02278nas a2200229   4500008004100000245008300041210006900124300001200193490000800205520157300213653001501786653001701801653001201818653001501830653001101845653001301856100001601869700002001885700001801905700001601923856010901939       2009                        eng d00aCo-declines in large mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological cascade0 aCodeclines in large mammals and dung beetles an impending ecolog  a481-4870 v1183 aBiodiversity loss can precipitate extinction cascades and impair ecological processes. These ‘downstream’ effects will be exacerbated if functionally important taxa are tightly linked with species threatened by extinction or population decline. We review the current evidence that such a scenario is currently playing out in the linked declines of persistently hunted<br />
mammal populations and the dung beetles communities (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) that depend on them for adult and larval food resources. Through a close evolutionary association, mammal assemblages have played a fundamental role in structuring extant dung beetle communities. Today many game mammal species’ populations are severely depleted by subsistence or commercial hunting, especially in tropical forest systems. Multiple lines of evidence from temperate and tropical systems indicate that the regional-scale decline or extirpation of medium and large bodied mammal faunas can severely disrupt the diversity and abundance of dung beetle communities through alterations in the composition and availability of dung resources. These observed community disassemblies have significant short- and long-term implications for the maintenance of key ecosystem processes including nutrient recycling and secondary seed dispersal. Identifying the species- and community-level traits that buffer or exacerbate these species and functional responses is essential if we are to develop a better understanding of the cascading ecological consequences of hunting in tropical forests.
10aco-decline10aconservation10adecline10aextinction10amammal10aresource1 aNichols, E.1 aGardner, T., A.1 aPeres, C., A.1 aSpector, S.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/co-declines-large-mammals-and-dung-beetles-impending-ecological-cascade02886nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141300001000210490000600220520208200226653001702308653001802325653003202343653001602375653003102391653002502422653001802447100002002465700002402485700002102509856012602530       1999                        eng d00aDung beetle conservation: effects of habitat and resource selection (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)0 aDung beetle conservation effects of habitat and resource selecti  a75-840 v33 aThere is increasing concern about the conservation of dung beetles which are threatened by several peculiar dangers worldwide, both at the population and community level. A noticeable threat in Europe is the dramatic reduction in the number of cattle and sheep grazing in the open, which is associated with both intensive agriculture and the progressive reforestation of previously pastured areas. We studied dung beetle habitat and resource preferences at La Mandria Park (north-west Italy) which is a mosaic of open and wooded patches where domestic (cows and horses) and wild ungulates (deer and wild boar) co-exist. Scarabaeidae were numerically dominant, accounting for 61.5% of the approximately 3000 individuals sampled (Aphodiidae accounted for 32.5% and Geotrupidae for only 6%). However, when species richness was considered, Aphodiidae were dominant, with 17 of the 27 species found (Scarabaeidae with eight and Geotrupidae with two). Assuming a null hypothesis of equal probability of colonizing any habitat or faeces, we found that most species were significantly associated with one of the four dung types or with one of the two habitats considered. On average, Scarabaeidae preferred cattle dung and open habitats whereas most Aphodiidae used deer lumps and wooded habitats. In spite of the precise ecological choices observed at La Mandria, surveys from other European areas suggest that both habitat and food selection are quite flexible. From a conservation viewpoint, the ability of coprophagous beetles to choose herbivore faeces according to their availability and to select habitats that satisfy their own microclimate requirements may certainly be useful in preserving biodiversity. Agroecology, which implies some woodland and hedgerow management practices associated with pastoralism, could be the right approach to the management of the agricultural landscape. Conversely, in reforested areas, while wild ungulate populations should be preserved, some form of human disturbance, particularly clearings used for pastoralism, should also be maintained. 