@article {1377,
	title = {Preliminary investigations of dung removal and flight biology of the Mexican dung beetles Copris incertus in Northland (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {New Zealand Entomologist},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	year = {1983},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {360-364},
	abstract = {The Mexican dung beetle Copris incertus Say is established on pastoral grazing land to the northeast of Whangarei city, where it is common on both volcanic (brown earth) and clay (yellow-brown earth) soils. Flights occurred regularly over the spring, summer, and autumn of 1979180 and 1980181 when rainfall was above average. Flight was considered important in the dispersal into new areas as well as in the colonisation of fresh dung. Sheep dung was more effectively buried than cattle and horse dung. The benefits of the Mexican dung beetle to pastoral agriculture in Northland appear limited by slow rate of dung removal and inactivity during dry summer periods.},
	keywords = {Copris incertus, ecological function, introduced, Keywords: Coleoptera, Mexican dung beetle, New, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Zealand.},
	author = {Blank, R. H. and Black, H. and Olson, M. H.}
}
@article {1406,
	title = {Visual cues used by ball-rolling dung beetles for orientation},
	journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology a-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology},
	volume = {189},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 27Cited References:      BARTHOLOMEW GA, 1978, J EXP BIOL, V73, P65     BERNON G, 1981, THESIS U BOWLING GRE     BRANDON SGF, 1985, ILLUSTRATED ENCY MYT, P2488     BURKOW G, 1953, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V2     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     CAMPAN R, 1997, ORIENTATION COMMUNIC     COLLETT M, 2000, BIOL CYBERN, V83, P245     COLLETT TS, 2000, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V10, P757     FRAENKEL GS, 1961, ORIENTATION ANIMALS     FRANTSEVICH L, 1977, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V121, P253     GEISLER M, 1961, Z TIERPSYCHOL, V18, P389     HEINRICH B, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P489     LEHRER M, 1996, J EXP BIOL, V199, P253     LEHRER M, 1997, ORIENTATION COMMUNIC     LEHRER M, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P3275     MATTHEWS EG, 1963, PSYCHE, V70, P75     PARDI L, 1953, Z VERGL PHYSIOL, V35, P459     SATO H, 1987, ECOL ENTOMOL, V12, P415     SRINIVASAN MV, 1999, VISION RES, V39, P2749     TOMKINS JL, 1999, J ZOOL 4, V248, P483     TRIBE GD, 1975, S AFR J SCI, V71, P277     UGOLINI A, 1993, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V5, P489     VONFRISCH K, 1967, DANCE LANGUAGE ORIEN     WATERMAN TH, 1989, ANIMAL NAVIGATION     WEHNER R, 1984, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V29, P277     YBARRONDO BA, 1996, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V69, P35     ZAR JH, 1996, BIOSTATISTICAL ANALEnglishArticleJ COMP PHYSIOL A698TV},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {411-418},
	abstract = {Ball rolling by dung beetles is considered to be a derived behaviour that evolved under pressure for space, and from competitors at the dung pat. Straight-line orientation away from the pat using a celestial cue should be the most successful rolling strategy to move dung to an unknown burial site. We tested this hypothesis in the field and the laboratory by presenting five species of ball-rolling beetles with different orientation tasks, involving reaction to obstacles as well as to reflected sunlight and artificial light sources. Beetles were found to consistently orientate along a chosen route, usually in the direction of the sun. Beetles rolling dung balls successfully negotiated barriers and returned to the original path as did beetles falling from ramps, or rotated about a fixed point while rolling a ball. The sun was found to be the main orientation cue, which could be substituted by reflected or artificial light. However, beetles reoriented themselves less accurately in response to lights in the laboratory, than they did to the reflected sun in the field. It is probable that phototactic orientation using the sun, which is widespread amongst arthropods, has been incorporated in the straight-line foraging behaviour that has evolved in ball-rolling dung beetles.},
	keywords = {celestial cue, foraging, insects, kheper nigroaeneus coleoptera, navigation, path integration, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, visual orientation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000184015600002},
	author = {Byrne, M. and Dacke, M. and Nordstrom, P. and Scholtz, C. and Warrant, E.}
}
@article {1490,
	title = {Community organization of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): differences in body size and functional group structure between habitats},
	journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {258-275},
	keywords = {body size, community composition, functional group, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1496,
