@article {1891,
	title = {Survival and reproduction of Euoniticellus intermedius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in dung following application of cypermethrin and flumethrin pour-ons to cattle},
	journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research},
	volume = {89},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {543-548},
	abstract = {Cattle were treated with cypermethrin and flumethrin pour-ons to determine possible adverse effects of residues in dung on the survival, fecundity and fertility of Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche). Dung from both cypermethrin- and flumethrin-treated cattle was collected 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment, with an untreated control for each. Mortality of adult E. intermedius exposed to dung collected from cypermethrin-treated cattle two to seven days after treatment ranged between 80\% and 100\%. Cypermethrin had no effect on adult and immature survival or on fecundity and fertility of E. intermediusexposed to dung collected 1, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment. Dung collected from flumethrin-treated cattle had no apparent effect on adult survival, egg production, immature survival, adult emergence, fecundity and fertility of E. intermedius, except at seven days after treatment, when fewer brood balls were produced and consequently fewer adults emerged from dung from treated animals compared with the control.},
	author = {Kruger, K. and Lukhele, O. M. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1892,
	title = {Lethal and sublethal effects of ivermectin on the dung-breeding beetles Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) and Onitis alexis Klug (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {123-131},
	keywords = {avermectins, dung beetle, fecundity, fertility, larval development},
	author = {Kruger, K. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1893,
	title = {Possible risk posed by drift of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen to the rare dung beetle Circellium bacchus (F.) in a national park},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {215-220},
	abstract = {Aerial drift of the juvenile hormone analogue (JHA), pyriproxyfen (Nemesis 100 ec{\textregistered}), used to control red scale on citrus on farms close to the Addo Elephant National Park in South Africa, was suspected of causing a decline in a population of the rare dung beetle species Circellium bacchus(F.) in the Park. The effect of pyriproxyfen on fertility and egg viability, as well as larval, pupal and callow adult development of C. bacchuswas studied in a laboratory assay. Adult beetles, soil surface and the initial dung supply were exposed to pyriproxyfen applied as a spray at 10 times less than the concentration used commercially to simulate spray drift. Exposure of adult beetles to pyriproxyfen did not affect egg production or the viability of eggs, nor did the compound have adverse effects on immature development, indicating that pyriproxyfen is unlikely to be the cause of the observed population depression of C. bacchus.},
	keywords = {development, juvenile hormone analogue, reproduction, Scarabaeidae, spray drift},
	author = {Kruger, K. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1894,
	title = {Changes in the structure of dung insect communities after ivermectin usage in a grasslansd  ecosystem. II. Impact of ivermectin under high-rainfall conditions},
	journal = {Acta Oecologica},
	volume = {19},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {439-451},
	keywords = {avermectin, dung beetle, ecotoxicity, longer-term study, non-target organisms},
	author = {Kruger, K. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