10aconservation10adeforestation10adomestic and wild ungulates10adung beetle10ahabitat and food selection10aregeneration mammals10aScarabaeoidae1 aBarbero, Enrico1 aPalestrini, Claudia1 aRolando, Antonio  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetle-conservation-effects-habitat-and-resource-selection-coleoptera-scarabaeoidea01127nas a2200361   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260000800204300001600212490000800228653001100236653002800247653001500275653001700290653002100307100001500328700002000343700001900363700002400382700002000406700001800426700002100444700002100465700001400486700002500500700002100525700001800546700002400564700002000588700002000608700001900628856011800647       2007                        eng d00aQuantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests0 aQuantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary secondary  cNov  a18555-185600 v10410aAmazon10abiodiversity indicators10acongruence10aconservation10aTropical forests1 aBarlow, J.1 aGardner, T., A.1 aAraujo, I., S.1 aAvila-Pires, T., C.1 aBonaldo, A., B.1 aCosta, J., E.1 aEsposito, M., C.1 aFerreira, L., V.1 aHawes, J.1 aHernandez, M., I. M.1 aHoogmoed, M., S.1 aLeite, R., N.1 aLo-Man-Hung, N., F.1 aMalcolm, J., R.1 aMartins, M., B.1 aMestre, L., A.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/quantifying-biodiversity-value-tropical-primary-secondary-and-plantation-forests02748nas a2200337   4500008004100000245016200041210006900203260000800272300001200280490000700292520171700299653002702016653001402043653001702057653001402074653001402088653002502102653001502127653002402142653002602166653001002192653001602202653001902218653001502237653002902252653001302281653002702294100003502321700002002356856003402376       2003                        eng d00aEstimating the number of species not yet described and their characteristics: the case of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)0 aEstimating the number of species not yet described and their cha  cJan  a147-1660 v123 aTo determine the degree of completion of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species inventory, as well as to ascertain some of the main geographical and morphological characteristics associated with the probability of new species description, the available taxonomic and biogeographic information of the three Scarabaeoidea families that are associated with dung was analyzed. An asymptotic fit of the cumulative number of described species is used to estimate the approximate number of species not yet described. Variation partitioning and hierarchical decomposition techniques were used to explore the influence of body size, geographical range size and geographical location variables on the process of species description. Results indicate that the inventories of Western Palaearctic Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae species are almost complete, but that around 16% of Aphodiidae species have yet to be described. As the joint effect of geographical distribution and location is the main determinant of the species description rate in this family, it was predicted that new dung beetle species would be found in smaller areas of the southern and eastern Western Palaearctic region. The species body size accounted for a negligible fraction in the variation of the year of description. Both the geographical range size and the geographical location are essential variables negatively correlated with the year of species description, whose pure and combined effect can account for high percentages in the year of description variation (from 41 to 56%). The location of most of the taxonomic workforce in areas where broader-ranged generalist species prevail in the assemblages is the probable reason for this pattern.10aaccumulation functions10abody-size10aconservation10adiscovery10adiversity10aevolutionary history10aextinction10ageographic location10ageographic range size10apredi10aprobability10aprobability of10aregression10aspecies description rate10ataxonomy10avariation partitioning1 aCabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose1 aLobo, Jorge, M.  u<Go to ISI>://00017952140001003032nas a2200337   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260000800231300001000239490000700249520210400256653001702360653002602377653001502403653001402418653001702432653001702449653001402466653000902480653002602489653001802515653001602533653001002549653001702559653001702576653001702593653001802610653001102628100002102639856003402660       2002                        eng d00aDung beetle diversity in South Africa: influential factors, conservation status, data inadequacies and survey design0 aDung beetle diversity in South Africa influential factors conser  cMar  a53-650 v103 aDung beetles are useful as indicators in conservation and global warming studies owing to their specialized regional and local distribution patterns. However, existing South African data are inadequate for indication at the necessary degree of spatial resolution. To improve the database, Survey methods need to Lie designed according to the spatial and temporal factors that influence dung beetle diversity. Across four major climatic regions, there are seven principal species distribution centres for dung beetles in which activity is influenced primarily by difference, in rainfall seasonality and temperature, Across these regions, generic endemism is largely concentrated around the coastline and in montane areas. The conservation status of endemic genera is discussed. At a local scale, spatial diversity is influenced primarily by soil, vegetation and dung type. Maximum local diversity of dung beetles is observed after rainfall and decreases as surface conditions become