@article {1473,
	title = {Apparent kleptoparasitic behaviour among Bornean rainforest dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {54},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {88-89},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Behavior-, Caccobius-unicornis (Coleoptera-), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Onthophagus-vulpes (Coleoptera-), Paragymnopleurus-maurus (Coleoptera-), Paragymnopleurus-s, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Davis, Andrew J. and Huijbregts, Hans}
}
@article {1523,
	title = {Seed dispersal by two amazonian primates, with notes on dung beetles},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {39},
	number = {5},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source Parsing( 128aMeetingAnnual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology., Atlanta, Georgia, USA, January 04 08, 2000English},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Ateles-belzebuth [white-bellied-spider-monkey] (C, Behavior-, Cebidae-: Primates-, Chordata-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Mammalia-, Plantae-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Dew, J. L.}
}
@article {1589,
	title = {Tropical rain forest fragmentation, Howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), and dung beetles at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {253-262},
	abstract = {In Neotropical rain forests, fresh mammal dung, especially that of howler monkeys, constitutes an important resource used by dung beetles as food and for oviposition and further feeding by their larvae. Tropical rain forest destruction, fragmentation, and subsequent isolation causing reductions in numbers of and the disappearance of howler moneys may result in decreasing numbers of dung beetles, but this has not been documented. In this study, we present information on the presence of howlers and dung beetles in 38 isolated forest fragments and 15 agricultural habitats. Howler monkeys were censused by visual means, while dung beetles were sampled with traps baited with a mixture of howler, cow, horse, and dog dung. Results indicated that loss of area and isolation of forest fragments result in significant decrements in howlers and dung beetles. However, dung beetle abundance was found to be closely related to the presence of howler monkeys at the sites and habitats investigated. Scenarios of land management designed to reduce isolation among forest fragments may help sustain populations of howler monkeys and dung beetles, which may have positive consequences for rain forest regeneration.},
	keywords = {Alouatta-palliata [howler-mo, Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Cebidae-: Primates-, Chordata-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Conservation-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-), Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Mammalia-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Anzures D. , A. and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {1759,
	title = {The use of leaf-cutter ants, Atta laevigata (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), as a substrate for oviposition by the dung beetle Canthon virens Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Central Brazil},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {2},
	year = {1998},
	note = {June, 1998ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {105-108},
	abstract = {In the Cerrado region of Brazil, we observed dung beetles, Canthon virens Mannerheim, using leaf-cutter ants, Atta laevigata (Smith), as oviposition sites. Aggressive encounters occurred whereby the smaller dung beetles decapitated and then buried their much larger ant victims in a specialized sequence of behaviors. Known densities of a few Cerrado herbivorous mammals suggest that the availability of dung may be similar to other neotropical sites. We propose that C. virens may be an obligate, rather than facultative, predator of leaf-cutter ants.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Atta-laevigata [leaf-cutter-ant] (Hymenoptera-): oviposition-ho, Behavior-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Environmental-Sciences), Hymenoptera-: Insecta-, Invertebrata-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Hertel, Fritz and Colli, Guarino R.}
}
@article {1780,
	title = {Shady field boundaries and the colonisation of dung by coprophagous beetles in Central American pastures},
	journal = {Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment},
	volume = {91},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {[print] Septembe},
	pages = {25-36},
	abstract = {This study examines how the shade from field boundaries may enhance dung decomposition in tropical pastures through its effects on coprophagous beetles. Between August 1995 and January 1998, beetles were collected using dung-baited pitfall traps at a cattle ranch in coastal El Salvador. Fifteen species were recorded throughout the study and, although some species were significantly associated with field boundaries, there were no species exclusive to the boundaries. Diurnal specialist open-field beetles arrived predominantly on the day of dung deposition whereas nocturnal generalist species colonised older dung (one species) or colonised dung for longer (three species) particularly, in the shade. The endocoprid Aphodiinae (two species) generally colonised dung that was 3-7 days old, at a time when activity of the larger paracoprid Coprini and Onthophagini had diminished. Deposition of dung in the shade of field boundaries extended the period during which it was suitable for colonisation, raising the average dung colonisation time by generalist species. The importance of shady field boundaries in dung beetle conservation and efficient dung decomposition in pasture ecosystems is discussed.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Aphodiinae- (Coleoptera-), Aphodius-spp. (Coleoptera-), Arthropoda-, Ateuchus-rodriguezi (Coleoptera-), Canthon-in, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Conservation-, Economic-Entomology, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Horgan, Finbarr G}
