02555nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260000800221300001200229490000700241520201800248653006202266100002102328700001302349856003502362       2005                        eng d00aBeetle responses to habitat fragmentation depend on ecological traits, habitat condition, and remnant size0 aBeetle responses to habitat fragmentation depend on ecological t  cFeb  a182-1940 v193 aUnder extreme (80%) levels of habitat loss and fragmentation, exponentially increasing risks of extinction have been predicted; however, the proportion of species that will decline is uncertain. Factors influencing species declines include patch characteristics, such as size and condition, and species' ecological traits, such as dispersal ability. In central New South Wales, Australia, 90% of the mallee woodland has been cleared for agriculture. At each of three 100-km(2) locations, we sampled beetles in 10 sites and asked: (1) How is the impact of habitat loss and fragmentation mediated by remnant condition and size? (2) What proportion of the beetle fauna is declining? (3) Are ecological traits based on body size, trophic group, flight, and position relative to the ground correlated with beetle responses to habitat loss and fragmentation? Seven of 34 beetle species (21%) occurred in fragmented and isolated populations in the agricultural landscape, implying that they may be at risk of local extinction. Most declining species depended on large remnants, but two species were confined to disturbed linear remnants, emphasizing the importance of diverse management regimes for invertebrate conservation. In contrast, approximately one-quarter of the beetle fauna survived in paddocks and so was not at risk of decline. Greatest species richness was observed in narrow linear remnants, not square reserves, because of the influx of species from the matrix and the presence of strip-specialist species. Flying ability and position explained most of the variation in species responses to fragmentation. Flightless species or species living underground were most vulnerable to decline in agricultural landscapes. Combinations of traits were also implicated in beetle responses, however, suggesting that causal mechanisms involve more than just the effects of flight or position. To identify species vulnerable to decline in fragmented landscapes, then, many traits need to be considered simultaneously.10aextinction traits forest change biodiversity dung beetles1 aDriscoll, D., A.1 aWeir, T.  u<Go to ISI>://000226438600024 02452nas a2200253   4500008004100000245007700041210006900118300001400187490000700201520160200208653002901810653001401839653003301853653001801886653001901904653002301923653002601946653003401972100002202006700002102028700001802049700002502067856010602092       2006                        eng d00aPresence-absence versus abundance data for monitoring threatened species0 aPresenceabsence versus abundance data for monitoring threatened   a1679-16870 v203 aEffective detection of population trend is crucial for managing threatened species. Little theory exists, however, to assist managers in choosing the most cost-effective monitoring techniques for diagnosing trend. We present a framework for determining the optimal monitoring strategy by simulating a manager collecting data on a declining species, the Chestnut-rumped Hylacola (Hylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri), to determine whether the species should be listed under the IUCN ( World Conservation Union) Red List. We compared the efficiencies of two strategies for detecting trend, abundance, and presence–absence surveys, under financial constraints. One might expect the abundance surveys to be superior under all circumstances because more information is collected at each site. Nevertheless, the presence–absence data can be collected at more sites because the surveyor is not obliged to spend a fixed amount of time at each site. The optimal strategy for monitoring was very dependent on the budget available. Under some circumstances, presence–absence surveys outperformed abundance surveys for diagnosing the IUCN Red List categories cost-effectively. Abundance surveys were best if the species was expected to be recorded more than 16 times/year; otherwise, presence–absence surveys were best. The relationship between the strategies we investigated is likely to be relevant for many comparisons of presence–absence or abundance data. Managers of any cryptic or low-density species who hope to maximize their success of estimating trend should find an application for our results.10aChestnut-rumped Hylacola10aeconomics10aHylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri10aIUCN Red List10aoccupancy data10aoptimal monitoring10aspecies detectability10athreatened species management1 aJoseph, Liana, N.1 aField, Scott, A.1 aWilcox, Chris1 aPossingham, Hugh, P.