04819nas a2200229   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001000242490000700252520400300259653001004262653002804272653002904300653001704329653001604346653001704362653001404379653001304393100002304406700002204429856013804451       2003                        eng d00aGamma diversity: derived from and a determinant of alpha diversity and beta diversity. An analysis of three tropical landscapes0 aGamma diversity derived from and a determinant of alpha diversit  a27-760 v903 aUsing three taxonomic groups of beetles we examine how alpha and beta diversity influence the species richness of a landscape (gamma diversity), and vice versa. That is, how the species richness of a landscape – which is a historical and biogeographical phenomenon – contributes to the values of alpha diversity (1) at a given site, (2) in a community, (3) in terms of cumulative species richness by community, and also contributes to (4) the intensity of species exchange between communities. To explore this question, we used two subfamilies of Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeinae and Geotrupinae, and the family Silphidae. In all analyses these three taxonomic groups are considered as a single indicator group: the copronecrophagous beetles. Information is also included on the subfamily Aphodiinae (Scarabaeoidea), coprophagous beetles not included in the indicator group. Several types of vegetation located in three landscapes (tropical, transition and mountain) were studied, and these are located along an altitudinal gradient in the central part of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. We base this study on the following concepts. The alpha diversity of an indicator group reflects the number of species that use a given environment or resource in a given place or community. Spacial beta diversity is related to the response of organisms to spatial heterogeneity. Gamma diversity depends primarily on the historical and geographic processes that operate on the mesoscale level and is also affected by alpha and beta diversity. It is on this scale of landscape that human actions, such as the modification and fragmentation of vegetation, have their most important effects. These are, however, often beyond the scope of ecological analyses carried out on a local scale. In the three landscapes, sampling was carried out regularly at 67 sites, with complementary sampling at another 69 sites. Twenty-six types of vegetation communities were studied. A total of 16,152 specimens representing 60 species were captured (52 species of Scarabaeinae, 4 Geotrupinae and 4 Silphidae). In the tropical landscape the community richest in species was low deciduous forest. In the transition landscape, cloud forest was the richest. Each of these communities is the most representative of their respective altitudinal bands. In contrast, the greatest species richness in the mountain landscape occurred in the mountain grasslands and pastures; types of community favoured by or even created by human intervention. This is explained by the expansion of heliophilous species from the Mexican High Plateau into these areas. In the tropical landscape the species richness of the pastures is similar to that of its forests, but with a partially different composition which is characterized by the dominance of heliophilous and coprophagous species; the latter, in addition to the more ubiquitous species that are shared with the tropical forest. In the transition landscape the cloud forest and the coffee plantations with polyspecific shade are important in the context of conserving the fauna. This type of community offers arboreal cover and occupies the majority of this landscape, allowing the groups of insects studied to move between remnant fragments of cloud forest. On the landscape scale but not locally, the fragmentation of natural communities does not appear to have reduced the number of species for the beetles of the indicator group. In each landscape disturbance by human activity appears to have been overcome for distinct reasons. In the tropical landscape we find the heliophilous beetle fauna characteristic of pastures, and this has increased by two species of recent invaders. In the transition landscape, the coffee plantations with polyspecific shade create a communication matrix, while in the mountain landscape the expansion of the mountain pastures has made conditions more favourable for heliophilous species. These results are not necessarily expected for other groups of organisms. 10aalpha10aanthropogenic landscape10abeta and gamma diversity10aDung beetles10aGeotrupinae10aScarabaeinae10aSilphidae10aVeracruz1 aArellano, Lucrecia1 aHalffter, Gonzalo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/gamma-diversity-derived-and-determinant-alpha-diversity-and-beta-diversity-analysis-three-tropical-l02325nas a2200241   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001200233490000600245520145700251653002901708653001701737653002101754653002501775653001801800653001301818653001701831653002501848100002301873700002701896700002201923856013801945       2008                        eng d00aResponse of dung beetle assemblages to landscape structure in remnant natural and modified habitats in Southern Mexico0 aResponse of dung beetle assemblages to landscape structure in re  a253-2620 v13 a1. To provide reliable tools for landscape management in tropical regions, it is important to recognise the emergent properties of landscape heterogeneity and to understand their influence on different components of biodiversity. 2. The effects of habitat type, patch size and shape, canopy cover, distance between habitats, and elevation were examined on the partitioned diversity (alpha, beta and gamma) of dung beetles in a transformed landscape in southern Mexico. 3. In total, 4109 individuals belonging to 28 species of dung beetle were recorded in the entire landscape. Alpha diversity was similar among habitats, although species com- position was more similar between forest remnants and living fences than between living fences and pastures. Beta diversity was related to differences in elevation and distance between habitats. The distance between fragments was significantly correlated with the mean number of beetle captures and species richness per site. Gamma diversity depended more on species turnover (beta diversity) than on local species richness. 