@article {1332,
	title = {Diversity of dung and carrion beetles in a disturbed Mexican tropical montane cloud forest and on shade coffee plantations},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {601-615},
	abstract = {This paper analyzes the diversity of dung and carrion beetles (Scarabaeinae and Silphidae) in four human-induced habitats of a disturbed tropical montane cloud forest: polyspecific shade coffee plantations, monospecific shade coffee plantations, tropical montane cloud forest fragments, and clear cuts. The four habitats had similar richness, species composition, and assemblage structure of dung and carrion beetles. Differences were found in abundance and biomass levels for the four dominant species in the landscape. Dung beetles were more abundant than carrion beetles, but the biomass was higher for the latter. Carrion beetles were seasonal, while dung beetles were clearly not. When forest fragments and shade coffee plantations were compared to other similar habitats in the region, the same general pattern was observed. However, forests with high disturbance and monospecific shade coffee plantations had lower species richness than forests with low and medium disturbance and polyspecific shade coffee plantations. Thus shade coffee plantations maintain connectivity between patches of cloud forest in a landscape that is strongly affected by human activities. Protecting landscape diversity appears to ensure high species richness.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic change, biodiversity, carrion beetles, dung beetle, fragmentation, modification (biological conservation 2007), shade coffee plantations, tropical montane cloud forest, Veracruz},
	author = {Arellano, Lucrecia and Favila, Mario E and Huerta, Carmen}
}
@article {1846,
	title = {Diversity of dung-beetle community in declining Japanese subalpine forest caused by an increasing sika deer population},
	journal = {Ecological Research},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {135-141},
	abstract = {The Ohdaigahara subalpine plateau in Japan has recently suffered a reduction in primary forest land caused by an increasing population of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Deer have debarked many trees, causing die-back, gradually changing the primary forest first to light forest with a floor that is densely covered with sasa grass (Sasa nipponica) and then to S. nipponica grassland. To examine the effects of vegetative transformation on the dung-beetle community, we compared the diversity and abundance of dung-beetle assemblages in the primary forest, transition forest, and S. nipponica grassland using dung-baited pitfall traps. The species richness and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were significantly highest in the primary forest and lowest in the S. nipponica grassland. The evenness (Smith-Wilson index) was highest in the primary forest and nearly equal in the transition forest and S. nipponica grassland. The abundance was apparently greater in the transition forest than in the primary forest and S. nipponica grassland. These results suggest that loss of primary forest resulting from an increasing deer population decreases the diversity of the dung-beetle community while increasing the abundance of dung beetles in the transition forest. Sika deer use transition forests and grasslands more frequently than primary forests as habitat, but an increase in dung supply there does not necessarily increase the diversity or abundance of dung-beetle assemblages.},
	keywords = {alouatta-palliata, COLEOPTERA, dung beetle, evenness, fragmentation, los-tuxtlas, Mexico, ohdaigahara mammals, primary forest, sasa nipponica, Sasa nipponica grassland, Scarabaeidae, south-africa, transition forest, tropical rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228011500004 },
	author = {Kanda, N. and Yokota, T. and Shibata, E. and Sato, H.}
}
@mastersthesis {1941,
	title = {Distribuici{\'o}n y diversidad de escarabajos copr{\'o}fagos (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) en tres relictos de bosque altoandino (Cordillera Oriental, Vertiente Occidental), Colombia.},
	year = {1996},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {123},
	school = {Pontificia Universidad Javeriana},
	type = {Tesis de Grado},
	address = {Bogot{\'a}. Colombia.},
	keywords = {Colombia, Disturbance, dung beetle, fragmentation, moist tropical forest, scarabaeinae (biological conservation 2007)},
	author = {Lopera, A.}
}
@article {1592,
	title = {Dung beetles in continous forest, forest fragments and in an agricultural mosiac habitat island at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {1903-1918},
	keywords = {conservation, dung beetle, fragmentation, Los Tuxtlas, mammal mammals, Mexico, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {1614,
	title = {Effects of Forest Fragmentation on a Dung Beetle Community in French Guiana},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital  and hard copy},
	pages = {1103-1112},