warmer and drier. After workshop discussions, a coarse-grained, asymmetrical gradsect survey grid has been designed according to vegetative, climatic and land-usage gradients across South Africa. It is suggested that each survey point across these regional gradients should comprise a quarter-degree square in which local ecological gradients should be surveyed for invertebrates, Baited pitfall trapping is an easy method to provide quantitative data for dung beetles across such environmental gradients. Lining up each catch on a tray provides a relatively quick way to compare the specimens, identify the species present, and provide a quantitative assessment of species abundance. Data collection may be conducted on one or more occasion., to accommodate seasonal and daily variation in species occurrence. This exercise could identify localities suitable for ecotourism reserves representative of the variation in ecotypes across the country, particularly, in coastal, natural grass and wooded regions, where many invertebrate taxa are endangered by habitat fragmentation including some rare dung beetle species.10aassociations10abiodiversity hotspots10aCOLEOPTERA10acommunity10aconsequences10aconservation10adiversity10aDung10ahabitat fragmentation10ahydrophilidae10apopulations10as str10aScarabaeidae10aScarabaeinae10asouth africa10astaphylinidae10asurvey1 aDavis, A., L. V.  u<Go to ISI>://00017624700000602663nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012800041210006900169300000900238490000700247520187800254653001702132653000902149653001202158653001902170653001702189653001602206653001102222100002102233700002402254700001702278856013802295       2005                        eng d00aA dung beetle survey of selected Gauteng nature reserves: implications for conservation of the provincial scarabaeine fauna0 adung beetle survey of selected Gauteng nature reserves implicati  a1-160 v133 aAquantitativedungbeetlesurvey(Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae:Scarabaeinae)wasconducted insixGautengnaturereserves(Tswaing,Leeuwfontein,Roodeplaat,Ezemvelo,AbeBailey, Suikerbosrand) representativeof theprovincial rangeinenvironmental conditions. The studyprovidedaprovincial species inventorythat has beentestedfor completeness bycomparisonwithmuseumreferencematerial. It alsopermittedananalysisof major influencesonregional(altitude,annualrainfall)andlocal(soilandvegetationtype)patterns of speciesabundance. Thesurveyrecordedatotal of 152species. Althoughafurther29 specieswererepresentedinreferencecollections,theirabsencefromthepresentworkwas probablyduetohabitat,food,ortemporalspecializations.Multivariateanalyses(clustering, MDS)ofspeciesabundancedataformedsixclusters,eachcomprisingexclusivelythesitesin singlereserves. Thisindicatesthatregionalbetween-reservefaunaldifferencesaregreater thanlocal withinreservedifferences, thusdemonstratingthevalueof eachreserve. Ina hierarchical analysisofobliquefactors, fiveoutofsevenstatisticallydefinedclusterscom- prisedexclusivelythesitesinsinglereserveswithSuikerbosrandsplitintwo.Theseclusters werevariouslycorrelatedwithnineextendedfactors.Alongsevenfactors,correlationswere uniqueoressentiallyuniquetosinglereservesandwerefairlyhigh,particularlyatinterme- diatealtitude. Alongtheremainingtwosharedfactors, therewereopposingtrendsinthat correlationseitherdecreasedwithhigheraltitudeordecreasedwithloweraltitude. Thus, eachclustershowsthreecoefficientsofdetermination, onerepresentingtheproportionof varianceduetosharedhighlandfaunalinfluence,onerepresentingthatduetosharedlow- landfaunal influenceandthethirdrepresentingthatduetouniquelocal faunal composi- tion. Theanalysesidentifythetransitionfromlowlandtohighland-dominatedfaunas, the relativefaunal distinctivenessofeachreserve, andomissionsfromtheprovincial reserve system.10aconservation10aDung10aGauteng10anature reserve10aScarabaeinae10aSouthAfrica10asurvey1 aDavis, A., L. V.1 aScholtz, Clarke, H.1 aDeschodt, C.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetle-survey-selected-gauteng-nature-reserves-implications-conservation-provincial-scarabaeine03932nas a2200253   4500008004500000245011600045210006900161300001100230490000700241520308600248653001503334653001703349653001303366653001203379653000703391653002803398653001803426653002403444653002103468653001103489100002203500700001803522856013803540       2006                        spandsh  00aEstado del conocimiento y conservacion de los coleopteros Scarabaeoidea (Insecta) del estado de Hidalgo, Mexico0 aEstado del conocimiento y conservacion de los coleopteros Scarab  a57-1080 v223 aA faunistic and conservation-oriented analysis of the Scarabaeoidea beetles from the Hidalgo State, México is presented. Seven families with 95 genera and 276 species are recorded, of which five genera and six species are considered introduced. Fifteen species are cited for the first time for this state and 21 species are considered to be erroneously or doubtfully recorded for Hidalgo. Thus, Hidalgo is the fifth Mexican state with the highest number of Scarabaeoidea species. On the basis of estimates of species numbers of several biological groups, it is extrapolated that at least 100 species are missing to record from this state. According to the geographical distribution of the species, six