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/presence-absence-versus-abundance-data-monitoring-threatened-species02226nas a2200205   4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260000800185300001200193490000600205520162700211653003801838100001501876700002001891700001801911700001901929700001701948700002101965856003401986       1993                        eng d00aTerrestrial Arthropod Assemblages - Their Use in Conservation Planning0 aTerrestrial Arthropod Assemblages Their Use in Conservation Plan  cDec  a796-8080 v73 aArthropods, the most diverse component of terrestrial ecosystems, occupy a tremendous variety of functional niches and microhabitats across a wide array of spatial and temporal scales. We propose that conservation biologists should take advantage of terrestrial arthropod diversity as a rich data source for conservation planning and management. For reserve selection and design, documentation of the microgeography of selected arthropod taxa can delineate distinct biogeographic zones areas of endemism community types, and centers of evolutionary radiation to improve the spatial resolution of conservation planning. For management of natural areas, monitoring of terrestrial arthropod indicators can provide early warnings of ecological changes, and can be used to assay the effects of further fragmentation on natural areas that no longer support vertebrate indicator species. Many arthropod indicators respond to environmental changes more rapidly than do vertebrate indicators, which may exhibit population responses that do not become evident until too late for proactive management Not all arthropod taxa are equally effective as indicators for conservation planning and the qualities of indicators can differ for purposes of inventory versus monitoring. Assemblages of arthropod taxa used as biogeographic probes in inventories should exhibit relatively high species diversity, high endemism, and encompass the geographic range of interest. For monitoring purposes, indicator assemblages should exhibit varying sensitivity to environmental perturbations and a diversity of life-history and ecological preferences.10adung beetles general conservation1 aKremen, C.1 aColwell, R., K.1 aErwin, T., L.1 aMurphy, D., D.1 aNoss, R., F.1 aSanjayan, M., A.  u<Go to ISI>://A1993MP1580000900567nas a2200133   4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001400224490000700238100001900245700001500264700001600279856013800295       2008                        eng d00aUnderstanding trait-dependent community disassembly:dung beetles, density functions and forest fragmentation.0 aUnderstanding traitdependent community disassemblydung beetles d  a1288-12980 v221 aLarsen, T., H.1 aLopera, A.1 aForsyth, A.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/understanding-trait-dependent-community-disassemblydung-beetles-density-functions-and-forest-fragmen02786nas a2200265   4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260000800236300001200244490000700256520204200263653001102305653001002316653002002326653001702346653001602363653001602379653001702395653001202412653001302424653001102437100001702448700002102465856003402486       2002                        eng d00aSearching for a predictive model for species richness of Iberian dung beetle based on spatial and environmental variables0 aSearching for a predictive model for species richness of Iberian  cFeb  a158-1730 v163 aIn Mediterranean countries, inventories of many animal groups particularly insects, are incomplete or nonexistent. Hence, a feasible spatial picture of unequally surveyed areas is required to ascertain which faunistic surveys are good enough to produce reliable estimates of species richness. We used generalized linear models to build a multiple-regression function through which we predicted the distribution of Iberian dung beetle species richness. Given the scarcity and unevenness of the species-richness spatial distribution, the number of records of a dung beetle database (BANDASCA), falling within each of the 50 x 50 km grid squares, was chosen as a measure of the sampling effort for that square. Examining the asymptotic relationship between the number of dung-beetle species and database records for each physioclimatic Iberian subregion, we found that 82 grid squares (32% of the total) were adequately sampled. Dung-beetle species richness was related in each of these 82 cells to 24 explanatory variables. Curvilinear functions, interaction terms, and the significant third-degree polynomial terms of latitude and longitude were included to model species-richness distribution. The final model accounted for 