@article {1338,
	title = {A simple assay to determine the nutrional suitability of cattle dung for coprophagous beetles },
	journal = {Entomologia experimentalis et applicata},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1989},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {73-79},
	abstract = {An assay using extracted dung fluid was developed to provide an objective method of assessing the suitability of cattle dung for the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. Fluid was extracted from whole dung by twisting gauze-wrapped samples by hand, or by use of an hydraulic press set sequentially at 2 MPa, 6 MPa and 10 MPa. Artificial dung was made by adding dung fluid to shredded fibre-board in a 15 : 1 weight ratio. The rate of brood-ball ( = egg) production by female E. intermedius fed on the artificial dung made from fluid extracted by the hydraulic press at 2 MPa was the same as that on natural whole dung. Reproductive performance on all artificial dungs was significantly correlated with the percent dry matter content of the dung fluid used in the mixture. Thus the percent dry matter in the fluid extracted at 2 MPa pressure provides an objective measurement for comparing the quality of different dungs as food for adult E. intermedius, without the need for performing bioassays. The results confirm that the fluid component of dung is the major source of nutrition for adult dung beetles. },
	keywords = {cattle dung, coprophagous beetles, dung beetle, Euoniticellus, food, mammals, nutrition, resources},
	author = {Aschenborn, H. H. and Loughnan, M. L. and Edwards, P. B.}
}
@article {1405,
	title = {Preferencia por cebo de los escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) de un remanente de bosque seco tropical al norte de Tolima (Colombia)},
	journal = {m3m: Monografias Tercer Milenio},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {59-65},
	abstract = {Feeding and nesting tactics may limit the effects of species overlapping on one particular resource in a diverse community (Halffter \& Edmonds, 1982). Diversity of feeding habits characterizes the dung beetle groups of the Neotropics, and undoubtedly contributes to to the high species richness of this region (Gill, 1991). Feeding habits determine some ecological aspects (Halffter, 1959) of scarabaeids, like behavior, distribution, morphology and development (Halffter \& Matthews, 1966). This paper studies scarabaeine bait preferences in a dry forest patch and its surrounding matrix. 22 species were captured, with 6 new records for the area. The bait with the highest preference rating was omnivore dung, followed by carrion, fungi, cow dung and rotting fruit. The species with the highest abundance was Dichotomius ca. centralis, with 758  individuals and a copro-necrophagous diet. Its dominance was not restricted to the forested area, and significant numbers were found at the pasture matrix. Strict diet species like Deltochilum valgum agropyge were also collected. The dung beetle community observed was mostly generalist (71\%), possibly due to the scarcity of excrement, which forces individuals to use other sources of food with a similar nutritional value.},
	keywords = {Colombia, diet, dry forest, preferences, resources, Scarabaeinae, Tolima},
	author = {Bustos-Gomez Lida, Fernanda and Lopera Toro, Alejandro}
}
@article {1430,
	title = {Changes in food resources and conservation of scarab beetles: from sheep to dog dung in a green urban area of Rome (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {123},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {547-556},
	abstract = {The aim of the research was to show how a change in land use influences the structure of a dung beetle assemblage and affect its conservation. In the Pineto Urban Regional Park (Rome), dog dung is the sole food resource currently available for scarab dung beetles, after the recent removal of wild and domestic herbivores. A one-year sampling was conducted to study the scarab assemblage in dog scats (1999) and to compare it with the previous assemblage associated with sheep droppings (1986). Richness, evenness and similarity parameters were compared between the two allochronic assemblages. From sheep to dog dung, an impoverishment of the total richness was observed (from 19 to 9 species) together with an increase of individuals (by 7 times). Dog dung harboured 20\% of the current scarab dung beetle fauna of Rome, probably as a consequence of the dog mixed diet, rich in cellulose. Both the communities showed a high percentage of tunnellers, probably because of the food shortage and, for dog scats, of the high dehydration rate. A comparison with other Roman scarab communities enhanced that: (1) the change in food resource determined a higher difference in species composition respect to other parameters (size and habitat diversity); (2) dog dung provided a temporary refuge for species that otherwise may encounter local extinction in urban environments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {20th-century, abundance, assemblage, biodiversity conservatiom, Carabidae, colonization, communities, community ecology, competition, diversity, dung beetle assemblages, food, habitats mammals, netherlands, resources, urban ecology},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000227958600012 },
	author = {Carpaneto, Giuseppe M. and Mazziotta, Adriano and Piattella, Emanuele}
}
@article {1688,
	title = {Sulla fonte di alimentazione e sulla microflora aerobica del nido pedotrofico e dell{\textquoteright}apparato digerente delle larve di Scarabei coprofagi (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Atti Accad. Sc. Torino},
	volume = {96},
	year = {1962},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {575-628},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food, nidification mammals, resources, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Goidanich, A. and Malan, C. E}
}
@article {1807,
	title = {Panamanian Scarabaeinae: taxonomy, distribution and habitats (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae).},
	journal = {Contributions to the American Entomological Institute},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {1981},
	note = {requested 1/23/06},
	pages = {1-204},
	keywords = {central america, dung beetle, feces mammals, feeding, life history, resources},
	author = {Howden, H. F. and Young, O. P}
}
@article {1844,
	title = {Cons{\'e}quences de l{\textquoteright}interaction entre pr{\'e}f{\'e}rences pour l{\textquoteright}habitat et quantite{\textasciiacute} de ressources trophiques sur les communaute{\textasciiacute}s d{\textquoteright}insectes coprophages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {107-119},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food, mammal mammals, resources},
	author = {Kadiri, N. and Lobo, J. M. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1998,
	title = {The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Folia Entomologica Mexicana},
	volume = {12-14},
	year = {1966},
	note = {have copy- need to scan},
	pages = {1-312},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food, mammals, resources},
	author = {Matthews, E. G. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2192,
	title = {Arthropods associated with bovine and equine dung in an ungrazedChihuahuan desert ecosystem},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1983},
	note = {have copy of book},
	pages = {790-796},
	keywords = {Dung, dung beetle, food, mammals mammals, resources},
	author = {Schoenly, K}
}
@article {2287,
	title = {Two species of Canthon Hoffmannsegg feed  on dead and live invertebrates},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {52},
	number = {2},
	year = {1998},
	note = {have copy-need to scan},
	pages = {101-104},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food mammals, Invertebrates-, resources},
	author = {Villalobos, J. and D{\'\i}az, A and Favila, M.}
}