groups are proposed (with the exception of introduced species): endemic from Hidalgo (13 spp.), endemic from México (104 spp.), North American (37 spp.), Central American (55 spp.), Latin American (32 spp.), and American (29 spp.). With respect to the vegetation types of the state, the coniferous forest has 92 species of which 37 are restricted to this forest, the oak forest 71 species and none are restricted, the cloud forest 108 species with 34 restricted, the tropical evergreen and semideciduous forests 108 species with 29 restricted, the tropical deciduous forest 69 species with one restricted, and the xerophilous scrub 52 species with 12 restricted. The distribution of the species by biogeographical provinces shows that 62.1 % of the total species are exclusively located in the Sierra Madre Oriental, 13.8 % in the Altiplano Mexicano, 3.8 % in the Eje Neovolcánico Transmexicano and 1.9 % in the Golfo de México. With regard to endemism of Hidalgo and México, the coniferous forest presents 60 species, the cloud forest 59 species, the oak forest 44 species, the tropical evergreen and semideciduous forests 16 species, the xerophilous scrub 13 species, and the tropical deciduous forest nine species. With regard to the four federal protected natural areas of the Hidalgo state, it is necessary to carry out a systematic faunal work at the Biosphere Reserve Barranca de Metztitlán, due to the lack of data of scarab beetles from this and many other arid and semiarid areas of México. It is also important to complete the faunal inventories of the areas with coniferous and oak forests, among them the National Parks Los Mármoles and El Chico. In addition, it is advisable to conduct supplementary collections in areas with tropical deciduous forest, since information on scarab beetles in this forest in Hidalgo state is scarce. On the basis of the high values of richness, endemism and restricted species numbers of the scarab beetles inhabiting the cloud forests, it is urgent to propose protected areas in the state of Hidalgo with this type of vegetation. It is also necessary to obtain more information on the eco-geographical distribution of scarab beetles from Hidalgo, in order to propose species into categories of risk. Likewise, the present-day number of protected natural areas is considered inadequate to preserve this insects group.10aCOLEOPTERA10aconservation10aendemism10aHidalgo10aMe10aprotected natural areas10aScarabaeoidea10ataxonomic diversity10avegetation types10áxico1 aDelgado, Leonardo1 aMarquez, Juan  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/estado-del-conocimiento-y-conservacion-de-los-coleopteros-scarabaeoidea-insecta-del-estado-de-hidalg02805nas a2200337   4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260000800171300001200179490000600191520186300197653002302060653002002083653001702103653001702120653001802137653002402155653002502179653001302204653002202217653002202239653002702261653002102288653001902309100002302328700002602351700001802377700001802395700002002413856003402433       2002                        eng d00aVulnerability of South African animal taxa to climate change0 aVulnerability of South African animal taxa to climate change  cJul  a679-6930 v83 aThe responsiveness of South African fauna to climate change events is poorly documented and not routinely incorporated into regional conservation planning. We model the likely range alterations of a representative suite of 179 animal species to climate change brought about by the doubling of CO2 concentrations. This scenario is expected to cause a mean temperature increase of 2 degreesC. We applied a multivariate climate envelope approach and evaluated model performance using the most comprehensive bird data set. The results were encouraging, although model performance was inconsistent in the eastern coastal area of the country. The levels of climate change induced impacts on species ranges varied from little impact to local extinction. Some 17% of species expanded their ranges, 78% displayed range contraction (4-98%), 3% showed no response and 2% became locally extinct. The majority of range shifts (41%) were in an easterly direction, reflecting the east-west aridity gradient across the country. Species losses were highest in the west. Substantially smaller westward shifts were present in some eastern species. This may reflect a response to the strong altitudinal gradient in this region, or may be a model artifact. Species range change (composite measure reflecting range contraction and displacement) identified selected species that could act as climate change indicator taxa. Red-data and vulnerable species showed similar responses but were more likely to display range change (58% vs. 43% for all species). Predictions suggest that the flagship, Kruger National Park conservation area may loose up to 66% of the species included in this analysis. This highlights the extent of the predicted range shifts, and indicates why conflicts between conservation and other land uses are likely to escalate under conditions of climate change.10abeetles coleoptera10acommon fly belt10aconservation10aDung beetles10afragmentation10ageographical ranges10ahabitat availability10aland-use10aprotection status10arange contraction10asensed vegetation