@article {1338,
	title = {A simple assay to determine the nutrional suitability of cattle dung for coprophagous beetles },
	journal = {Entomologia experimentalis et applicata},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1989},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {73-79},
	abstract = {An assay using extracted dung fluid was developed to provide an objective method of assessing the suitability of cattle dung for the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. Fluid was extracted from whole dung by twisting gauze-wrapped samples by hand, or by use of an hydraulic press set sequentially at 2 MPa, 6 MPa and 10 MPa. Artificial dung was made by adding dung fluid to shredded fibre-board in a 15 : 1 weight ratio. The rate of brood-ball ( = egg) production by female E. intermedius fed on the artificial dung made from fluid extracted by the hydraulic press at 2 MPa was the same as that on natural whole dung. Reproductive performance on all artificial dungs was significantly correlated with the percent dry matter content of the dung fluid used in the mixture. Thus the percent dry matter in the fluid extracted at 2 MPa pressure provides an objective measurement for comparing the quality of different dungs as food for adult E. intermedius, without the need for performing bioassays. The results confirm that the fluid component of dung is the major source of nutrition for adult dung beetles. },
	keywords = {cattle dung, coprophagous beetles, dung beetle, Euoniticellus, food, mammals, nutrition, resources},
	author = {Aschenborn, H. H. and Loughnan, M. L. and Edwards, P. B.}
}
@article {1343,
	title = {Effects of paracoprid dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) on the growth of pasture herbage and on the underlying soil},
	journal = {Applied Soil Ecology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL\&_udi=B6T4B-4F29SYH-1\&_user=686380\&_rdoc=1\&_fmt=\&_orig=search\&_sort=d\&view=c\&_acct=C000037521\&_version=1\&_urlVersion=0\&_userid=686380\&md5=f15c8507f0daa16078938ddb5d646133julio has hard copy},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {165-171},
	abstract = {Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine effects of three paracoprid dung beetles, Copris ochus (Motschulsky), Copris tripartitus Waterhouse and Onthophagus lenzii Harold, on the growth of pasture herbage and physical characteristics of the underlying soil. Treatments consisted of beetles plus dung, dung only and controls with neither dung nor beetles present. In the field in 2001, higher herbage yields were obtained with O. lenzii >= C. ochus = C. tripartitus >= only dung = control after 5 months. The air permeability of soil at a depth of 10 cm was highest when C. ochus was present (0.56 cm h(-1)), and lowest in the control (0.38 cm h(-1)). However, no significant differences were found among treatments in air permeability at 20 cm. In 2002/2003, the presence of all three species of dung beetle together was associated with higher herbage yields and with higher percentage nitrogen content than the control. In the laboratory, the presence of C. ochus and C. tripartitus was found to increase significantly the total crude protein in grass shoots and total digestible nutrient, compared with the control. The digestibility, dry intake and relative feed value of perennial ryegrass were highest where feces had been buried by O. lenzii. Acid detergent fiber was low in all treatments. The data suggest that the tunneling of paracoprid beetles improves the physicochemical characteristics of soil and increases the feed value of herbage by mixing and incorporating organic matter into the soil.},
	keywords = {aphodius, cattle dung, cow dung, Dung beetles, earthworms, ecological function, ecosystem services, feed value, herbage yield, nitrogen, soil aeration},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000229792300006 },
	author = {Bang, Hea Son and Lee, Joon-Ho and Kwon, Oh Seok and Na, Young Eun and Jang, Yong Seon and Kim, Won Ho}
}
@article {1385,
	title = {Interactions between dung, plants and the dung fauna in a heathland in northern Italy},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {43},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 58Cited References:      ANDERSON JR, 1984, J ECON ENTOMOL, V77, P133     BISTROM O, 1991, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V27, P53     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1976, AUSTR MEAT RES COMMI, V30, P1     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1970, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V10, P1     BREYMEYER A, 1974, EKOL POL, V22, P617     BRYAN RP, 1976, AUSTR J AGR RES, V27, P567     CALAFIORI MH, 1979, INFLUENCIA DICHOTOMI     CAMBEFORT Y, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P17     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P51     DEBIAGGI E, 1990, RIV PIEMONTESE STORI, V11, P3     