62.4% of the total deviance after we eliminated seven outlier squares, with maximum elevation, grassland area, land-use diversity, forest area, geological diversity, interaction of terrestrial area and maximum elevation, and interaction between calcareous rock, and geological diversity and latitude being the most significant independent variables. The residuals of the function were not spatially autocorrelated, and we validated the final model by a jackknife procedure. Large and environmentally complex hotspots in the Iberian Central, Baetic, and Subbaetic mountain ranges stand out from the emerging map of species richness. Further detailed research is required to determine the complementarity of the faunas of these two main hotspots, the key question in conservation planning for a dung-feeding beetle.10aAfrica10aatlas10aautocorrelation10abiodiversity10abutterflies10acommunities10aconservation10ainsects10apatterns10aplants1 aLobo, J., M.1 aMartin-Piera, F.  u<Go to ISI>://00017372640001604086nas a2200181   4500008004100000245008000041210006900121300001400190490000700204520354300211653001603754653001803770653002203788653001103810100001903821700001803840856004603858       2005                        eng d00aEffects of Forest Fragmentation on a Dung Beetle Community in French Guiana0 aEffects of Forest Fragmentation on a Dung Beetle Community in Fr  a1103-11120 v193 aAbstract: Fragmentation is the most common disturbance induced by humans in tropical forests. Some insect groups are particularly suitable for studying the effects of fragmentation on animal communities because they are taxonomically and ecologically homogenous. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on a dung beetle species community in the forest archipelago created in 1994-1995 by the dam of Petit Saut, French Guiana. We set and baited an equal number of pitfall traps for dung beetles on three mainland sites and seven island sites. The sites ranged from 1.1 to 38 ha. In 250 trap days, we captured 50 species in 19 genera. Diversity indices were high (2.18-4.06). The lowest diversity was on the small islands and one mainland site. Species richness and abundance were positively related to fragment area but not to distance from mainland or distance to the larger island. The islands had lower species richness and population than mainland forest, but rarefied species richness was relatively invariant across sites. There was a marked change in species composition with decreasing fragment that was not caused by the presence of a common fauna of disturbed-area species on islands. Small islands differed from larger islands, which did not differ significantly from mainland sites. Partial correlation analyses suggested that species richness and abundance of dung beetle species were positively related to the number of species of nonflying mammals and the density index of howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus), two parameters positively related to fragment area. Efectos de la Fragmentacion de Bosques sobre una Comunidad de Escarabajos Coprofagos en La Guyana Francesa Resumen: La fragmentacion es la mas comun de las perturbaciones inducidas por humanos en bosques tropicales. Algunos grupos de insectos son particularmente adecuados para estudiar los efectos de la fragmentacion sobre comunidades animales porque son taxonomica y ecologicamente homogeneos. Investigamos los efectos de la fragmentacion de bosques sobre una comunidad de especies de escarabajos coprofagos en el archipielago de bosque creado en 1994-1995 por la presa de Petit Saut, Guyana Francesa. Colocamos y cebamos el mismo numero de trampas para escarabajos coprofagos en tres sitios continentales y siete sitios insulares. Los sitios variaron entre 1.1 y 38 ha. En 250 dias-trampa, capturamos 50 especies en 19 generos. Los indices de diversidad fueron altos (2.18-4.06). La menor diversidad ocurrio en las islas pequenas y en un sitio continental. La riqueza y abundancia de especies se relacionaron positivamente con el area del fragmento pero negativamente con la distancia al continente o a la isla mas grande. Las islas tuvieron menor riqueza de especies y tamano poblacional que el bosque continental, pero la riqueza de especies rarificada fue relativamente invariable en todos los sitios. Hubo un cambio notable en la composicion de especies con la disminucion del fragmento que no se debio a la presencia de una fauna comun de especies de areas perturbadas en las islas. Las islas pequenas difirieron de islas mas grandes que no difirieron significativamente de los sitios continentales. Los analisis de correlacion parcial sugirieron que la riqueza y abundancia de especies de escarabajos coprofagos se correlacionaron positivamente con el numero de especies