02748nas a2200337   4500008004100000245016200041210006900203260000800272300001200280490000700292520171700299653002702016653001402043653001702057653001402074653001402088653002502102653001502127653002402142653002602166653001002192653001602202653001902218653001502237653002902252653001302281653002702294100003502321700002002356856003402376       2003                        eng d00aEstimating the number of species not yet described and their characteristics: the case of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)0 aEstimating the number of species not yet described and their cha  cJan  a147-1660 v123 aTo determine the degree of completion of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species inventory, as well as to ascertain some of the main geographical and morphological characteristics associated with the probability of new species description, the available taxonomic and biogeographic information of the three Scarabaeoidea families that are associated with dung was analyzed. An asymptotic fit of the cumulative number of described species is used to estimate the approximate number of species not yet described. Variation partitioning and hierarchical decomposition techniques were used to explore the influence of body size, geographical range size and geographical location variables on the process of species description. Results indicate that the inventories of Western Palaearctic Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae species are almost complete, but that around 16% of Aphodiidae species have yet to be described. As the joint effect of geographical distribution and location is the main determinant of the species description rate in this family, it was predicted that new dung beetle species would be found in smaller areas of the southern and eastern Western Palaearctic region. The species body size accounted for a negligible fraction in the variation of the year of description. Both the geographical range size and the geographical location are essential variables negatively correlated with the year of species description, whose pure and combined effect can account for high percentages in the year of description variation (from 41 to 56%). The location of most of the taxonomic workforce in areas where broader-ranged generalist species prevail in the assemblages is the probable reason for this pattern.10aaccumulation functions10abody-size10aconservation10adiscovery10adiversity10aevolutionary history10aextinction10ageographic location10ageographic range size10apredi10aprobability10aprobability of10aregression10aspecies description rate10ataxonomy10avariation partitioning1 aCabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose1 aLobo, Jorge, M.  u<Go to ISI>://00017952140001000815nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010800041210006900149300001400218490000700232653001500239653002300254653002300277653001700300653002600317653002100343653002200364653002200386100003500408700002000443856013400463       2006                        eng d00aDeterminant variables of Iberian Peninsula Aphodiinae diversity (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Aphodiidae)0 aDeterminant variables of Iberian Peninsula Aphodiinae diversity   a1021-10430 v3310aAphodiinae10aclimatic variables10adiversity patterns10aDung beetles10aenvironmental factors10ahistoric factors10aIberian Peninsula10aspatial structure1 aCabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose1 aLobo, Jorge, M.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/determinant-variables-iberian-peninsula-aphodiinae-diversity-coleoptera-scarabaeoidea-aphodiidae02052nas a2200217   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162300001400231490000700245520125600252653001401508653002201522653001701544653002201561653001801583653001401601653002601615100003501641700002001676856013801696       2004                        eng d00aPhylogenetic relationships of Iberian Aphodiini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) based on morphological and molecular data0 aPhylogenetic relationships of Iberian Aphodiini Coleoptera Scara  a1084-11000 v313 aA phylogeny of Iberian Aphodiini dung beetles was reconstructed based on morphological and molecular data. The data set included a total of 84 variable characters from wing venation, mouthparts, genitalia, and external morphology, as well as mito- chondrial partial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), complete tRNA-Leu (UUR), and partial cytochrome c oxidase II (COII) gene nucleotide sequences (1210 positions). Phylogenetic trees based on molecular data were relatively more resolved than those based on morphological characters. The Bayesian analysis of combined molecular and morphological data provided resolution not achieved by each data set separately. Ammoecius and Aphodius are the first lineages that branch off from the tree, followed by Acrossus, Nimbus, and Heptaulacus. The remaining studied taxa are recovered in a more derived clade that lacks internal resolution. Re- constructed trees based on molecular data showed relatively short internal nodes that were weakly supported. Such pattern may reflect a rapid radiation at the origin of the tribe Aphodiini, but also saturation of mutational changes. Several tests were conducted to discern between both competing hypotheses, as well as to assess the effect of incomplete taxon sampling. 