04819nas a2200229   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001000242490000700252520400300259653001004262653002804272653002904300653001704329653001604346653001704362653001404379653001304393100002304406700002204429856013804451       2003                        eng d00aGamma diversity: derived from and a determinant of alpha diversity and beta diversity. An analysis of three tropical landscapes0 aGamma diversity derived from and a determinant of alpha diversit  a27-760 v903 aUsing three taxonomic groups of beetles we examine how alpha and beta diversity influence the species richness of a landscape (gamma diversity), and vice versa. That is, how the species richness of a landscape – which is a historical and biogeographical phenomenon – contributes to the values of alpha diversity (1) at a given site, (2) in a community, (3) in terms of cumulative species richness by community, and also contributes to (4) the intensity of species exchange between communities. To explore this question, we used two subfamilies of Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeinae and Geotrupinae, and the family Silphidae. In all analyses these three taxonomic groups are considered as a single indicator group: the copronecrophagous beetles. Information is also included on the subfamily Aphodiinae (Scarabaeoidea), coprophagous beetles not included in the indicator group. Several types of vegetation located in three landscapes (tropical, transition and mountain) were studied, and these are located along an altitudinal gradient in the central part of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. We base this study on the following concepts. The alpha diversity of an indicator group reflects the number of species that use a given environment or resource in a given place or community. Spacial beta diversity is related to the response of organisms to spatial heterogeneity. Gamma diversity depends primarily on the historical and geographic processes that operate on the mesoscale level and is also affected by alpha and beta diversity. It is on this scale of landscape that human actions, such as the modification and fragmentation of vegetation, have their most important effects. These are, however, often beyond the scope of ecological analyses carried out on a local scale. In the three landscapes, sampling was carried out regularly at 67 sites, with complementary sampling at another 69 sites. Twenty-six types of vegetation communities were studied. A total of 16,152 specimens representing 60 species were captured (52 species of Scarabaeinae, 4 Geotrupinae and 4 Silphidae). In the tropical landscape the community richest in species was low deciduous forest. In the transition landscape, cloud forest was the richest. Each of these communities is the most representative of their respective altitudinal bands. In contrast, the greatest species richness in the mountain landscape occurred in the mountain grasslands and pastures; types of community favoured by or even created by human intervention. This is explained by the expansion of heliophilous species from the Mexican High Plateau into these areas. In the tropical landscape the species richness of the pastures is similar to that of its forests, but with a partially different composition which is characterized by the dominance of heliophilous and coprophagous species; the latter, in addition to the more ubiquitous species that are shared with the tropical forest. In the transition landscape the cloud forest and the coffee plantations with polyspecific shade are important in the context of conserving the fauna. This type of community offers arboreal cover and occupies the majority of this landscape, allowing the groups of insects studied to move between remnant fragments of cloud forest. On the landscape scale but not locally, the fragmentation of natural communities does not appear to have reduced the number of species for the beetles of the indicator group. In each landscape disturbance by human activity appears to have been overcome for distinct reasons. In the tropical landscape we find the heliophilous beetle fauna characteristic of pastures, and this has increased by two species of recent invaders. In the transition landscape, the coffee plantations with polyspecific shade create a communication matrix, while in the mountain landscape the expansion of the mountain pastures has made conditions more favourable for heliophilous species. These results are not necessarily expected for other groups of organisms. 10aalpha10aanthropogenic landscape10abeta and gamma diversity10aDung beetles10aGeotrupinae10aScarabaeinae10aSilphidae10aVeracruz1 aArellano, Lucrecia1 aHalffter, Gonzalo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/gamma-diversity-derived-and-determinant-alpha-diversity-and-beta-diversity-analysis-three-tropical-l02451nas a2200277   4500008004100000245016200041210006900203260000800272300001200280490000700292520159600299653001501895653002001910653001701930653003101947653001701978653001801995653001802013653001702031653001802048653001202066653002402078100001602102700002102118856003402139       2000                        eng d00aSpace and time distribution along a succesional gradient of coprofagous coleopterans (Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae) in a tropical montane forest, Narino Colombia0 aSpace and time distribution along a succesional gradient of copr  cDec  a961-9750 v483 aDung beetles (Scarabaeinae y Aphodiinae) were used to evaluate the effects of human activities in the area surrounding La Planada Natural Reserve, southwestern Colombia. During 1993 we monitored three habitats: primary and secondary forest, and open fields used for cattle grazing. A total of 55 295 trap / hours, evenly distributed among the three habitat types, captured 9 115 individuals (18 species, 11 general. There were differences