@article {1611,
	title = {Effects of Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae) on Seeds Dispersed by Howler Monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in the French Guianan Rain Forest},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {TY  - JOURM1  - Article type: Full Length Article / Full publication date: Mar., 1999 (199903). / Copyright 1999 Cambridge University Press},
	month = {1999/03},
	pages = {129-142},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	abstract = {The dispersal of seeds by howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) and the role of dung beetles in determining the fate of the dispersed seeds were studied at Nouragues Station, French Guiana, during three 2-mo periods (April-May, 1995-97). Howler monkeys were observed to disperse seeds of 47 plant species. Monkey dung attracted 57 species of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae), including tunnellers (maximum size 37 mm) and ball rollers (12.6 mm). The rate of seed burial was negatively correlated with seed size (10 plant species) and positively correlated with dung beetle size (six species of tunnellers). More than 80\% of small seeds (< 5 mm) and 30\% of large seeds (22 mm), were buried by the largest tunnellers. Dung beetles buried 13 to 23\% of seeds ranging 8-13 mm in width. The maximum average depth of burial was 28 cm and varied according to the species of dung beetle. The rate of disappearance of large dung clumps varied during the day and was completed by nocturnal dung beetles. Seeds of Chrysophyllum lucentifolium (Sapotaceae) buried at 5 and 10 cm depths did not suffer predation, but showed low germination success compared to seeds left at the soil surface. Dung beetles affected the survival and distribution of a portion of the seeds dispersed by monkeys, and their relative importance in shaping seed fate depended on seed and beetle size.},
	keywords = {Alouatta seniculus, Dung beetles, French Guiana, rain forest, Scarabaeidae, seed dispersal},
	isbn = {0266-4674},
	url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0266-4674\%28199903\%2915\%3A2\%3C129\%3AEODB\%28O\%3E2.0.CO\%3B2-O},
	author = {Feer, Francois}
}
@article {1613,
	title = {Spatio-temporal, variations in post-dispersal seed fate},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 78Cited References:      ALMEIDA SS, 1995, BOL MUS PARA EMILIO, V11, P265     ANDRESEN E, 1999, BIOTROPICA, V31, P145     ANDRESEN E, 1994, THESIS DUKE U DURHAM     ANDRESEN E, 2000, THESIS U FLORIDA GAI     ASQUITH NM, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P941     BONGERS F, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     BOUCHER DH, 1981, OECOLOGIA, V49, P409     BREWER SW, 1999, J VEG SCI, V10, P165     BURKEY TV, 1993, BIOL CONSERV, V66, P139     BURKEY TV, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V97, P533     CHAPMAN CA, 1989, BIOTROPICA, V21, P148     CHAPMAN CA, 1996, J TROP ECOL 4, V12, P491     CHAUVET S, 1997, THESIS U PIERRE MARI     CONNELL JH, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P568     DESTEVEN D, 1984, OIKOS, V43, P207     DIRZO R, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP, P237     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FEER F, 1999, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V36, P29     FEER F, 1999, J TROP ECOL, V15, P1     FEER F, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P227     FEER F, 2001, REV ECOL-TERRE VIE, V56, P119     FORGET PM, 2000, BIOTROPICA, V32, P452     FORGET PM, 1994, BIOTROPICA, V26, P420     FORGET PM, 1992, BIOTROPICA, V24, P408     FORGET PM, 1990, J TROP ECOL, V6, P459     FORGET PM, 1999, J TROP ECOL 3, V15, P301     FORGET PM, 2001, J TROP ECOL 4, V17, P593     FORGET PM, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P265     FORGET PM, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V94, P255     FORGET PM, 1991, OECOLOGIA, V87, P596     FORGET PM, 1998, S BRIT ECOLOGICAL SO, V37, P25     FORGET PM, 1991, TROP ECOL, V32, P155     GLANZ WE, 1990, 4 NEOTROPICAL RAINFO, P287     GRIMALDI M, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P9     GUILLOTIN M, 1994, J ZOOL, V233, P551     GUILLOTIN M, 1982, REV ECOL-TERRE VIE, V36, P337     HAMMOND DS, 1998, DYNAMICS TROPICAL CO, P51     HENRY O, 2000, BIOTROPICA, V32, P364     HOCH GA, 1997, J TROP ECOL 1, V13, P51     HOWE HF, 1982, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V13, P201     HOWE HF, 1980, ECOLOGY, V61, P944     HOWE HF, 1989, OECOLOGIA, V79, P417     HOWE HF, 1986, SEED DISPERSAL, P123     JANSEN PA, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P275     JANZEN DH, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P501     JANZEN DH, 1974, BIOTROPICA, V6, P69     JANZEN DH, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1887     JANZEN DH, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP, P251     JULLIOT C, 1996, AM J PRIMATOL, V40, P261     JULLIOT C, 1998, FOLIA PRIMATOL, V69, P43     JULLIOT C, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P239     JULLIOT C, 1997, J ECOL, V85, P431     JULLIOT C, 1992, THESIS U TOURS TOURS     KILTIE RA, 1981, BIOTROPICA, V13, P141     LAMBERT JE, 2002, SEED DISPERSAL PROCE, P365     MALCOLM JR, 1988, ACTA AMAZONICA, V18, P67     OCONNELL MA, 1989, J MAMMAL, V70, P532     OSUNKOYA OO, 1994, AUST J ECOL, V19, P52     