10aAphodiini10aCombined analysis10aDung beetles10aIberian Peninsula10aPhylogenetics10aRadiation10aSpeciation rate tests1 aCabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose1 aZardoya, Rafael  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/phylogenetic-relationships-iberian-aphodiini-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-based-morphological-and-molecul03187nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148300001200217490000700229520241600236653002602652653001702678653002502695653002702720653003402747100002002781700002002801700003502821856012502856       2006                        eng d00aRegional and local influence of grazing activity on the diversity of a semi-arid dung beetle community0 aRegional and local influence of grazing activity on the diversit  a111-1230 v123 aThis study analyses the effect of resource availability (i.e. sheep dung) on dung beetle communities in an arid region of Central Spain, both at regional and at local scales. A total of 18 sites within 600 km2 were sampled for the regional analysis and 16 sites within the 30 km2 of an Iberian municipality were sampled for the local ana- lysis. Spatial and environmental characteristics of sampling sites were also compiled at both scales, including measures of grazing activity (livestock density at regional scale, and two counts of rabbit and sheep dung at local scale). At a regional scale, any environmental or spatial variable can help to explain the variation in abundance. However, species richness was related to summer precipitation and composition was related to elevation. At local scale, abundance is not significantly related to any of the environmental variables, but species richness was related to the local amount of sheep dung (27% of variance). The amount of dung in a 2-km buffer around the site accounts for 27–32% of variance in abundance and 60–65% of variance in species richness. The presence of the flock with the highest sheep density explains 53% of abundance variability and 73% of species richness variance. A cluster analysis of localities identified two main groups, one characterized by a lower abundance and species richness that can be considered a nested subsample of the species-rich group. The mean and maximum amount of sheep dung in the sites separated by less than 2 km are the only significant explanatory variables able to discriminate both groups. These results suggest that grazing intensity (and the associated increase in the amount of trophic resources) is a key factor in determining local variation in the diversity and composition of dung beetle assemblages. However, dung beetle assem- blages are not spatially independent at the analysed resolution, and the amount of dung in the surroundings seems to be more important for locally collected species than the dung effectively found in the site. Although differences in the availability and quantity of trophic resources among nearby sites could be affecting the popula- tion dynamics and dispersion of dung beetles within a locality, sites with larger popu- lations, and greater species numbers would not be able to exercise enough influence as to bring about a complete local faunistic homogenization.10aResource availability10aScarabaeidae10asemi-arid ecosystems10asheep grazing activity10aspecies richness determinants1 aLobo, Jorge, M.1 aHortal, Joaquin1 aCabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/regional-and-local-influence-grazing-activity-diversity-semi-arid-dung-beetle-community02582nas a2200157   4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001200195490000700207520200000214100002002214700002102234700002502255700003502280856010902315       2004                        eng d00aPhylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae0 aPhylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea ba  a509-5230 v293 aThirty-eight characters derived from the larvae of Geotrupidae (Scarabaeoidea, Coleoptera) were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian infer- ence. Trees were rooted with two Trogidae species and one species of Pleocomidae as outgroups. The monophyly of Geotrupidae (including Bolboceratinae) is supported by four autapomorphies: abdominal segments 3–7 with two dorsal annulets, chaetoparia and acanthoparia of the epipharynx not prominent, glossa and hypopharynx fused and without sclerome, trochanter and femur without fossorial setae. Bolboceratinae showed notable differences with Pleocomidae, being more related to Geotrupinae than to other groups. Odonteus species (Bolboceratinae s.str.) appear to constitute the closest sister group to Geotrupi- nae. Polyphyly of Bolboceratinae is implied by the following apomorphic char- acters observed in the ‘Odonteus lineage’: anterior and posterior epitormae of epipharynx developed, tormae of epipharynx fused, oncyli of hypopharynx devel- oped, tarsal claws reduced or absent, plectrum and pars stridens of legs well developed and apex of antennal segment 2 with a unique sensorium. A ‘Bolbelas- mus lineage’ is supported by the autapomorphic presence of various sensoria on the apex of the antennal segment, and the subtriangular labrum (except Eucanthus). This group constituted by Bolbelasmus, Bolbocerosoma and Eucanthus is the first evidence for a close relationship among genera, but more characters should be analysed to test the support for the clade. A preliminary classification at tribe level of Geotrupinae is suggested as follows: Chromogeotrupini (type genus Chromogeotrupes), Lethrini (type genus Lethrus), Taurocerastini (type genus Taurocerastes) and Geotrupini (type genus Geotrupes). Some ecological facts of Geotrupidae evolution could also be explained by the present results, such as those related to diet and nesting behaviour. Both coprophagy and male–female co-operation in nesting appear as derived traits. 1 aVerdu, Jose, R.1 aGalante, Eduardo1 aLumaret, Jean-Pierre1 aCabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/phylogenetic-analysis-geotrupidae-coleoptera-scarabaeoidea-based-larvae