data10aspecies turnover10atsetse habitat1 aErasmus, B., F. N.1 aVan Jaarsveld, A., S.1 aChown, S., L.1 aKshatriya, M.1 aWessels, K., J.  u<Go to ISI>://00017605580000700757nas a2200193   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158300001200227490000700239653005300246653001700299653001700316653001700333653001700350100002200367700002100389700002200410856013100432       1992                        eng d00aA comparative study of the structure of the scarab guild in Mexican tropical rain forests and derived ecosystems0 acomparative study of the structure of the scarab guild in Mexica  a131-1560 v8410acommunity ecology (biological conservation 2007)10aconservation10amodification10aScarabaeidae10aScarabaeinae1 aHalffter, Gonzalo1 aFavila, Mario, E1 aHalffter, Violeta  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/comparative-study-structure-scarab-guild-mexican-tropical-rain-forests-and-derived-ecosystems00883nas a2200253   4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001000232490000600242653002000248653001300268653001900281653001700300653001600317653001400333653001200347653001700359653001500376653001700391653005200408100001900460700001900479856013100498       1975                        eng d00aEffects of clearing in a tropical rain forest on the composition of the coprophagous scarab beetle fauna (Coleoptera)0 aEffects of clearing in a tropical rain forest on the composition  a77-830 v710aalpha diversity10aAmazonia10abeta diversity10aconservation10aDisturbance10aindicator10amethods10amodification10amonitoring10aScarabaeinae10atropical forests (biological conservation 2007)1 aHowden, H., F.1 aNealis, V., G.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/effects-clearing-tropical-rain-forest-composition-coprophagous-scarab-beetle-fauna-coleoptera02342nas a2200277   4500008004100000020002900041245013300070210006900203300000900272490000900281520140000290653002301690653002301713653001701736653001501753653001701768653001901785653001701804653001701821100001901838700001701857700001701874700001601891700001901907856013801926       2007                        eng d  a1175-5326 print1175-533400aBiodiversity, conservation, and hotspots atlas of Costa Rica: a dung beetle perspective (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)0 aBiodiversity conservation and hotspots atlas of Costa Rica a dun  a1-340 v14573 aThis paper is an analysis of the distribution of areas of high species richness and endemicity based on dung beetles living in the different Holdridge life-zones of Costa Rica by using a geographic information system (GIS).  Endemism was examined in relation to whether the species were shared with Nicaragua and/or Panama, or if they were strictly Costa Rican.  The species composition of dung beetle distributions in the sampling areas and life-zones was evaluated.  Species distribution was also analyzed in relation to altitudinal levels.  The species richness and endemicity maps served as a base for doing a gap analysis and defining four different levels of high priority conservation areas.  We also investigated what percentage of these priority areas is under some type of protection or conservation scheme and which of these areas should be enlarged.  Also considered is the feasibility that these areas under protection have for enlargement, considering possible problems and interactions with present land-use.  We include a list of all the recorded dung beetle species for Costa Rica, as well as their presence in the different Holdridge life-zones and their endemicity status.  This study clearly demonstrates the need to include insects in biodiversity-endemicity studies because different and more detailed results are obtained in relation to vertebrate and plant-based studies.10abiodiversity areas10aBiodiversity atlas10aconservation10aCosta Rica10aDung beetles10aendemism areas10agap analysis10aScarabaeinae1 aKohlmann, Bert1 aSolis, Angel1 aElle, Ortwin1 aSoto, Xinia1 aRusso, Ricardo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/biodiversity-conservation-and-hotspots-atlas-costa-rica-dung-beetle-perspective-coleoptera-scarabaei02098nas a2200217   4500008004100000245014300041210006900184300001200253490000700265520132100272653002301593653001701616653001201633653001101645653001501656100001501671700001701686700001501703700002401718856013801742       2006                        eng d00aBiology and ecology of Circellium bacchus (Fabricius 1781) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), a South African dung beetle of conservation concern0 aBiology and ecology of Circellium bacchus Fabricius 1781 Coleopt  a185-2070 v193 aThe dung beetle Circelliuin bacchus (Fabricius 1781) was once widespread in southern Abica but is now restricted to a few isolated fragments in the south of the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa, with the largest pop- ulation present in the Addo Elephant National Park (AENP). The beetles' activity is governed by precipitation and temperature; 18-26 "C and high relative humid- ity favour activity. The beetles are generalist dung feeders and breeders but have clear preferences for elephant dung for feeding, and buffalo dung for breeding. Fecundity is the lowest recorded for a dung beetle, with a maximum of two but on average