	title = {Dung beetle diversity in South Africa: influential factors, conservation status, data inadequacies and survey design},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 65Cited References:      *STATSOFT INC, 1995, STATISTICA WIND COMP     *WEATH BUR, 1965, CLIM S AFR 8     BOND WJ, 1994, S AFR J SCI, V90, P391     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1971, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V11, P133     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1979, S AFR J SCI, V75, P257     CAMBEFORT Y, 1982, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V18, P433     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P51     CINCOTTA RP, 2000, NATURE, V404, P990     COWLING RM, 1992, ECOLOGY FYNBOS NUTR, P23     DAVIES ALV, 1999, J BIOGEOGR, V26, P1039     DAVIS ALV, 1995, ACTA OECOL, V16, P641     DAVIS ALV, 1997, AFR J ECOL, V35, P10     DAVIS ALV, 1996, AFR J ECOL, V34, P258     DAVIS ALV, 1994, AFR J ECOL, V32, P192     DAVIS ALV, 1993, AFR J ECOL, V31, P306     DAVIS ALV, 2001, DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTI, V7, P161     DAVIS ALV, 1989, ECOL ENTOMOL, V14, P11     DAVIS ALV, IN PRESS GLOBAL ECOL     DAVIS ALV, 1996, J AFR ZOOL, V110, P291     DAVIS ALV, 1993, J AM ZOOL, V107, P397     DAVIS ALV, 2001, J NAT HIST, V35, P1607     DAVIS ALV, 1994, J NAT HIST, V28, P383     DAVIS ALV, 1996, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V40, P260     DEAN WRJ, 1995, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V37, P103     DEMELLO FZV, 1998, COLEOPTERISTS B, V52, P209     DENT MC, 1989, 109189 WRC     DOUBE BM, 1990, B ENTOMOL RES, V80, P259     DOUBE BM, 1983, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P357     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P383     EDWARDS PB, 1986, B ENTOMOL RES, V76, P433     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     FAIRBANKS DHK, 2000, S AFR J SCI, V96, P69     FERREIRA MC, 1972, REV ENT MOCAM, V11, P5     FINCHER GT, 1970, J PARASITOL, V56, P378     GASTON KJ, 1999, OIKOS, V86, P584     GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1974, QUAEST ENTOMOL, V10, P223     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P305     HOWDEN HF, 1975, BIOTROPICA, V7, P77     HOWDEN HF, 1987, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V50, P155     INOUCHI J, 1986, CHEM SENSES, V11, P286     JANKIELSOHN A, 2001, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V30, P474     KOCH SO, 2000, J INSECT CONSERVATIO, V4, P45     KRELL FT, 1999, AFR ENTOMOL, V7, P287     LEGENDRE L, 1983, NUMERICAL ECOLOGY     LOW AB, 1996, VEGETATION S AFRICA     NEALIS VG, 1977, CAN J ZOOL, V55, P138     PHILIPS TK, 2001, AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY, V8, P227     REID WV, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P275     REYERS B, 2000, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V267, P505     SCHOLTZ CH, 1987, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V50, P75     SCHOLTZ CH, 1987, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V50, P121     SHIBUYA, 1982, JAPANESE J APPL ENTO, V26, P194     STEENKAMP HE, 1996, BIOL CONSERV, V78, P305     TYSON PD, 1986, CLIMATIC CHANGE VARI     VANJAARSVELD AS, 1998, SCIENCE, V279, P2106     VANRENSBURG BJ, 1999, BIOL CONSERV, V88, P145     WALTER H, 1964, KLIMADIAGRAMM WELTAT     WALTER P, 1983, B SOC ZOOLOGIQUE FRA, V108, P397     WATERHOUSE DF, 1974, SCI AM, V230, P101     WESSELS KJ, 1998, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V7, P1093     WILLIAMS P, 2000, BELGIAN J ENTOMOL, V2, P21     WILLIAMS P, 1996, CONSERV BIOL, V10, P155EnglishArticle563GBAFR ENTOMOL},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {53-65},
	abstract = {Dung beetles are useful as indicators in conservation and global warming studies owing to their specialized regional and local distribution patterns. However, existing South African data are inadequate for indication at the necessary degree of spatial resolution. To improve the database, Survey methods need to Lie designed according to the spatial and temporal factors that influence dung beetle diversity. Across four major climatic regions, there are seven principal species distribution centres for dung beetles in which activity is influenced primarily by difference, in rainfall seasonality and temperature, Across these regions, generic endemism is largely concentrated around the coastline and in montane areas. The conservation status of endemic genera is discussed. At a local scale, spatial diversity is influenced primarily by soil, vegetation and dung type. Maximum local diversity of dung beetles is observed after rainfall and decreases as surface conditions become warmer and drier. After workshop discussions, a coarse-grained, asymmetrical gradsect survey grid has been designed according to vegetative, climatic and land-usage gradients across South Africa. It is suggested that each survey point across these regional gradients should comprise a quarter-degree square in which local ecological gradients should be surveyed for invertebrates, Baited pitfall trapping is an easy method to provide quantitative data for dung beetles across such environmental gradients. Lining up each catch on a tray provides a relatively quick way to compare the specimens, identify the species present, and provide a quantitative assessment of species abundance. Data collection may be conducted on one or more occasion., to accommodate seasonal and daily variation in species occurrence. This exercise could identify localities suitable for ecotourism reserves representative of the variation in ecotypes across the country, particularly, in coastal, natural grass and wooded regions, where many invertebrate taxa are endangered by habitat fragmentation including some rare dung beetle species.},
	keywords = {associations, biodiversity hotspots, COLEOPTERA, community, consequences, conservation, diversity, Dung, habitat fragmentation, hydrophilidae, populations, s str, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, south africa, staphylinidae, survey},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000176247000006},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1549,