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P97     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P255     DOUBE BM, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P371     DOUBE BM, 1988, ECOL ENTOMOL, V13, P251     ELLENBERG H, 1986, VEGETATION ECOLOGY C     FINCHER GT, 1986, BIOL CONTROL MUSCOID     FINCHER GT, 1981, J GA ENTOMOL SOC, V16, P316     FINCHER GT, 1975, J PARASITOL, V61, P759     FINCHER GT, 1973, J PARASITOL, V59, P396     GILLARD P, 1967, J AUST I AGR SCI, V33, P30     GUGLIELMETTOMUG.L, 1996, ALLIONIA, V34, P343     HALFFTER O, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P5     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P375     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P475     HOLTER P, 1983, EARTHWORM ECOLOGY, P49     HOLTER P, 1988, HOLARCTIC ECOL, V11, P81     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOLTER P, 1979, OIKOS, V32, P393     HOLTER P, 1975, OIKOS, V26, P177     HUGHES RD, 1978, B ENTOMOL RES, V68, P361     HUGHES RD, 1985, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V24, P65     HUGHES RD, 1975, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V14, P129     KABIR SMH, 1985, BANGLADESH J AGR, V10, P49     KIRK AA, 1982, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P129     KIRK AA, 1992, ENTOMOPHAGA, V37, P507     LAMARET JP, 1991, DRUG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P97     LUMARET JP, 1983, B SOC ENTOMOL FR, V88, P481     LUMARET JP, 1980, ECOL MEDIT, V5, P51     LUMARET JP, 1990, MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT     MACQUEEN A, 1975, CAN J PLANT SCI, V55, P961     MITTAL IC, 1993, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V34, P150     NAKAMURA Y, 1975, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V15, P129     PAPP L, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA H, V54, P107     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1988, B ENTOMOL RES, V78, P633     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1986, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V41, P83     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V32, P80     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, P 3 AUST C GRASSL IN     ROUGON D, 1981, AGECOP LIAISON, V59, P36     ROUGON D, 1988, REV ECOLOGIE BIOL SO, V25, P413     SALIN M, 1992, APPL STAT CON SPSS     SESTINI A, 1957, ITALIA FISICA     UREN SC, 1997, J APPL ECOL, V34, P208     VALIELA I, 1974, AM MIDL NAT, V92, P370     WASSMER T, 1995, ACTA OECOL, V16, P461     WATERHOUSE DF, 1974, SCI AM, V230, P100     ZUNINO M, 1994, ECOLOGY ETHOLOGY EVO, V6, P451EnglishArticle175KVPEDOBIOLOGIA},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {97-109},
	abstract = {The influence of the insect fauna on cattle dung degradation and the development of a natural vegetal community was studied during three successive summers in a heathland in northern Italy. In 1992 and 1993, small (864 cm(2)) rectangular iron sheet frames were placed on the ground and assigned to three experimental groups: one (Control) had no dung, the second contained an artificially made (0.5 kg) dung pat protected with a mesh in order to exclude insects, while the third group contained dung which was colonised by insects. Above-ground primary production within the cages was collected at regular intervals from June to September. Dung addition had a huge effect on plant growth in both years (+29-31 \%), in addition to this, in the first year, but not in the second, dung insects transferred to the soil an amount of organic material that also significantly stimulated (+14.5 \%) the external growth of the plants. We suggest that the difference between 1992 and 1993 could have been determined by different numbers of grazing cattle in the study area: in consequence of this, we hypothesise that dung insects populations were larger and more active in the first year compared with the second. In 1994, the role of the insect fauna on dung degradation was investigated in greater detail. The total dry matter decrease in dung attributable to the activity of the insect community, after 20 days from dung deposition, was 18.4 \% of the original dry weight; of that percentage, less than one third (5.8 \%) was related to underground nesting (paracoprid) beetles. Earthworms were not active in the season when our survey was carried out. We concluded that the dung insect fauna can influence dung degradation and the growth of a natural plant community occurring on an acidic and impoverished soil, but that these effects are only of minor importance. This seems to be a consequence of the low densities of dung beetles in the study area and the absence of large-sized paracoprid and telecoprid scarabaeid species.},
	keywords = {abundance, beetles coleoptera, bush fly, cattle dung, disappearance, dung degradation, dung fauna, earthworms, Europe, muscidae, plant growth, Scarabaeidae, sheep dung, vetustissima walker diptera},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000079093300001},