only one progeny produced per year. The species is unique amongst ball-rolling (ielecoprid) dung beetles in that females initiate, form and roll brood balls, something carried out exclusively by males in other species. The beetles are habitat specialisrs prefening dense undisturbed vegetation to more open, dis- turbed vegetation. The species should be considered rare because of its narrow geographical range, restricted biotope specificity and biological attributes. Fur- thermore, ii complies with most of the characteristics that increase its likelihood of endangerment or extinction and qualifies as "vulnerable" according to IUCN criteria of threatened species.10aCircellrum bacchus10aconservation10aecology10ascarab10avulnerable1 aKryger, U.1 aCole, K., S.1 aTukker, R.1 aScholtz, Clarke, H.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/biology-and-ecology-circellium-bacchus-fabricius-1781-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-south-african-dung-bee02786nas a2200265   4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260000800236300001200244490000700256520204200263653001102305653001002316653002002326653001702346653001602363653001602379653001702395653001202412653001302424653001102437100001702448700002102465856003402486       2002                        eng d00aSearching for a predictive model for species richness of Iberian dung beetle based on spatial and environmental variables0 aSearching for a predictive model for species richness of Iberian  cFeb  a158-1730 v163 aIn Mediterranean countries, inventories of many animal groups particularly insects, are incomplete or nonexistent. Hence, a feasible spatial picture of unequally surveyed areas is required to ascertain which faunistic surveys are good enough to produce reliable estimates of species richness. We used generalized linear models to build a multiple-regression function through which we predicted the distribution of Iberian dung beetle species richness. Given the scarcity and unevenness of the species-richness spatial distribution, the number of records of a dung beetle database (BANDASCA), falling within each of the 50 x 50 km grid squares, was chosen as a measure of the sampling effort for that square. Examining the asymptotic relationship between the number of dung-beetle species and database records for each physioclimatic Iberian subregion, we found that 82 grid squares (32% of the total) were adequately sampled. Dung-beetle species richness was related in each of these 82 cells to 24 explanatory variables. Curvilinear functions, interaction terms, and the significant third-degree polynomial terms of latitude and longitude were included to model species-richness distribution. The final model accounted for 62.4% of the total deviance after we eliminated seven outlier squares, with maximum elevation, grassland area, land-use diversity, forest area, geological diversity, interaction of terrestrial area and maximum elevation, and interaction between calcareous rock, and geological diversity and latitude being the most significant independent variables. The residuals of the function were not spatially autocorrelated, and we validated the final model by a jackknife procedure. Large and environmentally complex hotspots in the Iberian Central, Baetic, and Subbaetic mountain ranges stand out from the emerging map of species richness. Further detailed research is required to determine the complementarity of the faunas of these two main hotspots, the key question in conservation planning for a dung-feeding beetle.10aAfrica10aatlas10aautocorrelation10abiodiversity10abutterflies10acommunities10aconservation10ainsects10apatterns10aplants1 aLobo, J., M.1 aMartin-Piera, F.  u<Go to ISI>://00017372640001602449nas a2200229   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135300001000204490000700214520167800221653001701899653001401916653002701930653001501957653001501972653001301987653002002000100002502020700002302045700002902068856012202097       2006                        eng d00aEcosystem disturbances and diversity increase: implications for invertebrate conservation0 aEcosystem disturbances and diversity increase implications for i  a25-420 v153 aAbstract. The Pantanal is one of the faunistic provinces considered as a priority area for inverte- brate conservation. However, it is one of the areas in Brazil where the local fauna is less assessed, thus needing more scientific information that could allow political decisions to be made regarding conservation. The continuous pressure for new pasture areas leads to improper habitat occupation and destruction, like fragmentation of forest areas in the region. Such alterations can cause different impacts on the local fauna, including the soil arthropods. The main objective of this work was to compare the morphospecies composition, diversity and density of the soil arthropod fauna between a secondary single species forest (Cambarazal) and a cultivated pasture with exotic and native grass species, using only pitfall traps as sampling method. We found a great variation on the vegetal cover among environments. A higher humidity in the forest soil was observed, as well as a greater com- paction of the soil in the cultivated pasture. A total of 3635 individuals were collected, belonging to 214 different morphospecies. 