@inbook {1417,
	title = {Chapter 9. Dung beetles in tropical savannas},
	booktitle = {Dung beetle ecology},
	year = {1991},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {156-178},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	organization = {Princeton University Press},
	address = {Princeton},
	keywords = {carnivore dung, dung beetle, food mammals, mammal dung, savanna, sisyphus},
	author = {Cambefort, Y.},
	editor = {Hanski, I. and Cambefort, Y.}
}
@article {1555,
	title = {Male reproductive behaviorof the African ball-rolling dung beetle Kheper nigroaeneus (Scarabaedae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {1988},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {17-27},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food resources, generalists, mammal, mammals, savanna},
	author = {Edwards, P. B. and Aschenborn, H. H.}
}
@conference {1883,
	title = {Human influence on the dung fauna in Afrotropical grasslands (Insecta: Coleoptera)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Tropical Biology},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {133-139},
	publisher = {Springer Verlag},
	organization = {Springer Verlag},
	address = {Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany},
	abstract = {Dung beetles are the main dung recyclers in most Afrotropical environments. We compare dung beetle abundance in herbivore dung in West and East African grasslands that are subject to various anthropogenic disturbances. Dung beetles are similarly abundant in grasslands with indigenous wild herbivores and with extensive cattle farming. However, if herbivore dung is regularly removed (i.e. collected by local people for domestic and agricultural use) or not present locally at all, the abundance of dung beetles decreases. The lowest numbers were found in an urban settlement.},
	keywords = {Disturbance, dung beetle, East Africa, land use, savanna, West Africa},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Mahiva, Vincent S. and Kouakou, Celestin and N{\textquoteright}goran, Paul and Krell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia and Newman, Dorothy H. and Weib, Ingo and Doumbia, Mamadou}
}
@article {1888,
	title = {Diplopod defensive secretions as attractants for necrophagous scarab beetles (Diplopoda; Insecta, Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Entomologica Scandinavica},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 26Cited References:      BALTHASAR V, 1966, REICHENBACHIA, V8, P45     BALTHASAR V, 1966, REV ZOOLOGIE BOT AFR, V74, P242     BROWN WL, 1992, PSYCHE, V99, P275     CAMBEFORT Y, 1980, ANN U DABIDJAN E, V13, P61     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P22     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P156     CAMBEFORT Y, 1984, TRAVAUX CHERCHEURS S, V3     DANGERFIELD JM, 1996, MEMOIR MUS NATL HIST, V169, P617     DANGERFIELD JM, 1990, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V34, P141     DEMANGE JM, 1993, MILLEPATTIA, V2, P29     EISNER T, 1978, ARTHROPOD VENOMS, P41     EISNER T, 1965, NAT HIST, V74, P30     GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211     HAACKER U, 1974, S ZOOL SOC LOND, V32, P317     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     HOFFMAN RL, 1996, MYRIAPODOLOGICA, V4, P43     HOPKIN SP, 1992, BIOL MILLIPEDES     ISTASSE A, 1982, ANN SOC ROY ZOOL BEL, V112, P41     KINKEL H, 1955, Z ANGEW ENTOMOL, V37, P401     MAHSBERG D, 1997, ENT SCAND S, V51, P269     OCHI T, IN PRESS GIORNALE IT     ROTH LM, 1962, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V7, P107     SMOLANOFF J, 1975, PSYCHE, V82, P78     STOVE MK, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P23     WALTER P, 1978, THESIS U SCI TECHNIQ     WHEELER JW, 1964, SCIENCE, V144, P540EnglishArticle51YW107ENTOMOL SCAND},
	pages = {281-285},
	abstract = {The necrophagous dung beetle Onthophagus latigibber d{\textquoteright}Orbigny, 1902 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was attracted in large numbers to diplopod carcasses. The attractiveness of diplopod (Spirobolida) defensive secretions to three Onthophagus species was demonstrated in field experiments. Since these beetles are attracted by a repellent, they have the advantage of being the first and exclusive users of freshly dead diplopods.},
	keywords = {attractant, COLEOPTERA, defensive secretions, Diplopoda, millipede, necrocenosis, quinones, savanna, Scarabaeidae, tropical Africa},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000071897600036},
	author = {Krell, F. T. and Schmitt, T. and Linsenmair, K. E.}
}
@article {2021,
	title = {Contribution of Onthophagus gazella to soil fertility improvement by bovine fecal mass incorporation into the soil. 1. Greenhouse studies},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia-Brazilian Journal of Animal Science},
	volume = {27},
