02993nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146300001400215490000700229520220500236653001702441653002202458653001902480653001502499653001802514653002402532100002002556700001802576700002102594700002202615856012602637       2007                        eng d00aComparative phylogeography and speciation of dung beetles from the Australian Wet Tropics rainforest0 aComparative phylogeography and speciation of dung beetles from t  a4984-49980 v163 aIn tropical rainforests, insects show especially high species richness and local endemism of species relative to vertebrates. One possible cause is that insects respond to historical fluctuations of rainforests on a smaller spatial scale than do vertebrates. To evaluate this hypothesis, we combine environmental niche models and mitochondrial DNA phylo- geography for two pairs of sister species of the dung beetle genus Temnoplectron  (T. aene- opiceum–T. subvolitans and T. politulum–T. reyi) from the rainforests of northeastern Australia, where climate-driven rainforest fluctuations in the Quaternary have strongly influenced genetic and species diversity of vertebrates. Within both species pairs, the bio- climatic niche was conserved, but the T. aeneopiceum–T. subvolitans species pair had the narrower environmental range, and thus more restricted potential distribution. Coalescent analyses indicated Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene divergences for both species pairs, and earlier speciation in (T. aeneopiceum–T. subvolitans) than in (T. politulum–T. reyi). Phylogeographic structure in (T. aeneopiceum–T. subvolitans) was more pronounced than in (T. politulum–T. reyi), with significant isolation-by-distance in the former species-pair only. Nested clade and coalescence analyses indicated local range expansions for the T. aeneopiceum–subvolitans species pair and range-wide expansion for both T. politulum and T. reyi. We suggest that stronger phylogeographic structure and earlier divergence in (T. aeneopiceum–T. subvolitans) than in (T. politulum–T. reyi) reflects a stronger influence of environmental barriers to gene flow under the present climate and greater sensitivity to warmer and drier periods of the Quaternary. The two species pairs evidently responded to Quaternary rainforest fluctuations at spatial scales similar to those seen within low-vagility species of vertebrate. Despite this similarity of scale, these insect lineages are reproduc- tively isolated at parapatric boundaries, whereas analogous lineages of vertebrates often are not. We suggest that rapid evolution of genitalia may facilitate geographic speciation in rainforest beetles. 10aDung beetles10amitochondrial DNA10aphylogeography10aspeciation10aTemnoplectron10atropical rainforest1 aBell, Karen, L.1 aMoritz, Craig1 aMoussalli, Adnan1 aYeates, David, K.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/comparative-phylogeography-and-speciation-dung-beetles-australian-wet-tropics-rainforest02050nas a2200229   4500008004100000245014800041210006900189260000800258300001200266490000700278520133200285653001701617653001701634653002401651653001501675653002401690100001701714700001901731700001501750700002101765856003401786       2004                        eng d00aMolecular phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Temnoplectron Westwood (Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae) from Australia's wet tropics0 aMolecular phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Te  cMay  a741-7530 v313 aThe landscape of the Australian Wet Tropics can be described as "islands" of montane rainforest Surrounded by warmer or more xeric habitats. Historical glaciation cycles have caused expansion and contraction of these rainforest "islands" leading to consistent patterns of genetic divergence within species of vertebrates. To explore whether this dynamic history has promoted speciation in endemic and diverse groups Of insects, we used a combination of mtDNA sequencing and morphological characters to estimate relationships and the tempo of divergence among Australian representatives of the dung beetle genus Temnoplectron. This phylogenetic hypothesis shares a number of well-supported clades with a previously published phylogenetic hypothesis based on morphological data. though statistical support for several nodes is weak. Sister species relationships well-supported in both tree topologies. and a tree obtained by combining the two data sets. suggest that speciation has mostly been allopatric. We identify a number of speciation barriers, which coincide with phylogeographic breaks found in vertebrate species. Large sequence divergences between species emphasize that speciation events are ancient (pre- Pleistocene). The flightless, rainforest species appear to have speciated rapidly. but also in the distant past.10abiogeography10aDung beetles10amolecular phylogeny10aspeciation10atropical rainforest1 aBell, K., L.1 aYeates, D., K.1 aMoritz, C.1 aMonteith, G., B.  u<Go to ISI>://000220948000025