14, P111     ANDERSON JM, 1975, PROGR SOIL ZOOLOGY, P51     ARNETT RH, 1990, SYSTEMATICS N AM INS, P165     ASKIDIS MD, 1991, PEDOBIOL, V35, P53     BAATH E, 1980, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V20, P85     BEHANPELLETIER VM, 1992, CAN BIODIV, V2, P5     BEHANPELLETIER VM, 1993, MEM ENTOMOL SOC CAN, V165, P11     BEHANPELLETIER VM, 1983, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V20, P221     BERNARD EC, 1992, BIOL FERT SOILS, V14, P99     BLACKITH RE, 1975, P R IR ACAD B, V75, P345     BONGERS T, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V83, P14     BROCKIE RE, 1986, OECOLOGIA, V70, P24     BROWN JH, 1988, ANAL BIOGEOGRAPHY IN, P57     CLARKE RD, 1968, ECOLOGY, V49, P1152     CONNELL JH, 1978, SCIENCE, V199, P1302     CORNELL HV, 1992, J ANIM ECOL, V61, P1     CULVER DC, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P974     CURRIE DJ, 1991, AM NAT, V137, P27     CURRY JP, 1978, SCI P R DUBLIN SOC A, V6, P131     DANGERFIELD JM, 1990, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V34, P141     DAVID J, 1993, PEDOBIOL, V27, P49     DAVIDSON DW, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P500     DEGOEDE RGM, 1994, APPL SOIL ECOL, V1, P29     DEGOEDE RGM, 1993, FUND APPL NEMATOL, V16, P501     DENNISON DF, 1984, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V26, P45     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     DOUBE BM, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P371     DOUBE BM, 1988, ECOL ENTOMOL, V13, P251     DOUBE BM, 1986, MIS PUB ENT SOC AM, V61, P132     DOUBE BM, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P255     ETTEMA CH, 1993, BIOL FERT SOILS, V16, P79     FENCHEL T, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P281     FRECKMAN DW, 1993, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V45, P239     GASTON K, 1994, RARITY     GHILAROV MS, 1977, ECOL B STOCKHOLM, V25, P593     GILLER PS, 1984, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE     GILLER PS, 1994, J ANIM ECOL, V63, P629     GILLER PS, 1989, J ANIM ECOL, V58, P129     GILLER PS, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P519     GITTINGS T, 1994, THESIS NATIONAL U IR     GRASSLE JF, 1994, AQUATIC ECOLOGY SCAL, P499     GREENSLADE P, 1980, 7TH P INT SOIL ZOOL, P491     HAGVAR S, 1990, BIOL FERT SOILS, V9, P178     HAGVAR S, 1982, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V24, P255     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P5     HANSKI I, 1987, ECOL ENTOMOL, V12, P257     HAYES AJ, 1966, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V6, P281     HERMOSILLA W, 1982, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V19, P225     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOUSE GJ, 1989, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V18, P302     HUHTA V, 1979, ANN ZOOL FENN, V16, P223     HUSTON MA, 1994, BIOL DIVERSITY COEXI     HUTCHINSON GE, 1961, AM NAT, V95, P137     HUTCHINSON GE, 1953, P ACAD NAT SCI PHILA, V105, P1     IRMLER U, 1979, OECOLOGIA, V43, P1     IVES AR, 1988, ANN ZOOL FENN, V25, P75     IVES AR, 1991, ECOL MONOGR, V61, P75     JACKSON RM, 1966, STUDIES BIOL, V2     KACZMAREK M, 1975, EKOL POLSKA, V23, P265     KING KL, 1976, J APPL ECOL, V13, P731     KNEIDEL KA, 1984, AM MIDL NAT, V111, P57     KRISHNAMOORTHY R, 1985, J SOIL BIOL ECOL, V5, P33     LAVELLE P, 1989, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V33, P283     LEADLEYBROWN A, 1978, ECOLOGY SOIL ORG     LEBRUN P, 1979, RECENT ADV ACAROLOGY, V1, P603     LEVINGS SC, 1983, ECOL MONOGR, V53, P435     LEVINS R, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P765     LONGSTAFF BC, 1976, CAN J ZOOL, V54, P948     LUXTON M, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P293     LUXTON M, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P340     LYNCH JF, 1988, AM MIDL NAT, V119, P31     LYNCH JF, 1980, ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOG, V5, P353     MANDELBROT BB, 1983, FRACTAL GEOMETRY NAT     MARSHALL V, 1982, B ENT SOC CAN S, V14     MAY RM, 1974, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V5, P297     MEHLHOP P, 1983, ECOL ENTOMOL, V8, P69     MILLS JT, 1971, J ECON ENTOMOL, V64, P398     NEHER DA, 1994, APPL SOIL ECOL, V1, P17     NESTEL D, 1993, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V2, P70     PAINE RT, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P5     PARMELEE RW, 1993, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V12, P1477     PARR TW, 1980, THESIS U YORK UK     PETERSEN H, 1971, ENTOMOLOGISKE MEDDEL, V39, P97     PETERSEN H, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P295     PETERSEN H, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P306     PETERSEN H, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P330     PIANKA ER, 1978, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY     PRIMACK RB, 1992, BIOSCIENCE, V42, P818     PROCTER DLC, 1990, J NEMATOL, V22, P1     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V32, P80     SCHAEFER M, 1990, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V34, P299     SCHOENER TW, 1983, AM NAT, V122, P240     SCHOENER TW, 1974, SCIENCE, V185, P27     SHORROCKS B, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P29     SIEPEL H, 1990, BIOL FERT SOILS, V9, P139     