139 morphospecies were collected in the forest (37% exclusive to this environment), while 134 morphospecies were collected in the cultivated pasture (35% exclusive). The diversity was higher in the forest (H¢ = 1.634) than in the cultivated pasture (H¢ = 1.253). How- ever, considering the area as a whole (forest and pasture) the global diversity was increased. In this paper we discuss about the effects of environmental changes on soil arthropod diversity and propose a hypothetical model for invertebrate management in mosaic ecosystems.10aconservation10adiversity10aEcosystem disturbances10aManagement10aNeotropics10apantanal10aSoil Arthropods1 aLoyola, Rafael, Dias1 aBrito, Sofia-Luiza1 aFerreira, Rodrigo, Lopes  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/ecosystem-disturbances-and-diversity-increase-implications-invertebrate-conservation00771nas a2200205   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001400233490000700247653001700254653001600271653001800287653001600305653001900321653001100340653002400351100002300375700002900398856013800427       2002                        eng d00aDung beetles in continous forest, forest fragments and in an agricultural mosiac habitat island at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico0 aDung beetles in continous forest forest fragments and in an agri  a1903-19180 v1110aconservation10adung beetle10afragmentation10aLos Tuxtlas10amammal mammals10aMexico10atropical rainforest1 aEstrada, Alejandro1 aCoates-Estrada, Rosamond  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetles-continous-forest-forest-fragments-and-agricultural-mosiac-habitat-island-los-tuxtlas-me02981nas a2200337   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260000800217300001200225490000700237520204300244653001602287653001802303653001502321653001702336653002102353653001202374653002402386653002202410653001502432653001502447653001702462653001402479653001702493653002102510653001902531100002002550700002502570700001402595856003402609       2002                        eng d00aThe verification and application of bioindicators: a case study of dung beetles in a savanna ecosystem0 averification and application of bioindicators a case study of du  cAug  a661-6720 v393 a1.Bioindicators of habitat quality and environmental change must be identified quantitatively and tested independently to confirm their usefulness. We used the indicator value (IndVal ) method, which combines measures of habitat fidelity and specificity, to assess the indicator responses of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa. The indicator responses were verified by sampling in different areas of the Park, 2 years after the responses were originally quantified. 2. We postulated that terrestrial insect indicators with different combinations of habitat specificity and fidelity might fulfil different indicator roles. Indicator species with strong habitat specificity (characteristic species) are unlikely to provide information on the direction of ecological change despite high vulnerability. Rather, detector species that span a range of ecological states are likely to be better in this role. We used IndVal for selecting such detector species that indicate the direction of ecological change. 3. Sets of species were found to be robust bioindicators, i.e. reliably characteristic across the habitat of which they were indicative. The suite of indicators was refined by discarding those with IndVal s that varied significantly across years, thus improving the confidence in the final suite of species selected. By clearly responding to a change in habitat between two ecological states, detector species provided information complementary to that provided by characteristic species. 4. The IndVal method enabled both the identification and testing of indicator (characteristic and detector) species. Because of its resilience to changes in abundance, IndVal is a particularly effective tool for ecological bioindication. 5. We conclude that both characteristic and detector species are useful bioindicators of habitat quality and conversion. We propose that bioindicators that are categorized and verified in this way will have valuable application in the monitoring of habitat integrity.10aassemblages10abioindication10aCOLEOPTERA10aconservation10adetector species10ahabitat10ahabitat specificity10aindicator species10aindicators10arange size10aScarabaeidae10aSELECTION10asouth-africa10aspecies richness10atransformation1 aMcGeoch, M., A.1 aVan Rensburg, B., J.1 aBotes, A.  u<Go to ISI>://00017725500001101734nas a2200277   4500008004100000020001400041245009300055210006900148260000800217300001200225490000700237520097500244653001701219653001701236653001401253653001101267653001401278653002201292653001501314653001301329653001401342653002201356100002001378700002301398856003501421       2003                        eng d  a0141-670700aPower to detect trends in ecological indicators in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania0 aPower to detect trends in ecological indicators in the East Usam  cDec  a294-2980 v413 aWe evaluated the statistical power of monitoring protocols to detect, over a 10-year period, trends in indices of abundance of primates, hornbills and