de mamiferos no voladores y con el indice de densidad de monos aulladores (Alouatta seniculus), dos parametros que se relacionan positivamente con el area del fragmento.10adung beetle10afragmentation10alago guri mammals10amammal1 aFeer, Francois1 aHingrat, Yves  uhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/cbi 00877nas a2200253   4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001200216490000700228653004800235653001700283653001600300653001700316653001800333653001100351653001500362653002100377653001300398100002000411700002000431700002300451700002200474856012700496       2005                        eng d00aFrog, Bat and Dung Beetle Diversity in the Cloud Forest and Coffee Agroecosystems of Veracruz, Mexico0 aFrog Bat and Dung Beetle Diversity in the Cloud Forest and Coffe  a400-4100 v1910aagroforestry (biological conservation 2007)10acloud forest10aDisturbance10aDung beetles10afragmentation10aMexico10amulti-taxa10apolyagroforestry10aVeracruz1 aPineda, Eduardo1 aMoreno, Claudia1 aEscobar, Frederico1 aHalffter, Gonzalo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/frog-bat-and-dung-beetle-diversity-cloud-forest-and-coffee-agroecosystems-veracruz-mexico01851nas a2200253   4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260000800187300001400195490000700209520117100216653001601387653002401403653001501427653001401442653001101456653001301467653001301480653002101493653001501514653001801529100001601547856003401563       2002                        eng d00aBiogeographic crossroads as priority areas for biodiversity conservation0 aBiogeographic crossroads as priority areas for biodiversity cons  cDec  a1480-14870 v163 aThreats to biodiversity outpace the resources of the conservation community and necessitate careful prioritization of conservation actions. I suggest that targeting the regions where biogeographic assemblages intersect - " biogeographic crossroads" - is a strategy that may achieve significant conservation economy by focusing on areas that satisfy many conservation criteria. I used a combination of data on Scarabaeine beetles in Bolivia and on other taxa and locations from the literature to consider the short- and long-term benefits of conserving these biogeographic crossroads. Biogeographic crossroads are areas of high species richness and beta diversity, often across many taxonomic groups. They are also regions where representativeness can be achieved with relative efficiency. Recent evidence that ecotones may be loci of evolution suggests that evolutionary processes such as speciation and coevolution may be conserved at biogeographic crossroads. Biogeographic crossroads appear to be areas of high conservation priority and opportunity in both the short and long term and require increased attention in the process of setting conservation priorities.10aassemblages10acomplementary areas10acongruence10adiversity10aforest10ahotspots10apatterns10aspecies richness10astrategies10atiger beetles1 aSpector, S.  u<Go to ISI>://00017942010000902728nas a2200169   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260000800200300001200208490000700220520214400227100001502371700002102386700001702407700001702424856011702441       2002                        eng d00aSpecies-richness correlations of six different taxa in Swedish seminatural grasslands0 aSpeciesrichness correlations of six different taxa in Swedish se  cApr  a430-4390 v163 aAn important question in conservation biology, is whether the biodiversity of different taxa is correlated. We studied the extent to which the number of species of six different taxa-plants. birds, butterflies, bumblebees, ground beetles, and dung beetles-in 31 Swedish seminatural grasslands covary,, and whether species diversity, can be related to habitat variables, During 1990 and 1997 we surveyed plants and animals with appropriate techniques for each taxa and mapped the grassland habitat. fit general. correlations between taxa were few. Grassland plant diversity (currently used as an indicator for conservation value) was Bumblebee diversity was significantly only, significantly positively correlated to total bird diversity related to both total and grassland butterflies, whereas there was a significant negative relationship between grassland birds and dung beetles. Plants, birds, bumblebees, rind butterflies showed significant similarities in patterns of species composition, as did birds, butterflies, grassland butterflies, and ground beetles. The total number of plants and both subsets of birds (total and grassland) were significantly positively related to area, whereas there was a significant negative association between area and dung-beetle, diversity. The diversity of both butterflies and bumblebees was significantly, negatively