SILVA SI, 1989, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V33, P333     SMITH VR, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V85, P14     SPARKES K, 1982, THESIS U YORK UK     STANTON NL, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P295     STEVENS GC, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P240     SUGIHARA G, 1990, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V5, P79     TEUBEN A, 1992, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V36, P79     THOMAS RH, 1988, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V31, P113     TRUMBO ST, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P347     USHER MB, 1975, BIOTROPICA, V7, P217     USHER MB, 1977, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V5, P151     USHER MB, 1982, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V23, P126     USHER MB, 1979, POPULATION DYNAMICS, P359     USHER MB, 1988, REV ZOOL AFR, V102, P285     USHER MB, 1976, ROLE TERRESTRIAL AQU, P61     USHER MB, 1985, SPEC PUBL BRIT ECOL, V4, P243     VEGTER JJ, 1983, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V25, P253     VILLALOBOS FJ, 1990, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V27, P73     WEIL R, 1979, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V11, P666     WHITFORD WG, 1992, GLOBAL WARMING BIOL, P124     WILLIAMSON M, 1988, ANAL BIOGEOGRAPHY, P91     WILSON DS, 1984, ECOL ENTOMOL, V9, P205     WILSON EO, 1992, DIVERSITY LIFE     WOLDA H, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P69     WOOD TG, 1976, ROLE TERRESTRIAL AQU, P145     YEATES GW, 1987, BIOL FERT SOILS, V5, P225EnglishReviewTW705BIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {135-168},
	abstract = {This paper reviews the various factors that facilitate the high biodiversity of soil communities, concentrating on soil animals. It considers the problems facing soil ecologists in the study of soil communities and identifies the important role such communities play in terrestrial ecosystems. The review also considers diversity and abundance patterns. A range of factors are identified that may contribute to the biodiversity of soil and their role is reviewed. These include diversity of food resources and trophic specialization, habitat favourableness, habitat heterogeneity in space and time, scale and spatial extent of the habitat, niche dynamics and resource partitioning, productivity, disturbance and aggregation. Biodiversity of soil organisms appears high, largely attributable to the nested set of ecological worlds in the soil - the relationship between the range of size groupings of soil organisms relative to the spatial heterogeneity perceived by these various groups - that provide a large {\textquoteright}area for life{\textquoteright} for the micro- and mesofauna. The role of aggregation and how it relates to the spatial scale under consideration and to species interactions amongst soil animals is largely unknown at present. The role of disturbance is equivocal and man{\textquoteright}s activities more often than not seem to lead to a reduced biodiversity of soil communities. This paper also identifies areas where further work is desirable to improve our understanding of the structure and functioning of soil communities.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, burying beetles silphidae, coexistence, community ecology, competition, composition, Disturbance, Dung, ecological communities, forest, heterogeneity, maturity index, resource partitioning, soil communities, species, succe, temporal patterns},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TW70500002},
	author = {Giller, P. S.}
}
@article {2005,
	title = {Diversidad de coleopteros coprofagos (Scarabaeidae) de la Reserva Forestal de Escalerete},
	journal = {Cespedesia},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {89-102},
	keywords = {dung beetle, modification (biological conservation 2007), primary forest, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Medina, C. A. and Kattan, G. H.}
}
@inbook {2041,
	title = {Los Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) de la provincia de Cordoba, Argentina},
	booktitle = {Biodiversidad de la Provincia de Cordoba. Fauna.},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {101-117},
	author = {Monteresino, Estela and Martinez, Antonio and Zunino, Mario},
	editor = {di Tada, I. E. and Bucher, E. H.}
}
@article {2048,
	title = {Nesting and life-cycle of Sulcophanaeus menelas (Laporte, 1840) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Elytron Barcelona},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1996},
	note = {1996ArticleSpanish; Non English},
	pages = {11-22},
	abstract = {Sulcophanaeus menelas is a common dung beetle in Uruguay. Its life cycle and nesting behaviour are determined in the laboratory. Morphological descriptions of the larvae and the pupae are also included.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, larva-, life-cycle, Neotropical-region), Population-Studies, pupae-, Sulcophanaeus-menelas (Coleoptera-): Scarabaeidae-, Uruguay- (South-America},
	author = {Morelli, Enrique and Gonzalez, Vainer Patricia and Canziani, Cecilia}
}
@article {2063,
	title = {Is the apparent rarity of Liatongus monstrosus (Bates) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) real or an artifact of collecting?},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {50},