PERES CA, 1997, J TROP ECOL 4, V13, P595     PONCY O, 1998, FOREST BIODIVERSITY, P389     PONCY O, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P31     RANKIN JM, 1978, THESIS U MICHIGAN AN     RINGUET S, 1998, THESIS MUSEUM NATL H     SABATIER D, 1990, BOIS FOR TROP, V219, P31     SABATIER D, 1985, REV ECOLOGIE TERRE V, V40, P298     SCHUPP EW, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P526     SCHUPP EW, 1995, ECOSCIENCE, V2, P267     SCHUPP EW, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V76, P525     SHEPHERD VE, 1998, J TROP ECOL 2, V14, P199     SIMMEN B, 1998, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V321, P699     SIMMEN B, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P661     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     SORK VL, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1341     SPIRONELLO WR, 1996, CHRYSOPHYLLUM AMAZON     SPIRONELLO WR, 1999, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE C     TERBORGH J, 1993, VEGETATIO, V107, P375     VOSS RS, 1996, B AM MUS NAT HIST, V230, P1     ZHANG SY, 1995, BIOTROPICA, V27, P397EnglishArticle637XVBIOTROPICA},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {555-566},
	abstract = {The post-dispersal fate of Chrysophyllum lucentifolium (a canopy tree; Sapotaceae) seeds was analyzed in French Guiana over three consecutive years. Experiments using 750 thread- marked seeds were performed to investigate seed removal, predation, and caching by terrestrial vertebrates on howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) defecation sites, where clumps of intact C lucentifolium seeds were observed. Year-to-year variations in seed fare during the peak fruiting period were considered in relation to overall fruit and seed resource availability estimated by a raked-trail survey. The effect of two forest areas, which differed in soil and floristic composition, was examined with conspecific fruiting tree density as a covariant. Exclosure versus open treatment was used to discriminate small rodents (not larger than a spiny rat) from other vertebrates. The presence of fresh howler dung did not affect seed fate after 20 days as shown by comparisons between defecation sites and control during the first year. There was a significant effect of year on the percentage of seeds remaining after 20 days. Low seed removal in 1995 and 1996 (compared to 1997) corresponded to higher overall fruiting and higher fruiting of C lucentifolium, or the presence of alternative resources for rodents. All effect of forest area was observed on the seed removal rate, which varied with years and protection. Comparatively, an effect of forest area on the percentage of seeds lost was observed in 1996 and an effect of treatment on the percentage of seeds eaten was seen in 1995. The mode of seed caching Suggested that spiny rats were the main seed remover. Results of this study suggest that greater seedling recruitment may Occur when large fruit crop and high howler dispersal co-occur with a lower impact of rodents (i.e., when rodents are saturated by abundant and diversified fruit resources such as in 1995). Such event synchrony, however, is highly unpredictable after only three years of study.},
	keywords = {americana caesalpiniaceae, Chysophyllum lucentifolium, density, French Guiana, french-gui, howler monkey, janzen-connell model, monkeys alouatta-seniculus, rodents, seed dispersal, seed predation, tree, tropical rain-forest, variation, vouacapoua-, yearly},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180539800008},
	author = {Feer, F. and Forget, P. M.}
}
@article {1616,
	title = {Diel flight activity and ecological segregation within an assemblage of tropical forest dung and carrion beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {21-30},
	abstract = {Temporal variation in activity of dung and carrion beetles in tropical forest is considered as a mechanism of ecological segregation between potentially competing species. We describe the diel flight activity of Scarabaeidae collected with baited pitfall traps at Les Nouragues field station in French Guiana. A total of 2663 individuals of 63 species was recorded, from the subfamilies Coprinae, Scarabaeinae and Aphodinae. Temporal guilds of diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular species were identified. Diurnal species were about twice as numerous and abundant as either nocturnal or crepuscular species. Two main activity patterns characterize the diurnal species while nocturnal and crepuscular species show overlapping activity. The association of activity rhythm with the other niche variables, food selection, functional group, body size and relative abundance, was analysed using multiple correspondence analysis. Small diurnal coprophagous species were opposed to large crepuscular necrophagous species. Species packing is suggested but further analysis showed that the variables were independent of one another. The temporal differentiation of species combined with separation along multiple niche dimensions and resource gradients may facilitate the coexistence of species assumed to be strongly affected by interspecific competition. },
	keywords = {competition, dung beetle, flight activity, French Guiana, niche segregation, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Feer, Francois and Pincebourde, Sylvain}
}
