@article {1476,
	title = {Dung beetles collected from Rafflesia pricei Meijer at the Tambunan Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia},
	journal = {Malayan Nature Journal },
	volume = {50},
	year = {1996},
	note = {julio has hard copy to scanthey found two onthophagus species on the flower, but have no evidence to say that they actual play a role in the pollination ecology of the flowe...},
	pages = {39-41},
	abstract = {Two species of dung beetle were collected from decaying Rafflesin pricei Meijer in Sabah, East Malaysia. The beetles were identified as being saprophagous in habit, and . related to two species known to occur in lowland dipterocarp rainforest. The biological significance of this occurrence is examined.},
	keywords = {annotated, asia, dung beetle, ecological function, malaysia, pollination},
	author = {Davis, A. J. and Lantoh, S.}
}
@article {1916,
	title = {Amounts of dung buried and soil excavated by certain Coprini (Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {6},
	number = {4},
	year = {1933},
	note = {have copy and digital copy (low quality)some observations of his- that 2 Dichotomius carolinus could remove nearly an entire cow pie, that they avoided horse dung. they were very seasonally active- appeared in may and disappeared in october. a single beetle could move between 6.2 and 126.8 grams of manure into their burrow, 11-57 cm deep. removal of between 96.4 and 1220.9g. gives stats of amount of dung removed and soil moved by a few different species. Dung beetle pairs do more (in varying ratios) than single beetles. this paper points to seasonal variation in the depth and distance from the dung pat of tunnels made by D. carolinus, Copris tullis and Phanaeus. these tunnels were all differetly shaped, lacking in branches and pockets and stored manure, all at least twice as deep as others, and may represent their overwintering tunnels},
	pages = {109-125},
	keywords = {annotated, Dung, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, fertilization, nitrogen, soil},
	author = {Lindquist, Arthur}
}
@article {2178,
	title = {A new pollination system: Dung-beetle pollination discovered in Orchidantha inouei (Lowiaceae, Zingiberales) in Sarawak, Malaysia},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {86},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	note = {digitalobligately pollinated by diurnal onthophagus (6-10mm)and secondarily by paragymnopleurus (13-20mm)},
	pages = {56-61},
	abstract = {Lowiaceae, a family of the Zingiberales, comprise 11 species in the single genus Orchidantha. Here we present the first report on the pollination of Lowiaceae and describe a new system of dung-beetle pollination from Sarawak, Borneo. Or- chidantha inouei has a zygomorphic flower located just above the ground. Obser vations revealed that the plant is visited frequently and is pollinated by scarabaeid dung beetles, mainly members of the genus Onthophagus. All four species of Onthophagus collected on O. inouei have also been caught using traps baited with dung or carrion in Borneo. Onthophagus was presumably attracted to the dung-like odor of the flower. Pollination of O. inouei is different from other examples of beetle pollination in that its flower provides neither reward nor protected space. Dung beetles are excellent at following a particular dung scent. Orchidantha is the only genus that includes species lacking floral nectar. It is interesting that this deception pollination using dung beetles was found in Zingiberales, in which all known species have mutual and specialized relationships with their long-distance, but costly, pollinators{\textemdash}bees, birds, and bats. },
	keywords = {annotated, asia, deceit pollination, dung beetle, ecological function, Lowiaceae, mixed dipterocarp forest, pollination, Sarawak, Zingiberales.},
	author = {Sakai, Shoko and Inoue, Tamiji}
}
@article {2334,
	title = {Differences in temporal utilization patterns of dung pats among three scarabaeid dung beetles},
	journal = {Research in Population Ecology},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1987},
	note = {julio has hard copylooks at the temporal patterns of resource use for three of 15 species in a community in Japan. Holter-esque. },
	pages = {167-177},
	keywords = {annotated, Dung beetles, ecological function, ecosystem services, Japan, soil nutrient cycling, temperate ecosystem},
	author = {Yasuda, Hironori}
}
@article {2338,
	title = {Effect of dung beetle Onthophagus lenzii H. on nitrogen transformation in cow dung and dung balls},
	journal = {Soil Science and Plant Nutrition},
	volume = {37},
	number = {2},
	year = {1989},
	note = {julio has hard copythis onthophagus had a significant negative effect on amount of dead or inactive microbes in the residual dung they were working in.  basically all dung demonstrated a flush of mineralization in the first few days. then in unaffected cow dung, mineralized N began to decline, while in dung manipulated by beetles and in the brood balls too, it began to climb. they attribute this effect to the moisture loss of residula dung and dung balls that brough about aerobic conditions under which aerobic miroorganisms that were previously inactive could get going once more. they also suggest that the mechanical breakdown of organic debris in residual dung and dung balls can give those organisms what they need to grow. dung beetles may instigate the penetration of the dung balls by fungal hyphae, where they had only remained on the surface until dung beetle activity. },
	pages = {341-345},
	keywords = {annotated, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem services, microbial activity, nitrogen mineralization, soil nutrient cycling},
	author = {Yokoyama, Kazuhira and Kai, Hideaki and Koga, Takuro and Kawaguchi, Sado}
}