forest interior dung beetles and growth rates of epiphytic ferns in the Amani Nature Reserve, in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Local technicians are responsible for the day-to-day gathering of data. The existing monitoring protocols for blue monkey, silver-cheeked hornbills, trumpeter hornbills, forest interior dung beetles and Asplenium nidus have sufficient statistical power (>0.80) to detect trends of 65% or less over a 10-year period. Monitoring protocols for black and white colobus and Asplenium holstii have lower statistical power (<0.80). We therefore conclude that the majority of monitoring protocols of the East Usambara Ecological Monitoring Project have the capacity both logistically and statistically to detect long-term trends in important functional groups in the East Usambara Mountains.10aconservation10aDung beetles10aepiphytes10aforest10ahornbills10alocal technicians10amonitoring10aprimates10aprotocols10aSTATISTICAL POWER1 aNewmark, W., D.1 aSenzota, R., B. M.  u<Go to ISI>://000188226700002 02299nas a2200349   4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260000800237300001200245490000700257520135800264653001901622653001201641653001501653653002101668653001501689653001601704653001701720653001701737653001301754653001201767653000901779653002301788653001401811653001301825653001401838653001201852653002001864100001601884700001501900856003401915       2003                        eng d00aRapid turnover and edge effects in dung beetle assemblages (Scarabaeidae) at a Bolivian Neotropical forest-savanna ecotone0 aRapid turnover and edge effects in dung beetle assemblages Scara  cSep  a394-4040 v353 aHabitat fragmentation and the widespread creation of habitat edges have recently stimulated interest in assessing the effects of ecotones on biodiversity. Ecotones, natural or anthropogenic, can greatly affect faunal movement, population dynamics, species interactions, and community structure. Few data exist, however, on insect community response to forest- savanna ecotones, a natural analog to anthropogenically cleared areas adjacent to forest. In this study, the abundance, total biomass, average individual biomass, and distribution of scarabaeine dung beetles were examined at a sharp tropical evergreen forest-savanna ecotone in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The abundance, total biomass, and average individual biomass of dung beetles varied significantly across the forest, edge, and savanna habitats. Species richness (S-obs) also varied significantly across the three habitats, but statistical estimations of true species richness (S-est) did not. Habitat specificity of the dung beetles in this study was extremely high. Of the 50 most common species collected during the study, only 2 species were collected in both the forest and savanna habitats, signaling nearly complete community turnover in just a few meters. Strong edge effects were evidenced by the decline in abundance, total biomass, and species richness at the forest-savanna boundary.10abeta diversity10aBolivia10aboundaries10aCentral Amazonia10aCOLEOPTERA10acommunities10aconservation10aDung beetles10adynamics10aecotone10aedge10afragmented forests10agradients10apatterns10aresponses10asavanna10atropical forest1 aSpector, S.1 aAyzama, S.  u<Go to ISI>://00018664470000901971nas a2200217   4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001200224490000800236520118200244653001801426653001701444653001701461653001701478653003001495653003101525100001801556700002001574700002101594856013801615       2007                        eng d00aSpecies richness in Mediterranean agroecosystems: spatial and temporal analysis for biodiversity conservation0 aSpecies richness in Mediterranean agroecosystems spatial and tem  a113-1210 v1343 aWe used dung beetles as an indicator group to identify the most important habitats for bio- diversity conservation in a Mediterranean traditional agroecosystem. The relationships between traditional grazing and farming activities and biodiversity were analysed by com- paring species richness and temporal turnover across three different habitat types, defined according to vegetation structure and human land use. In this study, both spatial (land- scape, among-habitats) and temporal (intra-annual, seasonal) analyses were contemplated at mesoscale. The measurement and use of temporal beta diversity (i.e. an index of temporal species turnover) in conservation biology showed that it is a simple method to characterize and compare different habitat species-assemblages, particularly when time seems to be a sig- nificant factor in explaining biodiversity features. Our results showed open mosaic areas as the richest and most temporally heteroge- neous habitats. We suggest the maintenance of traditional human activities carried out in these areas, since they have been a significant diversification agent, to avoid the loss of the high Mediterranean biological diversity. 10aagroecosystem10abiodiversity10aconservation10aDung beetles10aMountainous Mediterranean10aTemporal turnover measures1 aZamora, Jorge1 aVerdu, Jose, R.1 aGalante, Eduardo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/species-richness-mediterranean-agroecosystems-spatial-and-temporal-analysis-biodiversity-conservatio