	number = {4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 13Cited References:      ADLER PR, 1985, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V16, P1153     AFZAL M, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1160     BIANCHIN I, 1992, HORA VET, V11, P43     BREMNER JM, 1965, METHODS SOIL ANAL 2, P1179     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P36     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P255     FLECHTMANN CAH, 1995, R PARAS ENTOMOL, V39, P237     GALBIATI C, 1995, ECOSSISTEMA, V20, P109     HAYNES RJ, 1993, ADV AGRON, V49, P119     LEE KE, 1982, INT C SOIL ZOOL LOUV, V6, P35     MIRANDA CHB, 1997, REUN AN SOC BRAS ZOO, V2, P127     SCHNITZER M, 1978, SOIL ORGANIC MATTER     WHITEHEAD DC, 1995, GRASSLAND NITROGENPortugueseArticle138EDREV BRAS ZOOTECN},
	month = {Jul-Aug},
	pages = {681-685},
	abstract = {The incorporation of fresh bovine fecal mass by Onthophagus gazella on a Purple Latosol from Cerrados region in Campo Grande, MS and its contribution to green matter production and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content of Brachiaria decumbens were studied, under partial lab and greenhouse controlled conditions. Sixty pots containing 10 kg of that soil were prepared for the following treatments: control (without beetle) and 3, 6 and 12 pairs of O. gazella, with 15 replicates for each treatment. After distribution of the treatments, 400 g of fresh bovine fecal mass were added to each treatment, followed by further additions of 300 g at day two and 300 g at four days after the first addition, which resulted in a total of 159 g of dry mass added. Ten days after the first addition, non incorporated feces in the soil were collected, and twenty days after seven seedlings of Brachiaria decumbens were transplanted to each pot. At 45, 65, and 85 days after planting, five replicates per treatment were harvested, and the shoot and root plant separated to determine vegetal mass production, by its dry matter weight. From the material harvest at the 85 days, the N and P contents were also determined. From the 159 g added, 75.1, 110.8, and 132.5 g were incorporated, in the treatment 3, 6, and 12 beetle pairs, respectively, which influenced plant establishment and production, as well as its N and P total content. Such a contribution was even more evident with the increase of incorporated biomass, which was proportional to the number of beetle pairs. The appearance of earthworms (non-identified) in the O. gazella treatments was observed, which did not occur in the control. These results attest the important contribution of this beetle specie to the grassland soils fertility.},
	keywords = {Brachiaria decumbens, Brazilian, dung beetle, pasture, savanna, soil biology},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076957700008},
	author = {Miranda, C. H. B. and dos Santos, J. C. C. and Bianchin, I.}
}
@article {2220,
	title = {Rapid turnover and edge effects in dung beetle assemblages (Scarabaeidae) at a Bolivian Neotropical forest-savanna ecotone},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {35},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {744QYBIOTROPICA},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {394-404},
	abstract = {Habitat fragmentation and the widespread creation of habitat edges have recently stimulated interest in assessing the effects of ecotones on biodiversity. Ecotones, natural or anthropogenic, can greatly affect faunal movement, population dynamics, species interactions, and community structure. Few data exist, however, on insect community response to forest- savanna ecotones, a natural analog to anthropogenically cleared areas adjacent to forest. In this study, the abundance, total biomass, average individual biomass, and distribution of scarabaeine dung beetles were examined at a sharp tropical evergreen forest-savanna ecotone in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The abundance, total biomass, and average individual biomass of dung beetles varied significantly across the forest, edge, and savanna habitats. Species richness (S-obs) also varied significantly across the three habitats, but statistical estimations of true species richness (S-est) did not. Habitat specificity of the dung beetles in this study was extremely high. Of the 50 most common species collected during the study, only 2 species were collected in both the forest and savanna habitats, signaling nearly complete community turnover in just a few meters. Strong edge effects were evidenced by the decline in abundance, total biomass, and species richness at the forest-savanna boundary.},
	keywords = {beta diversity, Bolivia, boundaries, Central Amazonia, COLEOPTERA, communities, conservation, Dung beetles, dynamics, ecotone, edge, fragmented forests, gradients, patterns, responses, savanna, tropical forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000186644700009},
	author = {Spector, S. and Ayzama, S.}
}