4. In general, living fences and pastures with trees, and small forest patches retain a significant proportion of the fauna typically associated with pristine forest habitats. The remaining tracts of forest, along with the contemporary landscape elements may offer suitable habitats for future recolonisation by other insect species in heavily disturbed landscapes in tropical Mexico.10aAlpha and beta diversity10abiodiversity10aindicator groups10alandscape management10aliving fences10apastures10aScarabaeinae10atropical dry forest.1 aArellano, Lucrecia1 aLeon-Cortes, Jorge, L.1 aHalffter, Gonzalo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/response-dung-beetle-assemblages-landscape-structure-remnant-natural-and-modified-habitats-southern-02501nas a2200157   4500008004100000245021000041210006900251260000800320300001200328490000700340520178700347100002602134700002202160700002302182856013802205       2007                        eng d00aFrom forest to pasture: an evaluation of the influence of environment and biogeography on the structure of dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages along three altitudinal grafients in the Neotropical region0 aFrom forest to pasture an evaluation of the influence of environ  cFeb  a193-2080 v303 aThe objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of environmental (associated with the expansion of cattle ranching) and biogeographical factors on the diversity of dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages along three altitudinal gradients in the Neotropical region. One gradient is located in the Mexican Transition Zone, on the Cofre de Perote mountain, the other two are in the northern Andes (the Chiles Volcano and the Rı ́o Cusiana Basin). For the three gradients, the number of species decreased as altitude increased. On the Cofre de Perote, regardless of altitude, the number of species and of individuals was similar in both forest and pasture, while species composition was different between habitats. On this mountain, species turnover in pastures was characterized by the addition of new species as altitude increased. In the northern Andes, species diversity was always greater in the forest than in the pasture, and species turnover between habitats was notably influenced by species loss with increasing altitude. As such the pasture fauna of the northern Andes was an impoverished derivative of the fauna present in the forests at the same altitude characterized by species of Neotropical affinity with a limited capacity for colonizing open, sunnier habitats. The opposite occurs in the areas used by cattle on the Cofre de Perote. This habitat has its own fauna, which is mainly comprised of Holarctic and Afrotropical species adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions of areas lacking arboreal vegetation. These results suggest that the impact on beetle communities caused by human activities can differ depending on the geographic position of each mountain and, particularly, the biogeographical history of the species assemblage that lives there.1 aS., Federico, Escobar1 aHalffter, Gonzalo1 aArellano, Lucrecia  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/forest-pasture-evaluation-influence-environment-and-biogeography-structure-dung-beetle-scarabaeinae-01014nas a2200241   4500008004100000245014400041210007000185260009900255300001000354653001400364653004800378653001800426653001400444653001700458653001700475653001700492100002200509700002300531700003000554700002700584700002300611856013800634       2001                        eng d00aVariación de la diversidad en especies de Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) como respuesta a la antropización de un paisaje tropical0 aVariación de la diversidad en especies de Scarabaeinae Coleopter  aGuadelajara, MéxicobUniversidad de Guadalajara—Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos  a35-5310acommunity10aconservation (biological conservation 2007)10adeforestation10adiversity10amicroclimate10amodification10aScarabaeinae1 aHalffter, Gonzalo1 aArellano, Lucrecia1 aNavarrete-Heredia, J., L.1 aLopéz, H., E. Fierros1 aBurgos-Solorio, A.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/variaci-n-de-la-diversidad-en-especies-de-scarabaeinae-coleopterascarabaeidae-como-respuesta-la-antr00648nas a2200181   4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001200197490000700209653002400216653001400240653001100254653001700265653003000282100002200312700002300334856010900357       2002                        eng d00aResponse of dung beetle diversity to human-induced changes in a tropical landscape0 aResponse of dung beetle diversity to humaninduced changes in a t  a144-1540 v3410adisturbance mammals10aindicator10aMexico10aScarabaeinae10atropical decicuous forest1 aHalffter, Gonzalo1 aArellano, Lucrecia  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/response-dung-beetle-diversity-human-induced-changes-tropical-landscape00850nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245015300055210006900208300001200277490000600289653002900295653001700324653001500341653001600356653001700372653001400389653001300403100002200416700002100438700002300459856013800482       1995                        eng d  a0214-135300aSpatial distribution of three groups of Coleoptera along an altitudinal transect in the Mexican Transition Zone and its biogeographical implications0 aSpatial distribution of three groups of Coleoptera along an alti  a151-1850 v910aAltitudinal distribution10abiogeography10aCOLEOPTERA10aGeotrupidae10aScarabaeinae10aSilphidae10aVeracruz1 aHalffter, Gonzalo1 aFavila, Mario, E1 aArellano, Lucrecia  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/spatial-distribution-three-groups-coleoptera-along-altitudinal-transect-mexican-transition-zone-and-02372nas a2200217   4500008004100000245012900041210006900170300001400239490000700253520156600260653002001826653001901846653001701865653002601882653001701908100002201925700002001947700002301967700002601990856013802016       2007                        eng d00aInstability of copronecrophagous beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in a mountainous tropical landscape of Mexico0 aInstability of copronecrophagous beetle assemblages Coleoptera S  a1397-14070 v363 aWe analyzed changes over time in species composition and functional guild structure (temporal beta diversity) for natural assemblages and those modiÞed by humans in a fragmented, tropical mountain landscape. The assemblages belong to cloud forests (the original vegetation type), secondary forests, traditional shaded coffee plantations, commercial shaded coffee plantations, and a cattle pasture. Copronecrophagous beetles, subfamily Scarabaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), were used as the indicator group. This group has been used in previous studies and other tropical forests and has been found to be a good indicator of the effects of anthropogenic change. For each assemblage, we compared samples that were collected several years apart. Changes were found in species composition, order of abundance, and in the proportion that a given species is present in the different functional groups. The changes that occurred between samplings affected the less abundant species in the cloud forest and in the pasture. In the other vegetation types, both abundant and less abundant species were affected. Their order of abundance and proportion in the different guilds also changed. This study shows that, although landscape richness remains relatively constant, richness at the local level (alpha diversity) changes notably even over short lapses of time. This could be a characteristic of landscapes with intermediate degrees of disturbance (such as those that have been partially modiÞed for human use), where assemblage composition is very fluid. 10aalpha diversity10abeta diversity10acloud forest10afragmented landscapes10aScarabaeinae1 aHalffter, Gonzalo1 aPineda, Eduardo1 aArellano, Lucrecia1 aS., Federico, Escobar  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/instability-copronecrophagous-beetle-assemblages-coleoptera-scarabaeinae-mountainous-tropical-landsc