	number = {3},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {216-220},
	author = {Navarrete Heredia, Jose Luis}
}
@article {2064,
	title = {Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Dugesiana},
	volume = {3},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {34-35},
	author = {Navarrete Heredia, Jose Luis}
}
@article {2150,
	title = {Game and cattle trampling, and impacts of human dwellings on arthropods at a game park boundary},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {1545-1556},
	abstract = {Seven grassland sites were sampled at South Africa{\textquoteright}s Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Park boundary with the surrounding land, to assess changes in arthropod diversity in response to land use. Epigaeic arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps and a sweep net. In all, 262 morphospecies were collected, but this is an underestimate of total local species richness. Fifty percent of the species caught were single occurrences. The number of species, families and orders represented at each of the seven sites was not significantly different, but the number of individuals was significantly different. Between-site comparisons, using multivariate statistics, did not reveal any strong site groupings, with all sites being unique. The conclusion is that the reserve boundary does not significantly divide arthropod diversity on a simple inside-versus-outside basis. A major factor influencing the arthropod assemblages was intensity of land use. Indigenous game animals and domestic cattle had the same effect, and it was the intensity of trampling that was important rather than the type of trampling. Human settlements had a major impoverishing effect. The Coleoptera families, Cicindelidae, Staphylindae and Carabidae, were particularly sensitive indicator taxa of land use. Scarabaeidae species were the only group that were severely affected by the fence boundary, simply because their food source, the faeces of large native mammals, was inside, leaving them without resources outside the reserve.},
	keywords = {arthropods, boundary., Game Park, impacts, south africa, trampling},
	author = {Rivers-Moore, N. A. and Samways, M. J.}
}
@article {2199,
	title = {Les mofu et leurs insectes},
	journal = {Journal d{\textquoteright}Agriculture Traditionnel et de Botany Applique},
	volume = {38},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {125-187},
	keywords = {Cameroon, ethnoentomology, formicidae, Mofu, Mount Mandara, Termitidae},
	author = {Seignobos, Christian and Deguine, Jean-Philippe and Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre}
}
@article {2216,
	title = {Brood care in the dung beetle Onthophagus vacca (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): The effect of soil moisture on time budget, nest structure, and reproductive success},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {19},
	number = {3},
	year = {1996},
	note = {1996ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {254-258},
	abstract = {Under laboratory conditions brood care behaviour, nest structure and weight of dung supply in brood chambers of the dung beetle Onthophagus vacca proved to depend on water content of the soil beneath the dung. The substrate in a bucket beneath the dung pat was dry sand (4\% water content) or moist sand (8\% water content). Emigrating beetles were trapped and counted at 12 h intervals. In a total of 109 replicates one pair was released on an artificial 1000 g dung pat. From 95 replicates in which brood chambers were built the following results were derived: 1) Breeding females and resident males which helped the female stayed longer in dung pats on dry sand than in those on moist sand. 2) Nest architecture was influenced by substrate moisture: length of main tunnels did not differ between nests in dry and moist sand, but total length of side tunnels was shorter in dry sand. 3) Numbers of brood chambers were equal in both substrate types, weight of the dung supplies was larger in dry sand. 4) Offspring size was not only influenced by dung provision in the brood chambers. Beetles emerging from chambers in dry sand were smaller than those emerging from moist sand even if the amount of dung supply was equal.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Onthophagus-vacca (Coleoptera-), Physiology-, Reproductive-System (Reproduction-), Scarabaeidae- (Coleoptera-), Soil-Science},
	author = {Sowig,Peter}
}
@article {2223,
	title = {Influence of dense stands of an exotic tree, Prosopis glandulosa Benson, on a savanna dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) assemblage in southern Africa},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {78},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {305-311},
	keywords = {bush encroachment, invasive plant, mesquite, rare species, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Steenkamp, H. E. and Chown, Steven L.}
}
@article {2233,
	title = {The effect of faecally excreted ivermectin and fenbendazole on the insect colonisation of cattle dung following the oral administration of sustained-release boluses},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	volume = {62},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {253-266},