	title = {Discontinuous gas exchange in dung beetles: patterns and ecological implications},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {122},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 40Cited References:      BARTHOLOMEW GA, 1985, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V155, P155     BERNON G, 1981, THESIS U BOWLING GRE     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P22     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P36     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P51     CHOWN SL, 1995, FUNCT ECOL, V9, P30     DAVIS ALV, 1995, ACTA OECOL, V16, P641     DAVIS ALV, 1996, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V58, P157     DOUBE BM, 1990, B ENTOMOL RES, V80, P259     DOUBE BM, 1983, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P357     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     DUNCAN FD, 1997, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V22, P310     DUNCAN FD, 1993, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V18, P372     FERREIRA MC, 1972, REV ENT MOCAM, V11, P5     HADLEY NF, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P175     HEINRICH B, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P489     HOLTER P, 1991, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V35, P281     KESTLER A, 1985, ENV PHYSL BIOCH INSE, P137     KLOK CJ, 1994, THESIS U PRETORIA     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P309     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, CONCISE ENCY BIOL BI, P201     LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V163, P11     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P521     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P1613     LIGHTON JRB, 1992, J EXP BIOL, V173, P289     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V159, P249     LIGHTON JRB, 1990, J EXP BIOL, V151, P71     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J EXP BIOL, V134, P363     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J INSECT PHYSL, V34, P361     LIGHTON JRB, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P142     LIGHTON JRB, 1985, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V58, P390     MILLER PL, 1981, LOCOMOTION ENERGETIC, P367     OSBERG D, 1988, THESIS U WITWATERSRA     OSBERG DC, 1992, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V55, P85     OSBERG DC, 1993, TROP ZOOL, V6, P243     PASCHALIDIS KM, 1974, THESIS RHODES U GRAH     SCHMIDTNIELSEN K, 1980, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT     SLAMA K, 1988, WOODS HOLE OCEANOGR, V175, P289     TRIBE GD, 1976, THESIS U NATAL PIETE     ZAR JH, 1984, BIOSTATISTICAL ANALEnglishArticle303YGOECOLOGIA},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {452-458},
	abstract = {This study correlates a distinctive pattern of external gas exchanger referred to as the discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC), observed in the laboratory, with habitat associations of five species of telecoprid dung beetles. The beetles were chosen from a variety of habitats that would be expected to present different amounts of water stress. All five species exhibited DGC. Sisyphus fasciculatus has been recorded only in woodland areas, and does not have strict spiracular control during its DGC. Anachalcos convexus and Scarabaeus rusticus are associated with open mesic habitats. Both species exhibit a distinct DGC, previously found in some other insect species, but intermediate within this study group. Sc. flavicornis and Circellium bacchus are typically found in arid regions, and have the most unusual form of DGC with spiracular fluttering during the burst phase. These results support the hypothesis that spiracular fluttering reduces respiratory water loss. From this study we conclude that the DGC is an ancestral adaptation. most probably as a result of anoxic environments in underground burrows, but that spiracular control is enhanced to reduce respiratory water lass in beetle species that live in arid habitats.},
	keywords = {ant, COLEOPTERA, discontinuous gas exchange cycle, formicidae, habitat association, hymenoptera, namib desert, respiration, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, south-africa, telecoprid, tenebrionid beetles, terrestrial insects, ventilatory patterns},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086455000002},
	author = {Duncan, F. D. and Byrne, M. J.}
}
@article {1578,
	title = {Diversity and composition of dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages in a heterogeneous Andean landscape},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {123-136},
	keywords = {andean, community organization, composition, modification (biological conservation 2007), Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Escobar, Frederico}
}
@article {1584,
	title = {Diversity and composition of dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages in a heterogeneous Andean landscape},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {123-136},
	keywords = {andean, community organization, composition, modification (biological conservation 2007), Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico}
}
@article {1716,
	title = {A comparative study of the structure of the scarab guild in Mexican tropical rain forests and derived ecosystems},
	journal = {Folia Entomol{\'o}gica Mexicana},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1992},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {131-156},
	keywords = {community ecology (biological conservation 2007), conservation, modification, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Favila, Mario E and Violeta Halffter}
}
@article {1776,