	author = {Borghesio, L. and Luzzatto, M. and Palestrini, C.}
}
@article {1449,
	title = {Dung beetle activity and the development of trichostrongylid eggs into infective larvae in cattle faeces},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	volume = {118},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {julio has hard copy disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	month = {Dec 1},
	pages = {157-163},
	abstract = {In the perspective to reduce the use of antiparasitic drugs, any interaction between the processes that control the development of parasite eggs into infective larval stages (L3) in dung and the activities of different dung-breeding organisms becomes of interest. The objective of the present study was to determine whether dung beetle activity affected the development of parasite larvae in cattle dung. Faeces containing eggs of parasites (predominately Cooperia spp.) were pooled according to high (250-600 epg) or low (approx. 100 epg) egg counts. Experimental dung pats were formed for each category of faeces and to half of these pats, dung beetles (20 Aphodius rufipes, 20 A. scybalarius syn. rufus) were added and kept for 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90\% RH (+/-5\% RH). Beetles were then removed and the pats were divided in two where half the pat was incubated for an additional 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90\% RH (+/-5\% RH) and the other half was immediately analysed. A greater number of L3 were recovered from the dung subjected to beetle activity compared with control dung (P < 0.001). However, following an additional 12 days incubation of the dung, similar numbers of L3 were recovered from beetle-affected dung with high egg counts, whereas there were significantly greater numbers of L3 derived from the control dung (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in L3 recovery in the two categories of pats (i.e. high and low nematode egg counts). The results indicate that activity by Aphodius spp. in fresh dung can optimise conditions for nematode development to the infective larval stage if favourable environmental conditions prevail. Such synergistic effect may be due to the fact that dung beetles used in this study are dung dwellers, i.e. no substantial amount of the dung is removed or burrowed as these beetles feed, lay their eggs and the larval development takes place in brood chambers inside the dung. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Aphodius spp., avermectins, cattle dung, cattle-nematoda, cooperia-oncophora, Dung beetles, free-living stages, grazing cattle, impact, ivermectin dung beetle, nematode parasites, ostertagia-ostertagi, SURVIVAL, sweden},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000187397900017},
	author = {Chirico, J. and Wiktelius, S. and Waller, P. J.}
}
@article {1450,
	title = {Dung beetle activity and the development of trichostrongylid eggs into infective larvae in cattle faeces},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	volume = {118},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {julio has hard copy},
	month = {Dec 1},
	pages = {157-163},
	abstract = {In the perspective to reduce the use of antiparasitic drugs, any interaction between the processes that control the development of parasite eggs into infective larval stages (L3) in dung and the activities of different dung-breeding organisms becomes of interest. The objective of the present study was to determine whether dung beetle activity affected the development of parasite larvae in cattle dung. Faeces containing eggs of parasites (predominately Cooperia spp.) were pooled according to high (250-600 epg) or low (approx. 100 epg) egg counts. Experimental dung pats were formed for each category of faeces and to half of these pats, dung beetles (20 Aphodius rufipes, 20 A. scybalarius syn. rufus) were added and kept for 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90\% RH (+/-5\% RH). Beetles were then removed and the pats were divided in two where half the pat was incubated for an additional 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90\% RH (+/-5\% RH) and the other half was immediately analysed. A greater number of L3 were recovered from the dung subjected to beetle activity compared with control dung (P < 0.001). However, following an additional 12 days incubation of the dung, similar numbers of L3 were recovered from beetle-affected dung with high egg counts, whereas there were significantly greater numbers of L3 derived from the control dung (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in L3 recovery in the two categories of pats (i.e. high and low nematode egg counts). The results indicate that activity by Aphodius spp. in fresh dung can optimise conditions for nematode development to the infective larval stage if favourable environmental conditions prevail. Such synergistic effect may be due to the fact that dung beetles used in this study are dung dwellers, i.e. no substantial amount of the dung is removed or burrowed as these beetles feed, lay their eggs and the larval development takes place in brood chambers inside the dung. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Aphodius spp., avermectins, cattle dung, cattle-nematoda, cooperia-oncophora, Dung beetles, free-living stages, grazing cattle, impact, IVERMECTIN, nematode parasites, ostertagia-ostertagi, SURVIVAL, sweden},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000187397900017},