	abstract = {The effects of faecal drug residues following the administration of anthelmintics in the form of sustained-release boluses, on dung-colonising Coleoptera and Diptera are reported. In blind field trials, pats of standard weight and size were prepared from the dung of cattle treated with an ivermectin (Ivomec SR Bolus {\textregistered}, MSD Agve0 or a fenbendazole (Panacur Bolus {\textregistered}, Hoechs0 sustained-release bolus, and from a third control group of cattle that received no treatment. Pats were recovered after 7, 14, 21 and 42 days in the field and searched for invertebrates. There were no differences in the numbers of adult beetles found in the pats from the three treatment groups. Pats made from the dung of ivermectin-treated animals contained no larval Diptera Cyclorrhapha and significantly fewer larval Scarabaeidae than pats made from the dung of the other two groups. Furthermore, larval Scarabaeidae in the ivermectin pats were inhibited in their development. The pats from fenbendazole-treated animals contained similar numbers of larval Scarabaeidae and Diptera to the pats from untreated animals throughout the trial. At 42 days, the solid matter of the control and fenbendazole-containing cow pats was reduced to a crumbling, granular texture, while the pats from the ivermectin-treated animals were solid and compacted. Pitfall trapping, using traps baited with dung from the three groups, showed no significant difference between the numbers of adult Scarabaeidae attracted, though a trend towards higher numbers attracted to the dung of both anthelmintic-treated groups was evident. The results provide evidence of the toxic effects of excreted ivermectin on key dung-colonising families of insects, and show that fenbendazole lacks such toxic effects. },
	keywords = {cattle-nematoda, Controlled-release technology, Dung-insects, Fenbendazole, lvermectin},
	author = {Strong, L. and Wall, R. and Woolford, A, and Djeddour, D.}
}
@article {2268,
	title = {Notes on the feeding and breeding behaviour of Gymnopleurus gemmatus Harold and Gymnopleurus miliaris (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Journal, Bombay Natural History Society},
	volume = {93},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {13-19},
	author = {Veenakumari, K. and Veeresh, G. K.}
}
@article {2269,
	title = {Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Onthophagus gazella (F.) and Onthophagus rectecornutus Lansb. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Journal, Bombay Natural History Society},
	volume = {93},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {252-256},
	keywords = {Biology, nesting, Onthophagus gazella, Onthophagus rectecornutus},
	author = {Veenakumari, K. and Veeresh, G. K.}
}
@article {2307,
	title = {Nidification of Thirteen Common Argentine Dung Beetles (Scarabeidae: Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Behavior},
	volume = {89},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {581-88},
	abstract = {Paracoprid scarabs (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) dig tunnels under or near various animals droppings, portions of which the beetles store to feed on or use to build nests for their larvae. These nests have been classified into 3 main patterns, based mainly on the structure of the nest, egg cell, and the existence of parental care. Pattern I nests are simple accumulations of feces at the end of a burrow, known as brood masses, with 1 or several eggs in individual cells built into the dung. Pattern II nests consist of spheroidal or pear-shaped food provisions plastered with a layer of soil (brood balls) loose in a subterranean chamber. Pattern III nests have several brood balls in one large chamber and receive parental care. The construction process of the brood masses and brood balls of 13 species of laboratory reared paracoprids from Argentina was studied by analyzing different stages of their construction. The species Dichotomius anaglypticus (Mannerheim), D. haroldi (Waterhouse), D. micans (Luederwaldt), D. semiaeneus (Germar), Onthophagus hirculus Mannerheim, Oruscatus davus (Erichson), and Gromphas lacordairei Brulle belong to the pattern I; Sulcophanaeus batesi (Harold), Sulcophanaeus menelas (Castelnau), S. imperator (Chevrolat), Bolbites onitoides Harold, Ontherus sulcator (F.), and O. appendiculatus (Mannerheim) to pattern II. The last pattern, which includes the Phanaeina, some Dichotomina (both subtribes of Coprini), and the Old World Catharsius, entails at least 4 different construction processes. Most brood masses and balls studied in this work are described for the first time. The building of spheroidal brood balls loose in a chamber could have evolved at least four times from the primitive brood masses, through four different convergent processes. },
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Walsh, G. Cabrera and Gandolfo, Daniel}
}
@article {1295,
	title = {Dung consumption of Scarabaeus cristatus  from Kuwait},
	journal = {Zoology in the Middle East},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have copy- need to scan},
	pages = {71-74},
	keywords = {dung beetle, dung preference, food resources mammals, mammal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Al-Houty, W and Al-Musalam, F}
}