	title = {Are ball-rolling (Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, Sisyphini) and tunnelling scarabaeine dung beetles equally choosy about the size of ingested dung particles?},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {700-705},
	abstract = {1. The maximum size of ingested particles was determined in 11 species of ball-rolling, adult dung beetle (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) by mixing small latex or glass balls of known diameter into their food. The tribes Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, and Sisyphini (four, four, and three species respec- tively) were represented, with mean body sizes ranging from 0.33 to 4.0 g fresh weight. 2. Only particles with maximum diameters of 4{\textendash}85 mm were ingested. Hence rollers, like other known beetles feeding on fresh dung, filter out larger, indiges- tible plant fragments and confine ingestion to small particles of higher nutritional value. 3. The maximum diameter of ingested particles increased significantly with body weight, whereas taxon (tribe) had no additional effect. Because big rollers accept larger particles than do tunnellers (which make dung stores for feeding and breeding in the soil immediately below the pat) of similar weight, the slope of the diameter-against-weight regression for rollers was significantly higher than that found earlier for tunnellers. 4. An explanation could be that a typical food ball made by a roller is con- siderably smaller than the amount of dung available to a feeding tunneller of the same size. If the roller were as choosy about particle size as the tunneller, it might not get enough food. This applies to large rollers in particular because their food balls contain a higher proportion of coarse fibres than those made by small species. },
	keywords = {Ball-rollers, Dung beetles, food exploitation, particle feeding, rollers, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, telecoprids},
	author = {Holter, P. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {2086,
	title = {Dung beetles of the Kibale Forest, Uganda; comparison between virgin and managed forests},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1989},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {349-352},
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, conservation (biological conservation 2007), forest management, modification, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, selective logging},
	author = {Matti Nummelin and Ilkka Hanski}
}
@article {2306,
	title = {Laboratory culture of beneficial dung scarabs},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Entomology},
	volume = {90},
	number = {1},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 24Cited References:      *MINITAB, 1991, MINITAB REF MAN REL     BLUME RR, 1975, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V4, P735     BOERO JJ, 1976, PARASITOSIS ANIMALES     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1976, AUSTR MEAT RES COMMI, V30, P1     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1960, J AUST I AGR SCI, V26, P54     DOUBE BM, 1988, B ENTOMOL RES, V78, P63     DOUBE BM, 1987, S AFR J SCI, V83, P187     DRUMMOND RO, 1988, CONTROL ARTHROPOD PE     EDWARDS PB, 1985, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V24, P103     FINCHER GT, 1986, SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL, V11, P203     FINCHER GT, 1987, SW ENT, V12, P321     GILLARD P, 1967, J AUST I AGR SCI, V33, P30     HALFFTER G, 1981, AN ESC NAC CIENC BIO, V25, P117     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEX, V12, P14     HALFTTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HUGHES RD, 1978, B ENTOMOL RES, V68, P361     MACLUSKY DS, 1960, J BR GRASSL SOC, V15, P181     MCKINNEY GT, 1975, J APPL ECOL, V12, P831     PETERSON RG, 1956, AGRON J, V48, P440     PONT AC, 1973, INSECTS OTHER ARTHRO, P251     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1990, B ENTOMOL RES, V80, P473     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1985, ENTOMOPHAGA, V30, P217     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     WALSH GC, 1996, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V89, P581EnglishArticleWH859J ECON ENTOMOL},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {124-129},
	abstract = {Cattle dung accumulation presents problems of pasture fouling, nutrient loss, intestinal parasitosis, and pest fly development. These problems have been confronted, with variable success, with the introduction of coprophagous scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). This work reports the results of field collections and laboratory culture of immature and adult dung scarabs. We compared several treatments of eggs and larvae in search of good methods for rearing scarabs in aseptic conditions. We collected 13 abundant species from northern and central Argentina. We obtained approximate to 4,500 eggs, some of which we sent to quarantine facilities in the United States, and others which we reared in our laboratory with 5 different techniques. Five common and widespread species, Ontherus sulcator (F.), Gromphas lacordairet Brulle, Dichotomius semiaeneus (Germar), Sulcophanaeus menelas (Castelnau), and Bolbites onitoides Harold, had the highest oviposition rates and were also the easiest to rear. Two methods, freeze-dried and gamma sterilized brood masses and balls, provided the best results (i.e., percentage of beetles completing development). As a rule, the species with short larval development time and wide distributions were easier to rear.},
	keywords = {beetles coleoptera, broodballs, diptera, dung beetle rearing, Dung beetles, muscidae, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WH85900019},
	author = {Walsh, G. C. and Cordo, H. A. and Briano, J. A. and Gandolfo, D. E. and Logarzo, G. A.}
}