	author = {Chirico, J. and Wiktelius, S. and Waller, P. J.}
}
@article {1530,
	title = {Trophic preferences mediated by olfactory cues in dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {370-377},
	abstract = {Scarab beetles colonizing vertebrate feces are considered polyphagous insects, because they often use dung of several species. However, recent works have provided evidence for strong feeding preferences in some dung beetle species. The influence of dung odors in the process of resource selection by beetles has not received attention. The objective of this study was to investigate trophic preferences in Mediterranean dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung. The pattern of resource use by insects was studied using series of pitfall traps baited with cattle or horse dung in three different sites of south-central France. A total of 4,276 insects belonging to 39 species were captured. Cattle dung attracted more insects than horse feces (2,570 versus 1,706 individuals). Twenty-four of the 39 beetle species collected had clear feeding preferences for cattle dung (13 species) or horse dung (11 species). None of these species seemed linked exclusively to one kind of dung. The behavioral responses of seven scarab beetles to volatile compounds emitted by cattle and horse dung were compared in laboratory olfactometer bioassays. Three insect species (Aphodius erraticus, A. scrutator, Onthophagus vacca) were more attracted to volatile compounds from cattle dung. Two other species (Euonthophagus amyntas, Bubas bubalus) orientated preferentially toward horse dung volatiles. Except for two species, beetles were thus attracted to volatiles from the dung type they preferred in the field. The reasons why coprophagous beetles show local feeding preferences for particular dung types are discussed.},
	keywords = {bait, burial, capacity, cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, colonization, communities, dung beetle, Dung beetles, feces, food, horse dung, mammal mammals, olfactometer, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, trophic preferences},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220856500033},
	author = {Dormont, L. and Epinat, G. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1684,
	title = {Life history traits and resource utilisation in an assemblage of north temperate Aphodius dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {55-66},
	abstract = {To help understand and interpret the structure and function of Aphodius dung beetle assemblages, life history traits and resource utilisation were studied for the ten species comprising the local assemblage of intensively grazed pastures in southern Ireland. Most species were univoltine but one species (A. fimetarius) was at least partly bivoltine. However, temporal overlap in adult flight periods does not necessarily imply overlap in resource use. Three different strategies of ovarian development were distinguished and were related to the preferred oviposition site and successional occurrence of the various species. Evidence suggested that absence of mature eggs in a female{\textquoteright}s ovaries did not necessarily imply that a female was in a non-reproductive state. Two species (A. prodromus and A. sphacelatus) did not breed in dung; in the laboratory larvae were reared in decaying vegetation. One species (A. erraticus) developed in brood masses beneath the dung pat. Larvae of all the other species developed within the dung pat. There were consistent interspecific differences in the larval development rates, with two species (A. rufipes and A. rufus) overwintering mainly as prepupae and the other species mainly as adults. Previous studies have considered Aphodius assemblages as single guilds but the detailed natural histories of these species may affect guild designation.},
	keywords = {cattle dung, community, coprophagous beetles, Europe, GUILD},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WK11400006 },
	author = {Gittings, T. and Giller, P. S.}
}
@article {1758,
	title = {Dung decomposition and pedoturbation in a seasonally dry tropical pasture},
	journal = {Biology and Fertility of Soils},
	volume = {23},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have copy},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {177-181},