in species richness between habitats (F-2,F-9 = 29.88; P < 0.001), an in number of individuals (F-2,F-9 = 36.22; P < 0.001). Collecting sites differed within habitats. Cluster analyses show that species composition differs between habitats with and without tree cover. Open areas act as barriers for movements of forest species. Differences between habitats and collecting sites may reflect high environmental heterogeneity, land use history of the sites or the influence of nearby disturbance. Some of the species found in open fields come from lower elevations and are usually associated with intense human disturbance. The proportion of digging and rolling: species is similar in both primary and secondary forest, nocturnal species are more abundant; in open areas rolling species are absent and the number of diurnal species increases. We found no relationship between rainfall and species richness (r(2) = 0.26; P = 0.41), nor between rainfall and number of individuals collected throughout the year (r(2) = 0.07; P = 0.84). For all species the number of individuals collected decreased during dry season and during the onset of the rainy season.10aAphodiinae10aColombian Andes10aconsequences10adiversity and conservation10aDung beetles10afragmentation10aheterogeneity10aScarabaeinae10asoil-moisture10aspatial10asuccession gradient1 aEscobar, F.1 ade Ulloa, P., C.  u<Go to ISI>://00016972090002002461nas a2200277   4500008004100000245016200041210006900203260000800272300001200280490000700292520159600299653001501895653002001910653001701930653003101947653001701978653001801995653001802013653001702031653001802048653001202066653002402078100002602102700002102128856003402149       2000                        eng d00aSpace and time distribution along a succesional gradient of coprofagous coleopterans (Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae) in a tropical montane forest, Narino Colombia0 aSpace and time distribution along a succesional gradient of copr  cDec  a961-9750 v483 aDung beetles (Scarabaeinae y Aphodiinae) were used to evaluate the effects of human activities in the area surrounding La Planada Natural Reserve, southwestern Colombia. During 1993 we monitored three habitats: primary and secondary forest, and open fields used for cattle grazing. A total of 55 295 trap / hours, evenly distributed among the three habitat types, captured 9 115 individuals (18 species, 11 general. There were differences in species richness between habitats (F-2,F-9 = 29.88; P < 0.001), an in number of individuals (F-2,F-9 = 36.22; P < 0.001). Collecting sites differed within habitats. Cluster analyses show that species composition differs between habitats with and without tree cover. Open areas act as barriers for movements of forest species. Differences between habitats and collecting sites may reflect high environmental heterogeneity, land use history of the sites or the influence of nearby disturbance. Some of the species found in open fields come from lower elevations and are usually associated with intense human disturbance. The proportion of digging and rolling: species is similar in both primary and secondary forest, nocturnal species are more abundant; in open areas rolling species are absent and the number of diurnal species increases. We found no relationship between rainfall and species richness (r(2) = 0.26; P = 0.41), nor between rainfall and number of individuals collected throughout the year (r(2) = 0.07; P = 0.84). For all species the number of individuals collected decreased during dry season and during the onset of the rainy season.10aAphodiinae10aColombian Andes10aconsequences10adiversity and conservation10aDung beetles10afragmentation10aheterogeneity10aScarabaeinae10asoil-moisture10aspatial10asuccession gradient1 aS., Federico, Escobar1 ade Ulloa, P., C.  u<Go to ISI>://00016972090002000784nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146300001200215490000700227653002900234653002000263653001600283653001400299653001700313653001700330653002600347100002600373700002000399700002200419856012500441       2005                        eng d00aAltitudinal variation of dung beetle (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblages in the Colombian Andes0 aAltitudinal variation of dung beetle Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae a  a327-3370 v1410aAltitudinal distribution10aColombian Andes10acomposition10adiversity10aDung beetles10aScarabaeinae10aspecies co-occurrence1 aS., Federico, Escobar1 aLobo, Jorge, M.1 aHalffter, Gonzalo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/altitudinal-variation-dung-beetle-scarabaeidae-scarabaeinae-assemblages-colombian-andes00869nas a2200217   4500008004100000245016900041210006900210300001400279490000700293653002000300653001700320653001700337653002600354653002300380653002500403653001700428100002600445700002000471700002200491856013800513       2006                        eng d00aAssessing the origin of Neotropical mountain dung beetle assemblages (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): the comparative influence of vertical and horizontal colonization0 aAssessing the origin of Neotropical mountain dung beetle assembl  a1793-18030 v3310aColombian Andes10acolonization10aDung beetles10aelevational gradients10ahistorical factors10amountain assemblages10aScarabaeinae1 aS., Federico, Escobar1 aLobo, Jorge, M.1 aHalffter, Gonzalo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/assessing-origin-neotropical-mountain-dung-beetle-assemblages-scarabaeidae-scarabaeinae-comparative-01868nas a2200217   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001200229490000700241520109400248653001501342653001701357653001701374653002301391653001301414653001701427100002101444700002601465700002001491856013901511       2000                        eng d00aDung beetle geographic diversity variation along a Western Iberian