@article {1790,
	title = {Dung beetle geographic diversity variation along a Western Iberian latitudinal transect (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {93},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {235-243},
	abstract = {To explore the richness and geographic turnover of dung beetle assemblages (Scar- abaeinae and Aphodiinae) inhabiting the Western Iberian peninsula, a latitudinal north{\DH}south transect was carried out in Portuguese territory. Estimators of alpha, beta, and gamma diversities were used, as well as the ratio Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae, which puts into evidence some dung beetle community spatial characteristics. Clustering methods were also used to ascertain relationships between biogeographical Portuguese regions and geographical patterns of species replacement. Although Scarabaeinae appears mainly responsible for overall and regional richness, Aphodiinae richness was rather low everywhere except for the southernmost plot of the transect investigated. The scarcity of Aphodiinae species is re{\ss}ected in the Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae ratio, a score that is, however, clearly biased toward the Aphodiinae in almost all the Iberian Peninsula. For this reason the pairwise turnover in species composition between sites is mainly determined by the variation in Scarabaeinae species. Peaks of },
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, biogeography, Dung beetles, faunistic turnover, Portugal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Hortal-Munoz, J. and Martin-Pierra, Fermin and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1928,
	title = {Biogeographical and ecological factors affecting the altitudinal variation of mountainous communities of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea): a comparative study},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {93},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {359UZANN ENTOMOL SOC AMER},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {115-126},
	abstract = {The altitudinal variation in the richness and composition of communities of co-prophagous beetles in a mountainous landscape in Mexico is analyzed and the results obtained are compared with those of similar studies carried out in other parts of the world. Two nonexclusive processes are proposed as responsible for the assemblage of mountain fauna: horizontal colonization by elements originating from lineages distributed at higher latitudes and vertical colonization by lineages distributed at the same latitude but at different altitudes. The current analysis supports the hypothesis that when the horizontal colonization dominates, mountain faunas show a clear altitudinal substitution between large taxa with different evolutionary histories (e.g., Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) and the gradient of reduction in species richness is attenuated. This occurs in mountains of different continents and depends primarily on the degree of isolation and general orientation of thr mountain ranges. Conversely, when vertical colonization dominates, mountain faunas show only slight altitudinal substitution, and the reduction in richness is greater.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000089631600016},
	author = {Lobo, J. M. and Halffter, G}
}
@article {2277,
	title = {Larval morphology and breeding behavior of the genus Pedaridium Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {94},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {596-604},
	abstract = {The third-instar larva and breeding behavior of Pedaridium almeidai Pereira and P. brasiliensis Ferreira \& Galileo are described using material collected at Sa ̃ o Paulo, Brazil, and, the third-instar larva of P. adisi (Ratcliffe) is redescribed. The most important morphological charac- teristics for larval stages are found in the epipharynx, the setation of the venter of the last abdominal segment, the endoskeletal lines of the anal lobes, the mandibles, and the respiratory plate of the thoracic spiracle. A key to the known larvae of the genus Pedaridium is also provided. Results show that P. almeidai is more similar to P. adisi than P. brasiliensis. The presence/absence of stridulatory areas on the mandibles, the form of the frontal suture, the form of the sensorial area of the antennae, the form of the molar and scissorial areas of the mandibles, and the different size and form of the lacinia suggest a possible polyphyly of the genus Pedaridium. Results con{\TH}rm the endocoprid breeding behavior of Pedaridium, which together with Trichillum, represents the most primitive breeding pattern of Scarabaeinae. In the species studied, there is neither food relocation nor brood ball construction. This primitive breeding behavior implies exploitation without modi{\TH}cation or relocation of the resource. Possible kleptoparasitism was observed in P. brasiliensis.},
	keywords = {Ateuchini, breeding patterns, Dung beetles, larval description, Scarabaeoidea, taxonomy},
	author = {Verdu, Jose R. and Galante, Eduardo}
}