	keywords = {Australia, beetles scarabaeidae, burial, cattle dung, decomposition, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, FIELD, fly, insect, parasite, pedoturbation, productivity, soil restoration, SURVIVAL, termites, tropical pastures},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VM70800014},
	author = {Herrick, J. E. and Lal, R.}
}
@article {1827,
	title = {Impacto ambiental de la ivermectina eliminada por bovinos tratados en otono, sobre la coprofauna y la degradacion de la materia fecal en pasturas (Tandil, Argentina)},
	journal = {Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias},
	volume = {34},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {83-103},
	abstract = {A trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of the ivermectin eliminated in the feces of treated calves on the coprofaune and on the physical degradation of dung pats naturally deposited during the autumn in the Tandil zone. Two experimental groups, located in different paddocks, were used. One group was treated subcutaneously with ivermectin (0,2 mg.kg) and the other remained as control group. The spot where feces were naturally evacuated in day 1,3,7,14, and 21 post treatment (dpt) was clearly identify. Fecal pats of each group were sampled at 1,3,7,14,21,30 and 60 days post deposition (dpd). The ivermectin concentration and organic matter percentage were determined and the arthropods present were collected. All the fecal samples of the treated calves presented drug, being samples on 1 and 3 dpt samples those with the higher concentration and higher organic matter content (p<0.05) for the whole experimental period too. Abundance and diversity of arthropods was reduced in samples from treated group (p<0.05). This effect was marked when comparing adults and larvae of nematocera and braquicera diptera and gamasida, actinedida and acaridida acari. Other groups of organisms showed reduced parameters without statistical significance. Also, the highest reductions in abundance and diversity were obtained in fecal samples of treated group at 1, 3 and 7 dpt in agreement with the highest concentration of ivermectin and the highest organic matter percentage. Consistently, the ivermectin eliminatedby cattle treated in autumn affect the faecal natural colonization of dung and delays the faecal degradation in the environment. },
	keywords = {Argentina, cattle dung, coprofile arthropods, ecotoxicity, IVERMECTIN},
	isbn = {0325-8718 print 1669-231},
	author = {Iglesias, L. E. and Saumell, C. A. and Fuse, L. A. and Lifschitz, A. L. and Rodriguez, E. M. and Steffan, P. E. and Fiel, C. A.}
}
@article {1970,
	title = {Insects (Arthropoda: Insecta) collected on bovine feces after different times of field exposure in Itumbiara, Goias, Brazil},
	journal = {Arq. Instituto de Biologia, Sao Paulo},
	volume = {70},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	month = {jul/sep},
	pages = {377-380},
	abstract = {The collection of insects in cattle dung deposited in pasture were observed from January to October 2001 in Itumbiara, Goias, Brasil. Cattle dung pats were exposed at a pasture for 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 and 240 hours and were than taken to the laboratory separate from each other, for Diptera extraction. A total of 100 dung pats were exposed at pasture. A total of 3,229 Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) and 3,099 Diptera were collected. The most abundant species dipterous were: Palaeosepsis spp. and Sarcophagula occidua and coleopterous: Ataenius aequalis e Aphodius lividus. The periods of the highest population peak were: 24, 48 and 72 hours.},
	keywords = {brazil, cattle dung, diptera, Insecta, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Marchiori, Carlos H.}
}
@article {1636,
	title = {Experimental investigations of colonisation by north temperate dung beetles of different types of domestic herbivore dung},
	journal = {Applied Soil Ecology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 33Cited References:      ASCHENBORN HH, 1989, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V53, P73     BARBERO E, 1999, J INSECT CONSERVATIO, V3, P75     BISTROM O, 1991, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V2, P53     BREYMEYER A, 1975, B ACAD POLONAISE SB, V23, P173     DADOUR IR, 1996, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V25, P1026     DANIEL WW, 1978, APPL NONPARAMETRIC S     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     FINN JA, 1998, APPL SOIL ECOL, V10, P27     FINN JA, 2000, ECOGRAPHY, V23, P301     FINN JA, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P24     FINN JA, 1998, THESIS NATL U IRELAN, P199     GITTINGS T, 1998, ECOGRAPHY, V21, P581     GITTINGS T, 1997, ECOGRAPHY, V20, P55     GITTINGS T, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P455     GITTINGS T, 1994, THESIS NATL U IRELAN, P323     GREENHAM PM, 1972, J