}
@article {1593,
	title = {Dung and carrion beetles in tropical rain forest fragments and agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Sept., 1998ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {577-593},
	abstract = {At Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, presence of dung and carrion beetles, were sampled using baited pitfall traps, at the following habitats: isolated forest fragments, forest edges, plantations (coffee, cacao, mixed, citrus and allspice), live fences and pastures. A total of 14,269 beetles representing 36 species were captured. Onthophagus batesi, Canthon femoralis, Canthidium centrale, Copris laeviceps, O. rhinolophus and Deltochilium pseudoparile accounted for 75\% of the captures in the overall sample from 79 sites. Across forest fragments capture rates of species and individuals were associated positively to area and negatively to isolating distance. Rarefaction analysis showed that forest fragments were the most species-rich habitats followed by the mixed and cacao plantations, the forest edge, live fences and coffee, citrus and allspice plantations. Pastures were the least species-rich habitat. Horizontal and vertical diversity of the vegetation at the habitats studied influenced the species richness of dung and carrion beetles and the number of species in common between forest fragments and human-made habitats. A significant relationship existed between the number of non-flying mammals recorded at the study sites and the richness of species and individuals of dung beetles at the habitats investigated. The relevance of this information is discussed in the light of the ecological flexibility of dung and carrion beetle species and of possible conservation scenarios involving landscapes in which isolation of forest fragments is reduced by the presence in open areas of human-made vegetation such as plantations of cacao, coffee, cacao and coffee and live fences.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, beetle- (Coleoptera-): carrion-, Canthidium-centrale (Coleoptera-), Canthon-femoralis (Coleoptera-), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Copris-laeviceps (Coleoptera-, dung-, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond and Dadda, Alberto Anzures and Cammarano, Pierluigi}
}
@article {1638,
	title = {Spatial and temporal variation in species composition of dung beetle assemblages in southern Ireland},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Feb., 1999ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {24-36},
	abstract = {1. This study attempts to identify the main community characteristics that contribute to variability in dung beetle assemblage composition and structure across a range of spatial and temporal scales. 2. Dung beetle assemblages (Aphodius, Sphaeridium, and Geotrupes species) were monitored by dung-baited pitfall trapping at 10-day intervals during the seasonally active period at eleven sites in southern Ireland. Three of the sites were monitored over at least 2 years between 1991 and 1996. 3. Although the species composition of the above taxonomic groups was comparable among sites and years, relative abundances of component species varied considerably. Detrended correspondence analysis ordinations indicated a similar level of variability in dung beetle assemblage structure among years, and among sites apprxeq 1-180 km apart. 4. Processes that may contribute to spatio-temporal variability in dung beetle assemblages are discussed, and strategies for future research are suggested.},
	keywords = {Anim, Animalia-, Aphodius-spp. [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-), Arthropoda-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Environmental-Sciences), Geotrupes-spp. [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-), Invertebrata-, Sphaeridium-spp. [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-), Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Finn, John A. and Gittings, Tom and Giller, Paul S.}
}
@article {2209,
	title = {Kleptoparasitism and phoresy in the diptera},
	journal = {Florida Entomologist},
	volume = {82},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingLiterature ReviewEnglish},
	pages = {179-197},
	abstract = {Spiders, dung-feeding scarabs, social, and prey-storing insects provide predictable and concentrated sources of food for a variety of thief flies (kleptoparasites) and their larvae. Whenever waiting in the vicinity of the "host" for an opportunity to exploit its resources is more energy efficient and less dangerous than foraging among hosts, a number of intimate relationships between the fly and host may evolve. In extreme cases, flies may become long-term phoretic associates that travel with hosts even while the latter is in flight. The behaviors and ecologies of kleptoparasitic Diptera are reviewed with special attention paid to the adaptations of Sphaeroceridae phoretic upon Scarabaeidae. The mating systems of kleptoparasitic flies are influenced by the type of resource that is stolen; flies associated with predators are mostly female, while those found on scarabs are of both sexes. These differences are discussed in terms of mate location, sperm competition, and mate choice.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-, Diptera- (Diptera-), Diptera-: Insecta-, Environmental-Sciences), Evolution-and-Adaptation, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, kleptoparasitism-, m, mate-choice, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Sivinski, John and Marshall, Steve and Petersson, Erik}
}
