02383nas a2200253   4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260000900192300001000201490000700211520157200218653001401790653001301804653001601817653001601833653002601849653006001875653001301935653001801948653001901966100001701985700001902002856010802021       1987                        eng d00aDung Exploitation of the Dung Beetle Typhaeus-Typhoeus Coleoptera Geotrupidae0 aDung Exploitation of the Dung Beetle TyphaeusTyphoeus Coleoptera  c1987  a21-270 v723 aThis paper deals with the functional aspects of the exploitation of dung by the dung beetle Typhaeus typhoeus. In horizontal brood chambers of a nest in the soil these beetles make "dung sausages" chiefly from rabbit droppings, as a food source for the larvae. Their foraging behaviour was shown to be positively correlated with the occurrence of rainy periods. The beetles foraged more efficiently on clustered dung pellets than on dispersed ones. Body sizes of beetles were positively correlated with the lengths of the dung sausages from which they emerged. In laboratory experiments the lengths of the dung sausages made by a pair of beetles did not significantly differ within a wide range of frequencies of supply of various amounts of rabbit dung pellets, despite the longer time spent per dung sausage when less dung was supplied per unit of time. It is suggested that dung provisioning does not stop before the dung sausages have reached lengths (approximately 8.5-9.5 cm) anticipated by the lengths of the brood chambers. However, there appeared to be a critically low value between 1-2 and 4-5 dung pellets supplied per day, below which the finished dung sausages were significantly shorter (approximately 3.5 cm). When, at the places of settlement, dung was scarce near the nest entrances, the number of nests excavated by the beetles and, thus, the beetles' physical effect on the soil, was shown to be higher than when dung was plentiful near the nest. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of the foraging behaviour by the beetles are discussed.10aAnimalia-10aAnimals-10aArthropoda-10aArthropods-10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aECOLOGY FORAGING EFFICIENCY BEHAVIOR EVOLUTION RAINFALL10aInsects-10aInvertebrata-10aInvertebrates-1 aBrussaard, L1 aVisser, W, J F  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-exploitation-dung-beetle-typhaeus-typhoeus-coleoptera-geotrupidae01730nas a2200241   4500008004100000245014400041210006900185300001200254490000700266520084000273653005801113653001401171653001301185653001601198653001601214653002601230653002301256653001301279653001801292653001901310100002101329856013801350       1987                        eng d00aGeographical Distribution of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Their Seasonal Activity in Southwestern Cape Province South Africa0 aGeographical Distribution of Dung Beetles Coleoptera Scarabaeida  a275-2850 v503 aA total of 30 species of dung beetles was recorded in indigenous shrubland near Langebaan and a pasture of Kikuyu grass near Paarl over a period of 13 months. These species were divided into 2 groups according to their distribution between the rainfall regions of southern Africa. Group 1, which was numerically dominant at Langebaan, was largely endemic to the winter and bimodal rainfall regions and was principally active during the winter rainy season in the south-western Cape. Group 2, which was numerically dominant at Paarl, was widespread in the winter, bimodal and summer rainfall regions and was principally active during the summer dry season and beginning of the rainy season in the south-western Cape. The potential of these beetles as control agents of the dung-breeding bush fly in south-western Australia is discussed.10a30 species bush fly rainfall biological control agent10aAnimalia-10aAnimals-10aArthropoda-10aArthropods-10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDiptera-: Insecta-10aInsects-10aInvertebrata-10aInvertebrates-1 aDavis, A., L. V.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/geographical-distribution-dung-beetles-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-and-their-seasonal-activity-southwest