ANIM ECOL, V41, P153     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HIMMELSBACH W, 1993, THESIS FREIBURG     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P375     HOLTER P, 1983, EARTHWORM ECOLOGY, P49     HOLTER P, 1979, ECOL ENTOMOL, V4, P317     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOLTER P, 1979, OIKOS, V32, P393     KIELY J, 1984, SOIL SURVEY B FORAS, V38     LUMARET JP, 1993, J APPL ECOL, V30, P428     MACQUEEN A, 1986, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V25, P23     OLECHOWICZ E, 1974, ECOL POL, V22, P589     PALMER WA, 1983, PROT ECOL, V5, P153     RAINIO M, 1966, ANN ZOOL FENN, V3, P88     RASSI P, 1991, 30 MIN ENV, P328     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1986, B ENTOMOL RES, V76, P63     SOWIG P, 1994, ZOOL JB SYST, V121, P171     TYNDALEBISCOE M, 1981, B ENTOMOL RES, V71, P137EnglishArticle578NGAPPL SOIL ECOL},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Field experiments investigated the colonisation by a north temperate dung beetle community (Aphodius, Geotrupes and Sphaeridium species) of artificial, standardised (11) dung pats from native herbivore species (cow, horse and sheep). An additional experiment compared the colonisation by dung beetles of five different types of cow dung. These experiments did not examine naturally occurring dung pats, but used experimental dung pats to examine the ability of north temperate dung beetles to discriminate among different dung types. A small number of laboratory experiments investigated pat residence times (PRT) and larval production across different dung types. There were significant differences in the biomass and abundance of dung beetle colonisation across different dung types. Sheep dung tended to have highest abundances of beetles, but there was evidence of species-specific differences in dung beetle colonisation of the different kinds of dung. In two out of three comparisons, laboratory experiments provided evidence that adult PRT were significantly different among different kinds of dung. In each of three laboratory experiments, larval production was significantly higher in sheep than cow dung pats of the same size. The relevance of these findings to the interpretation of what constitutes a dung type preference is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {abundance, aphodius, assemblage, cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, colonisation, disappearance, dung beetle, Onthophagus, resource, resource utilization, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, seasonal-changes, utilisation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000177123900001},
	author = {Finn, J. A. and Giller, P. S.}
}
@article {1670,
	title = {Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae) Attracted to Fresh Cattle Dung in Wooded and Open Pasture},
	journal = {Community and Ecosystem Ecology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {5},
	year = {1995},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {1063-1068},
	keywords = {cattle dung, Dung, dung beetle, ecology, habitat change mammals},
	author = {Galante, E. and Mena, Javier and Lumbreras, Carlos J.}
}
@article {2009,
	title = {Coleoptera associated with undisturbed cow pats in pastures in southeastern Brazil},
	journal = {Neotropical Entomology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {6},
	year = {2006},
	month = {nov/dec},
	pages = {715-723},
	abstract = {Coleoptera associated to undisturbed cattle droppings in pastures present great diversity and abundance. Several species are of primary veterinary importance for they may act as natural enemies of pest insects that breed in this habitat. To survey the diversity and abundance of Coleoptera associated to undisturbed cattle droppings, four undisturbed cattle dung pats naturally dropped in pastures and 5 cm of the soil immediately beneath them were collected almost allweekly from april 1992 to april 1994 in a farm located in the vicinity of São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Beetles were collected from the pats both using Berlese funnels and by allowing the beetles to emerge for 30 to 40 days. A total of 24,332 specimens belonging to 13 beetle families and at least 66 species were identifi ed. The most abundant and diverse families were Aphodiidae, Staphylinidae and Scarabaeidae. In general, the Coleoptera were more abundant in the warmer and wet period, from October to March, with a few exceptions. The importance of the beetles, both as horn fl y natural enemies and as cattle dung decaying agents, is discussed.},
	keywords = {biological control, cattle dung, diversity, dung beetle},
	author = {Mendes, Julio and Linhares, A. X.}
}
@article {2153,
	title = {Acaros das familias Scutacaridae e Pygmephoridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associados a besouros coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) no Brasil},