	abstract = {Abstract: Fragmentation is the most common disturbance induced by humans in tropical forests. Some insect groups are particularly suitable for studying the effects of fragmentation on animal communities because they are taxonomically and ecologically homogenous. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on a dung beetle species community in the forest archipelago created in 1994-1995 by the dam of Petit Saut, French Guiana. We set and baited an equal number of pitfall traps for dung beetles on three mainland sites and seven island sites. The sites ranged from 1.1 to 38 ha. In 250 trap days, we captured 50 species in 19 genera. Diversity indices were high (2.18-4.06). The lowest diversity was on the small islands and one mainland site. Species richness and abundance were positively related to fragment area but not to distance from mainland or distance to the larger island. The islands had lower species richness and population than mainland forest, but rarefied species richness was relatively invariant across sites. There was a marked change in species composition with decreasing fragment that was not caused by the presence of a common fauna of disturbed-area species on islands. Small islands differed from larger islands, which did not differ significantly from mainland sites. Partial correlation analyses suggested that species richness and abundance of dung beetle species were positively related to the number of species of nonflying mammals and the density index of howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus), two parameters positively related to fragment area. Efectos de la Fragmentacion de Bosques sobre una Comunidad de Escarabajos Coprofagos en La Guyana Francesa Resumen: La fragmentacion es la mas comun de las perturbaciones inducidas por humanos en bosques tropicales. Algunos grupos de insectos son particularmente adecuados para estudiar los efectos de la fragmentacion sobre comunidades animales porque son taxonomica y ecologicamente homogeneos. Investigamos los efectos de la fragmentacion de bosques sobre una comunidad de especies de escarabajos coprofagos en el archipielago de bosque creado en 1994-1995 por la presa de Petit Saut, Guyana Francesa. Colocamos y cebamos el mismo numero de trampas para escarabajos coprofagos en tres sitios continentales y siete sitios insulares. Los sitios variaron entre 1.1 y 38 ha. En 250 dias-trampa, capturamos 50 especies en 19 generos. Los indices de diversidad fueron altos (2.18-4.06). La menor diversidad ocurrio en las islas pequenas y en un sitio continental. La riqueza y abundancia de especies se relacionaron positivamente con el area del fragmento pero negativamente con la distancia al continente o a la isla mas grande. Las islas tuvieron menor riqueza de especies y tamano poblacional que el bosque continental, pero la riqueza de especies rarificada fue relativamente invariable en todos los sitios. Hubo un cambio notable en la composicion de especies con la disminucion del fragmento que no se debio a la presencia de una fauna comun de especies de areas perturbadas en las islas. Las islas pequenas difirieron de islas mas grandes que no difirieron significativamente de los sitios continentales. Los analisis de correlacion parcial sugirieron que la riqueza y abundancia de especies de escarabajos coprofagos se correlacionaron positivamente con el numero de especies de mamiferos no voladores y con el indice de densidad de monos aulladores (Alouatta seniculus), dos parametros que se relacionan positivamente con el area del fragmento.},
	keywords = {dung beetle, fragmentation, lago guri mammals, mammal},
	url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/cbi },
	author = {Feer, Francois and Hingrat, Yves}
}
@mastersthesis {2187,
	title = {Fatores determinantes da riqueza local de esp{\'e}cies de Scarabaeidae (Insecta: Cole{\'o}ptera) em fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidec{\'\i}dua},
	volume = {Mestrado},
	year = {2003},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {68},
	school = {Universidade Federal de Lavras},
	address = {Lavras},
	keywords = {(biological conservation 2007), absence, Brasil, brazil, dung beetle, fragmentation, presence, Scarabaeinae, semideciduous},
	author = {Schiffler, Gustavo}
}
@article {2231,
	title = {Loss of dung beetles puts ecosystems in deep doo-doo},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {305},
	number = {5688},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {1230-1231},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecosystem services, fragmentation, function, lago guri, Neotropical, response, trond larsen},
	author = {Stokstad, Erik}
}
@article {2259,
	title = {Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera:Scabaeoidea) de um fragmento de floresta amaz{\^o}nica no estado de Acre, Brasil},
	journal = {Annales da Sociedade de Entomologia Brasil},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {447-453},
	keywords = {Amazonia, Brasil, dung beetle, fragmentation, moist tropical forest (biological conservation 2007)},
	author = {Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.}
}