related to The proportion of short-grazed field layer. Bumblebees showed a positive relationship with junipers, whereas ground beetles and grassland birds were negatively associated with trees. The total number of bird species was Positively influenced 17). the occurrence of shrubs. Our results suggest that neither the species richness of grassland plants nor that other of the surveyed taxa can be used as an indicator for total biodiversity, The lack of similar patterns of species composition among taxa also makes it difficult to define functional groups with similar habitat demands. Until we have more detailed knowledge of the demands; of species and taxa. it is important that we direct management efforts so that we provide a wide spectrum of grassland characteristics.1 aVessby, K.1 aSöderström, B.1 aGlimskar, A.1 aSvensson, B.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/species-richness-correlations-six-different-taxa-swedish-seminatural-grasslands02997nas a2200253   4500008004100000245014700041210006900188260000800257300001400265490000700279520210500286653001802391653001302409653001702422653001202439653002602451653001702477653001502494100002902509700002002538700001802558700002902576856013802605       2004                        eng d00aAbundance and species richness of nocturnal insects on organic and conventional farms: effects of agricultural intensification on bat foraging0 aAbundance and species richness of nocturnal insects on organic a  coct  a1283-12920 v183 aInsects are the principal food for many animals, including bats (Chiroptera), and all species of bats in the United Kingdom feed over agricultural habitats. Bat populations are declining throughout Europe, probably in part as a result of agricultural intensification. Organic farming prohibits the use of agrochemicals, a major component of agricultural intensification, making it an ideal control for a study of intensive agricultural systems. To evaluate the impact of agricultural intensification on bat foraging, we quantified the availability of bat prey by comparing nocturnal aerial insects captured within habitats on 24 matched pairs of organic and conventional farms. Insects were identified to family and moths to species. We compared the abundance of 18 insect families commonly eaten by bats in the United Kingdom between farm types and tested for correlations of abundance with bat activity. Insect abundance, species richness, and moth species diversity were significantly higher on organic farms than on conventional farms. Insect abundance was significantly higher in pastural and water habitats on organic farms than in the same habitats on conventional farms. Of the 18 insect families that are important components of the bat diet, 5 were significantly more abundant on organic farms overall. Some were also more abundant within organic pastural, woodland, and water habitats than on conventional farmland habitats. The activity of bats that mainly ate Lepidoptera was significantly correlated with the abundance of this order. Our observations suggest that agricultural intensification has a profound impact on nocturnal insect communities. Because bats are resource limited, a reduction in prey availability through agricultural intensification will adversely affect bat populations. Less-intensive farming benefits British bat populations by providing and maintaining diverse and structurally varied habitats, which in turn support a wide selection of insect prey for bats, including insect families that are significant components of the diet of a number of rare bat species. 10aagrochemicals10abat diet10abiodiversity10adiptera10ahabitat fragmentation10ainsectivores10alight trap1 aWickramasinghe, Liat, P.1 aHarris, Stephen1 aJones, Gareth1 aJennings, Nancy, Vaughan  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/abundance-and-species-richness-nocturnal-insects-organic-and-conventional-farms-effects-agricultural00848nas a2200253   4500008004100000245009500041210006900136300001200205490000700217653001300224653001200237653001500249653002800264653001300292653001900305653001900324100002200343700002200365700002000387700002400407700002100431700002000452856012200472       2000                        eng d00aPoachers alter mammal abundance, seed dispersal and seed predation in a Neotropical forest0 aPoachers alter mammal abundance seed dispersal and seed predatio  a227-2390 v1410abushmeat10amammals10aNeotropics10aNO dung beetles mammals10apoaching10aseed dispersal10aseed predation1 aWright, Josep., S1 aZeballos, Horacio1 aDominguez, Ivan1 aGallardo, Marina, M1 aMoreno, Marta, C1 aIbanez, Roberto  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/poachers-alter-mammal-abundance-seed-dispersal-and-seed-predation-neotropical-forest