	journal = {Neotropical Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {387-390},
	abstract = {Dung beetles were collected in pasture areas in Piracicaba (State of São Paulo), Aquidauana (State of Mato Grosso do Sul) and Capão do Leão (State of Rio Grande do Sul). In the first two sites, the beetles were collected in pitfall traps, while in the third site they were collected in a light trap. Mites of the families Scutacaridae and Pygmephoridae were commonly found on those beetles. In the family Scutacaridae, the following species were found: Pygmodispus (Pygmodispus) bicornutus Ebermann \& Rodrigues, Scutacarus longitarsus (Berlese) and Scutacarus sp. In the family Pygmephoridae, the following genera were found: Elattoma, Bakerdania, Elattosoma, Pediculaster sp. near brasiliensis and Sicilipes. Only female mites were collected. },
	keywords = {cattle dung, ecology, pasture, phoresy},
	author = {Rodrigues, Sergio R. and Marchini, Luis C. and Carbonari, Jairo J.}
}
@article {2222,
	title = {Endoparasite control strategies: Implications for biodiversity of native fauna},
	journal = {International Journal for Parasitology},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {173-180},
	abstract = {Efforts to control the spectrum of diseases that affect humans, our crops and our animals pose problems which need to be debated openly. Widespread use of chemicals in such a broad sphere raises important concerns not only about safety for the users, consumers and target species, but especially about the not so obvious effects upon the ecosystems in which they are used. Some undetermined level of biological diversity is necessary to maintain ecological function and resilience. These, in turn, are necessary for generating the biological resources (trees, fish, wildlife, crops) and ecological services (watershed protection, air cleansing, climate stabilisation, erosion control) on which economic activity and human welfare depend, The driving forces behind decline of biodiversity stem entirely from human activities. Underlying causes are those resulting from the cultural and social factors associated with economic activities and lead to direct depletion of species, and degradation or destruction of habitats. The broad spectrum and high efficacy of the macrocyclic lactones against nematode and arthropod parasites of livestock and companion animals are unprecedented. Cattle, horses, sheep, swine, dogs-to varying degrees all are utilised by humans for economic gain. Detrimental impact upon non-target animals is considered acceptable in eradicating parasites because of their economic importance to commercial livestock production. Production will increase when these parasites are eliminated, but we remain oblivious to the long-term consequences of our actions, What are the ecological limits to rural economic activities? Decomposing animal faeces help to maintain our ecosystem by returning valuable nutrients to the soil. Dung fauna-fungi, yeast, bacteria, nematodes, insects and earthworms-play a non-conspicuous but important and varied role in this decomposition process, a role dependent upon many factors, especially environmental ones, Anthelmintics and pesticides are of considerable value in agriculture, but largely at an unevaluated cost to the greater environment, We have insufficient knowledge of the extent to which a spectrum of anthelmintics and pesticides affect ecological function and ecosystem resilience in our commercial plant and animal production systems. It is time we developed a genuine interest in avoiding {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}the dialogue of the deaf{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} that in the past has minimised interdisciplinary research between environmental ecology and commercial plant and animal production. (C) 1997 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {anthelmintics, ANTIPARASITIC DRUG IVERMECTIN, avermectins, biological diversity, cattle dung, ecological function, ecological resilience, macrocyclic lactones, musca-vetustissima, pastureland ecology, pesticides, scarabaeine dung beetle, TREATING CATTLE},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WN33300006},
	author = {Spratt, D. M.}
}
@article {2341,
	title = {A preliminary study on cow dung decomposition by Onthophagus lenzii Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): physical breakdown of organic matter},
	journal = {Edaphologia},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1990},
	note = {julio has hard copy to scandoesn{\textquoteright}t rreally pertain to anything we{\textquoteright}re working with here},
	pages = {43},
	keywords = {cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, Insecta, nitrogen mi, Onthophagus lenzii ( Scarabaeinae ) : Biological breakdown, physical breakdown of organic matter, Polyphaga, Scarabaeinae : Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Yokoyama, K. and Miyau, N.}
}
