03512nas a2200193   4500008004100000245006200041210006200103260000800165300001200173490000700185520294500192653005403137100001903191700002003210700001903230700001703249700001803266856003403284       1998                        eng d00aBeetle species responses to tropical forest fragmentation0 aBeetle species responses to tropical forest fragmentation  cAug  a295-3230 v683 aThe effects of forest fragmentation on beetle species composition were investigated in an experimentally fragmented tropical forest landscape in Central Amazonia. Leaf-litter beetles were sampled at seven distances from the forest edge (0-420 m) along forest edge-to-interior transects in two 100-ha forest fragments and two continuous forest edges, and at an identical series of distances along two deep continuous forest transects. Additional samples were taken at the centers of two 10-ha forest fragments and two 1-ha fragments. This sampling regime allowed discrimination between edge and fragment area effects. Beetle species composition changed significantly and independently with both decreasing distance from forest edge and decreasing fragment area. Edge effects on species composition were mediated by six important environmental variables: air temperature, canopy height, percent ground cover of twigs, litter biomass, litter moisture content, and an air temperature X distance from edge interaction effect, due to the different temperature profiles of edges with differing edge vegetation density. Population densities of 15 of the 32 most abundant beetle species tested (47%) were significantly affected by forest fragmentation. Species responses were classified empirically into four major categories: (A) edge sensitive, area insensitive; (B) area sensitive, edge insensitive; (C) edge and area sensitive; and (D) edge and area insensitive. Within these categories, trends in density were either positive (deep-forest species), or negative (disturbed- area species), with species showing the full spectrum of responses to fragmentation. The vast majority of species were adversely affected. Estimated species loss rates from forest fragments were: 49.8% of common species from 1-ha fragments, 29.8% from 10-ha fragments, and 13.8% from 100-ha fragments. Declining density was a significant precursor of species loss from forest fragments, but other species that did not show significant population density responses to fragmentation were also absent from some fragments, presumably by chance. The probability of species loss from forest fragments was not correlated with body size or trophic group for the 32 common species, although for the entire beetle assemblage (993 species) proportions of species in different trophic groups changed significantly with fragmentation. Rarity and population variability (in undisturbed forest) were significant predictors of susceptibility to fragmentation. Surprisingly, though, common species were significantly more likely to become locally extinct in small fragments than rarer species. This lends empirical support to models of multispecies coexistence under disturbance that suggest competitively dominant but poorly dispersing species are the first to become extinct due to habitat destruction. Thus, rarer species are predicted to be better dispersers and better at persisting.10aforest change biodiversity dung beetles corridors1 aDidham, R., K.1 aHammond, P., M.1 aLawton, J., H.1 aEggleton, P.1 aStork, N., E.  u<Go to ISI>://00007519610000103216nas a2200181   4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001100219300001200230490000800242520265800250653001702908100001902925700001902944700002002963700001702983856003403000       1998                        eng d00aTrophic structure stability and extinction dynamics of beetles (Coleoptera) in tropical forest fragments0 aTrophic structure stability and extinction dynamics of beetles C  cMar 29  a437-4510 v3533 aA first analysis of the stability of trophic structure following tropical forest fragmentation was performed in an experimentally fragmented tropical forest landscape in Central Amazonia. A taxonomically and trophically diverse assemblage of 993 species of beetles was sampled from 920 m(2) of leaf litter at 46 sites, varying in distance from forest edge and fragment area. Beetle density increased significantly towards the forest: edge and showed non-linear changes with fragment area, due to the influx of numerous disturbed-area species into 10 ha and 1 ha fragments. There was a marked change in species composition with both decreasing distance from forest edge and decreasing fragment area, but surprisingly this change in composition was not accompanied by a change in species richness. Rarefied species richness did not vary significantly across any of the sites, indicating that local extinctions of deep forest species were balanced by equivalent colonization rates of disturbed-area species. The change in species composition with fragmentation was non-random across trophic groups. Proportions of predator species and xylophage species changed significantly with distance from forest edge, but no area-dependent changes in proportions of species in trophic groups were observed. Trophic structure was also analysed with respect to proportions of abundance in six trophic groups. Proportions of abundance of all trophic groups except xylomycetophages changed markedly with respect to both distance from forest edge and fragment area. Local extinction probabilities calculated far individual beetle species supported theoretical predictions of the differential susceptibility of higher trophic levels to extinction, and of changes in trophic structure following forest fragmentation. To reduce random effects due to sampling error, only abundant species (n greater than or equal to 46) were analysed for extinction probabilities, as defined by absence from samples. Of these common species, 27% had significantly higher probabilities of local extinction following fragmentation. The majority of these species were predators; 42% of all abundant predator species were significantly more likely to be absent from samples in forest fragments than in undisturbed forest. These figures are regarded as minimum estimates for the entire beetle assemblage because rarer species drill inevitably have higher extinction probabilities. Absolute loss of biodiversity will affect ecosystem process rates, but the differential loss of species from trophic groups will have an even greater destabilizing effect on food web structure and ecosystem function.10aDung beetles1 aDidham, R., K.1 aLawton, J., H.1 aHammond, P., M.1 aEggleton, P.  u<Go to ISI>://00007347240000800512nas a2200109   4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300001200225490000700237100002000244856013800264       1976                        eng d00aKleptoparasitic behaviour of Onthophagus suturalis Peringuey (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and other dung beetles0 aKleptoparasitic behaviour of Onthophagus suturalis Peringuey Col  a245-2490 v301 aHammond, P., M.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/kleptoparasitic-behaviour-onthophagus-suturalis-peringuey-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-and-other-dung-bee00695nas a2200145   4500008004100000245016800041210006900209260004400278300001200322653001700334100002000351700001900371700002100390856013800411       1990                        eng d00aInsect abundance and diversity in the Dumoga-Bone National Park, N.Sulawesi, with special reference to the beetle fauna of lowland rain forest in the Toraut region0 aInsect abundance and diversity in the DumogaBone National Park N  aLondonbThe Royal Entomological Society  a197-25410aDung beetles1 aHammond, P., M.1 aKnight, W., J.1 aHolloway, J., D.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/insect-abundance-and-diversity-dumoga-bone-national-park-nsulawesi-special-reference-beetle-fauna-lo