@article {1453,
	title = {Ecophysiology, range contraction and survival of a geographically restricted African dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {30-39},
	keywords = {desiccation resistance, endemism, flight activity, flightless, scarab beetle, thermoregulation},
	author = {Chown, S. L. and Scholtz, C. H. and Klok, C. J. and Joubert, F. J. and Coles, K. S.}
}
@article {1497,
	title = {A comparative analysis of metabolic rate in six Scarabaeus species (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) from southern Africa: further caveats when inferring adaptation},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
	volume = {46},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 73Cited References:      ANDREWARTHA HG, 1954, DISTRIBUTION ABUNDAN     AYRES MP, 1994, ECOL MONOGR, V64, P465     BERRIGAN D, 1997, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V118, P1301     BLOCK W, 1977, J EXP BIOL, V68, P69     BULLOCK TH, 1955, BIOL REV, V30, P311     CHAPPELL MA, 1983, OECOLOGIA, V56, P126     CHOWN SL, 1999, BIOL REV, V74, P87     CHOWN SL, 1998, CAN J ZOOL, V76, P1123     CHOWN SL, 1997, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V70, P116     COSSINS AR, 1987, TEMPERATURE BIOL ANI     CRAFFORD JE, 1993, POLAR BIOL, V13, P411     CUSHMAN JH, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V95, P30     DJAWDAN M, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P828     DONAHAYE E, 1993, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V18, P247     DONAHAYE E, 1992, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V17, P219     EDNEY EB, 1977, ZOOPHYSIOLOGY ECOLOG, V9     EDWARDS PB, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V75, P527     GARLAND T, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P797     GIBBS AG, 1997, J EXP BIOL, V200, P1821     HADLEY NF, 1985, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V80, P307     HADLEY NF, 1994, WATER BALANCE TERRES     HARVEY PH, 1991, COMP METHOD EVOLUTIO     HODKINSON ID, 1997, ECOL ENTOMOL, V22, P47     HOFFMANN AA, 1989, BIOL J LINN SOC, V37, P117     HOFFMANN AA, 1991, EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC     HONIK A, 1996, EUROPEAN J ENTOMOLOG, V93, P303     HUEY RB, 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE, P205     JULIANO SA, 1986, CAN J ZOOL, V64, P73     KLOK CJ, 1994, THESIS U PRETORIA     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P309     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V159, P249     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P4765     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V68, P43     LIGHTON JRB, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P142     LOEHLE C, 1998, J BIOGEOGR, V25, P735     LOVERIDGE JP, 1968, J EXP BIOL, V49, P15     LUDWIG D, 1937, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V10, P342     MACARTHUR RH, 1972, GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY     MACKAY WP, 1982, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V55, P367     MASSION DD, 1983, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V74, P101     MOLE S, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P573     MOSTERT LE, 1982, CIMBEBASIA A, V5, P273     MOSTERT LE, 1986, ENTOMOLOGY MEMOIRS, V65, P1     NYLUND L, 1991, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V100, P853     PARSONS PA, 1996, EVOL BIOL, V29, P39     PINKA ER, 1983, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY     PRICE T, 1998, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V352, P519     QUINLAN MC, 1993, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V66, P628     RICKLEFS RE, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P167     ROGERS DJ, 1991, NATURE, V351, P739     SCHMIDTNIELSEN K, 1997, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT     SCHOLANDER PF, 1953, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V26, P67     SCHOLTZ CH, 1989, J ARID ENVIRON, V16, P305     SCHOLTZ CH, 1981, J ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC, V44, P83     SCHULTZ TD, 1992, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V65, P226     SCHULZE R, 1997, S AFRICAN ATLAS AGRO     SMITH DS, 1964, J MORPHOL, V114, P107     SOKAL RR, 1995, BIOMETRY PRINCIPLES     SOMME L, 1991, INSECTS LOW TEMPERAT, P318     SOMME L, 1995, INVERTEBRATES HOT CO     SOMME L, 1989, POLAR BIOL, V10, P135     STROMME JA, 1989, FAUNA NORV B, V36, P57     STROMME JA, 1986, POLAR RES, V4, P199     TAUBER MJ, 1998, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V27, P523     WASSERTHAL LT, 1996, ADV INSECT PHYSIOL, V26, P297     WILLIAMS AE, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P2945     WILLIAMS AE, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P2953     WILLIAMS AE, 1997, J EXP BIOL, V200, P615     YOUNG SR, 1979, J INSECT PHYSL, V25, P361     ZACHARIASSEN KE, 1987, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V86, P403     ZERA AJ, 1997, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V42, P207     ZERA AJ, 1997, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V70, P519     ZURSTRASSEN R, 1967, ENTOMOLOGISCHE BLATT, V63, P129EnglishArticle293GBJ INSECT PHYSIOL},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {553-562},
	abstract = {Alterations in VO2 or VCO2 are amongst the more polemical physiological adaptations ascribed to insects. Generally, metabolic rate is thought to be lowered in response to arid conditions, and elevated in species from cold environments compared to their more temperate relatives. However, most studies have rarely addressed the influence of both environmental factors in unison. To this end, standard metabolic rate and its temperature dependence were measured (at 4 degrees C intervals from 16 to 32 degrees C) in six Scarabaeus dung beetle species (three flightless, three volant) from a variety of habitats (warm, arid to cool, mesic) in southern Africa using flow-through respirometry. Mass specific VCO2 varied from 0.0158 mi g(-1) h(-1) at 16 degrees C to 0.1839 ml g(-1) h(-1) at 32 degrees C. The slopes of the rate temperature curves were similar for all species (Q(10)s of 2.14-2.84), although the intercepts differed significantly in the direction (warm arid to cool mesic): S. gariepinus<S. hippocrates<S. striatum<S. galenus<S. rusticus<S. westwoodi. General Linear models were fitted to the VCO2 data with treatment temperature, wing status, mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature as the independent variables. For all six species, the best fit model included treatment temperature and wing status only. Flightless species had significantly lower VCO(2)s than did winged ones. Amongst the flightless species, S. gariepinus, from the driest area, had the lowest VCO2. Among the winged species it was impossible to determine whether environmental temperature or water availability were most important in influencing VCO2; both were significant. We conclude that investigations of metabolic rate modulation, and especially metabolic cold adaptation, in insects must take both temperature and water availability into account. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {acclimatisation, consumption, cricket gryllus-firmus, desiccation resistance, drosophila-melanogaster, gas-exchange, ins, metabolic cold adaptation, oxygen-, respiratory metabolism, respirometry, unselected strain, VCO2, water-loss},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000085842500019},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Chown, S. L. and McGeoch, M. A. and Scholtz, C. H.}
}
