03154nas a2200229   4500008004100000245011100041210006900152300001200221490000700233520238800240653001502628653001502643653000902658653001702667653002002684653001502704653001502719653002302734653001702757100001902774856013102793       2007                        eng d00aEndectocide residues affect insect attraction to dung from treated cattle: implications for toxicity tests0 aEndectocide residues affect insect attraction to dung from treat  a312-3220 v213 aA 3-year study was performed in southern Alberta, Canada to assess the ef- fect of endectocide residues on the attractiveness of cattle dung to colonizing insects. In 2003 and 2004, insect captures were compared between pitfall traps baited with dung of untreated cattle and paired traps baited with dung of cattle that had been treated 7 days previously with topically applied doramectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin or moxidectin. Faecal residues associated with each compound affected insect captures in both spring and autumn of each year. Effects were detected ( P  < 0.05) for a total of 94 cases  representing 27 insect taxa from 13 families in three orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera). Two-fold differences in captures were common. Up to six-fold differ- ences were observed. Eleven cases of attraction and 11 cases of repellency were associ- ated with residues of doramectin. Eprinomectin tended to repel insects, with decreased captures for 19 of 29 cases of effect. Ivermectin showed a strong attractive effect, with increased captures for 17 of 25 cases. Moxidectin also showed a strong attractive effect, with increased captures for 17 of 18 cases. Comparisons between compounds suggested that results for doramectin best predicted results for eprinomectin and vice versa. In 2005, insect captures were compared between pitfall traps baited with dung of untreated cattle and traps baited with dung from cattle treated 3, 7 or 14 days previously with topically applied doramectin. Effects were detected in 14 cases plus one case of near significance ( P  = 0.053). Significant differences between control vs. days 3, 7 and/or 14 dung were detected in nine cases. Residues enhanced captures in seven of these cases. Day 14 dung affected captures in six of these cases. This study shows that endec- tocide residues can affect the number of insects attracted to colonize and oviposit in dung. Hence, the emergence of their offspring from field-colonized dung of untreated vs. endectocide-treated cattle should not be used as a measure of residue toxicity per se, but rather as a measure of  ‘ insect activity ’ . Insect activity is a composite measure of residue toxicity, the number and species composition of insect colonists, and the mortal- ity factors (e.g. predation, parasitism, competition) associated with the co-occurrence of these species in the dung pat.10aattraction10adoramectin10aDung10aeprinomectin10afaecal residues10aIVERMECTIN10amoxidectin10anon-target effects10aScarabaeidae1 aFloate, K., D.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/endectocide-residues-affect-insect-attraction-dung-treated-cattle-implications-toxicity-tests00855nas a2200265   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001200199490000700211653001100218653001500229653001700244653001700261653002000278653002400298653001500322653002500337653001500362653002000377653002400397100001900421700002000440700002000460856010900480       2001                        eng d00aLarvicidal activity of endectocides against pest flies in the dung of treated cattle0 aLarvicidal activity of endectocides against pest flies in the du  a117-1200 v1510acanada10adoramectin10aendectocides10aeprinomectin10afaecal residues10aHaematobia irritans10aIVERMECTIN10amacrocyclic lactones10amoxidectin10aMusca domestica10aStomoxys calcitrans1 aFloate, K., D.1 aSpooner, R., W.1 aColwell, D., D.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/larvicidal-activity-endectocides-against-pest-flies-dung-treated-cattle03465nas a2200241   4500008004100000020001400041245010500055210006900160300001200229490000800241520265400249653002002903653001502923653001502938653002702953653002002980653001503000100001903015700002203034700002203056700002003078856012503098       2003                        eng d  a0931-204800aEffects of ivermectin and doramectin faecal residues on the invertebrate colonization of cattle dung0 aEffects of ivermectin and doramectin faecal residues on the inve  a481-4880 v1273 aThe effects of avermectin [ivermectin (IVM) and doramectin (DRM)] faecal residues on dung colonization and degradation by invertebrates were evaluated during late spring in the east of La Pampa province, Argentina. The study was conducted after collection of faecal material from animals (10 steers per group) allocated to the following groups: untreated control group (CG) and groups treated subcutaneously (200 lg/kg) with either DRM (DG) or a long-acting formulation of IVM (IG). Fifty pats (550 g each) per group were collected, prepared and deposited on the field on days 3, 7, 16 and 29 post-treatment (pt). Eight pats per group were recovered after 7, 14, 21, 42, 100 and 180 days post-deposition (pd) on the field. The weight, percentage of dry matter, number of arthropods and nematodes from faeces were determined. The faecal concentrations of IVM and DRM were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) throughout the trial period to correlate the pattern of drug degradation in dung with pd time. The total number of arthropods in dungs from CG was higher (P < 0.05) than those counted between days 3 and 29 pt in IG and DG. A decrease in the number of Coleoptera larvae (P < 0.05) between days 21 and 42 days pd was observed in both treated groups. Diptera larvae counts in CG pats were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those obtained in treated groups in the 7- and 14-day-old pats. A lower number (P < 0.05) of Collembola, compared with pats from CG, was recovered from IG and DG pats deposited at days 3 and 7 pt and exposed from day 42. The counts of Acari in pats from treated animals were lower (P < 0.05) than those observed in CG pats at 3, 8 and 16 days pt. There were no differences neither in adult Scarabaeidae recovered nor in the proportions of dung buried and destroyed by great dung beetles. Dung specific nematodes were reduced (P < 0.05) in IG and DG pats from 3 and 7 days pt compared with those of CG pats. The comparative results shown here demonstrate that the negative effects of both IVM and DRM on dung colonization are similar. The pattern of drug degradation in the environment was very slow. High residual concentrations of both active parent compounds were recovered in dungs exposed in the field for up to 180 days pd. Concentrations as high as 13 ng/g (IVM) and 101 ng/g (DRM) were measured in faeces obtained from pats deposited on day 27 pt and exposed to the environment during 180 days. The results show a decrease in invertebrate colonization of dung recovered from IVM- and DRM-treated cattle, which is in agreement with the large drug residual concentrations measured in faeces. 10acattle-nematoda10adoramectin10adung-fauna10aenvironmental toxicity10afaecal residues10aIVERMECTIN1 aSuarez, V., H.1 aLifschitz, A., L.1 aSallovitz, J., M.1 aLanusse, C., E.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/effects-ivermectin-and-doramectin-faecal-residues-invertebrate-colonization-cattle-dung