@article {1478,
	title = {The effects of rainforest canopy loss on arboreal dung beetles in Borneo: implications for the measurement of biodiversity in derived tropical ecosystems},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {167-173},
	keywords = {ainforest canopy, arthropods, diversit, Dung beetles, selectiv logging, species richness},
	author = {Davis, A. J. and Sutton, S. L.}
}
@article {1527,
	title = {Trophic structure stability and extinction dynamics of beetles (Coleoptera) in tropical forest fragments},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences},
	volume = {353},
	number = {1367},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ZL796PHIL TRANS ROY SOC LONDON B},
	month = {Mar 29},
	pages = {437-451},
	abstract = {A first analysis of the stability of trophic structure following tropical forest fragmentation was performed in an experimentally fragmented tropical forest landscape in Central Amazonia. A taxonomically and trophically diverse assemblage of 993 species of beetles was sampled from 920 m(2) of leaf litter at 46 sites, varying in distance from forest edge and fragment area. Beetle density increased significantly towards the forest: edge and showed non-linear changes with fragment area, due to the influx of numerous disturbed-area species into 10 ha and 1 ha fragments. There was a marked change in species composition with both decreasing distance from forest edge and decreasing fragment area, but surprisingly this change in composition was not accompanied by a change in species richness. Rarefied species richness did not vary significantly across any of the sites, indicating that local extinctions of deep forest species were balanced by equivalent colonization rates of disturbed-area species. The change in species composition with fragmentation was non-random across trophic groups. Proportions of predator species and xylophage species changed significantly with distance from forest edge, but no area-dependent changes in proportions of species in trophic groups were observed. Trophic structure was also analysed with respect to proportions of abundance in six trophic groups. Proportions of abundance of all trophic groups except xylomycetophages changed markedly with respect to both distance from forest edge and fragment area. Local extinction probabilities calculated far individual beetle species supported theoretical predictions of the differential susceptibility of higher trophic levels to extinction, and of changes in trophic structure following forest fragmentation. To reduce random effects due to sampling error, only abundant species (n greater than or equal to 46) were analysed for extinction probabilities, as defined by absence from samples. Of these common species, 27\% had significantly higher probabilities of local extinction following fragmentation. The majority of these species were predators; 42\% of all abundant predator species were significantly more likely to be absent from samples in forest fragments than in undisturbed forest. These figures are regarded as minimum estimates for the entire beetle assemblage because rarer species drill inevitably have higher extinction probabilities. Absolute loss of biodiversity will affect ecosystem process rates, but the differential loss of species from trophic groups will have an even greater destabilizing effect on food web structure and ecosystem function.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000073472400008},
	author = {Didham, R. K. and Lawton, J. H. and Hammond, P. M. and Eggleton, P.}
}
@article {1933,
	title = {Sampling dung beetles in the French Mediterranean area: Effects of abiotic factors and farm practices},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {42},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {101YRPEDOBIOLOGIA},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {252-266},
	abstract = {1. The confidence limits and the validity of the results obtained by using dung-baited traps were examined in five sites in southern France, which were very close together and similar for most environmental variables but differed in their pastoral history. Site 1 was a virgin site which had been grazed for only a few months by cattle; site 2 had been grazed for 10 years by cattle but the cattle herd had been removed in the previous year; the other three sites had been grazed by sheep, more or less extensively, for many years. 2. Beetle abundance, biomass or richness were not correlated with temperature and precipitation, but were significantly correlated with radiant energy. The energy necessary for flight activity was probably related to the radiant energy level at the soil surface. This allowed identification of the most favourable periods for sampling. 3. At the sites with at present limited resources, the mean biomass of trapped beetles decreased rapidly when repetitive trappings were carried out over several days. An intense trapping during a continuous period led to an underestimate of the number of beetles, due to site impoverishment. When the cattle herd was removed and dung was therefore not available, the trappings made a few months later overestimated the number of beetles. In contrast, after the establishment of a new large cattle herd in a virgin site, formerly free of grazing, the baited traps underestimated the number of beetles, due to the amount of dung present in the vicinity of the traps. 4. One trapping session and five traps collected 75-80\% of total local species but 95\% of the abundance and biomass of the community. So, for most of the ecological studies, one trapping session and a few baited traps (five in the Mediterranean area where dung beetle communities are very diverse when compared with more temperate areas) are sufficient to give a sample representing the structure of the dung beetle communities. Conversely, an exhaustive inventory for biogeographical studies need more baited traps. At least 15 traps are necessary to collect 95\% of species present at a site. An abacus allows an estimate of the quality of the sampling.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000074896600007},
	author = {Lobo, J. M. and Lumaret, J. P. and Jay-Robert, P.}
}