latitudinal transect (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aDung beetle geographic diversity variation along a Western Iberi  a235-2430 v933 aTo explore the richness and geographic turnover of dung beetle assemblages (Scar- abaeinae and Aphodiinae) inhabiting the Western Iberian peninsula, a latitudinal northÐsouth transect was carried out in Portuguese territory. Estimators of alpha, beta, and gamma diversities were used, as well as the ratio Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae, which puts into evidence some dung beetle community spatial characteristics. Clustering methods were also used to ascertain relationships between biogeographical Portuguese regions and geographical patterns of species replacement. Although Scarabaeinae appears mainly responsible for overall and regional richness, Aphodiinae richness was rather low everywhere except for the southernmost plot of the transect investigated. The scarcity of Aphodiinae species is reßected in the Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae ratio, a score that is, however, clearly biased toward the Aphodiinae in almost all the Iberian Peninsula. For this reason the pairwise turnover in species composition between sites is mainly determined by the variation in Scarabaeinae species. Peaks of 10aAphodiinae10abiogeography10aDung beetles10afaunistic turnover10aPortugal10aScarabaeinae1 aHortal-Munoz, J.1 aMartin-Pierra, Fermin1 aLobo, Jorge, M.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetle-geographic-diversity-variation-along-western-iberian-latitudinal-transect-coleoptera-sc-002342nas a2200277   4500008004100000020002900041245013300070210006900203300000900272490000900281520140000290653002301690653002301713653001701736653001501753653001701768653001901785653001701804653001701821100001901838700001701857700001701874700001601891700001901907856013801926       2007                        eng d  a1175-5326 print1175-533400aBiodiversity, conservation, and hotspots atlas of Costa Rica: a dung beetle perspective (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)0 aBiodiversity conservation and hotspots atlas of Costa Rica a dun  a1-340 v14573 aThis paper is an analysis of the distribution of areas of high species richness and endemicity based on dung beetles living in the different Holdridge life-zones of Costa Rica by using a geographic information system (GIS).  Endemism was examined in relation to whether the species were shared with Nicaragua and/or Panama, or if they were strictly Costa Rican.  The species composition of dung beetle distributions in the sampling areas and life-zones was evaluated.  Species distribution was also analyzed in relation to altitudinal levels.  The species richness and endemicity maps served as a base for doing a gap analysis and defining four different levels of high priority conservation areas.  We also investigated what percentage of these priority areas is under some type of protection or conservation scheme and which of these areas should be enlarged.  Also considered is the feasibility that these areas under protection have for enlargement, considering possible problems and interactions with present land-use.  We include a list of all the recorded dung beetle species for Costa Rica, as well as their presence in the different Holdridge life-zones and their endemicity status.  This study clearly demonstrates the need to include insects in biodiversity-endemicity studies because different and more detailed results are obtained in relation to vertebrate and plant-based studies.10abiodiversity areas10aBiodiversity atlas10aconservation10aCosta Rica10aDung beetles10aendemism areas10agap analysis10aScarabaeinae1 aKohlmann, Bert1 aSolis, Angel1 aElle, Ortwin1 aSoto, Xinia1 aRusso, Ricardo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/biodiversity-conservation-and-hotspots-atlas-costa-rica-dung-beetle-perspective-coleoptera-scarabaei02328nas a2200229   4500008004100000245015900041210006900200300001200269490000700281520149400288653001701782653001701799653002201816653002101838653001201859653001701871653001701888653001601905100001501921700002401936856013801960       2005                        eng d00aAre ball-rolling (Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, Sisyphini) and tunnelling scarabaeine dung beetles equally choosy about the size of ingested dung particles?0 aAre ballrolling Scarabaeini Gymnopleurini Sisyphini and tunnelli  a700-7050 v303 a1. The maximum size of ingested particles was determined in 11 species of ball-rolling, adult dung beetle (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) by mixing small latex or glass balls of known diameter into their food. The tribes Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, and Sisyphini (four, four, and three species respec- tively) were represented, with mean body sizes ranging from 0.33 to 4.0 g fresh weight. 2. Only particles with maximum diameters of 4–85 mm were ingested. Hence rollers, like other known beetles feeding on fresh dung, filter out larger, indiges- tible plant fragments and confine ingestion to small particles of higher nutritional value. 3. The maximum diameter of ingested particles increased significantly with body weight, whereas taxon (tribe) had no additional effect. Because big rollers accept larger particles than do tunnellers (which make dung stores for feeding and breeding in the soil immediately below the pat) of similar weight, the slope of the diameter-against-weight regression for rollers was significantly higher than that found earlier for tunnellers. 4. An explanation could be that a typical food ball made by a roller is con- siderably smaller than the amount of dung available to a feeding tunneller of the same size. If the roller were as choosy about particle size as the tunneller, it might not get enough food. This applies to large rollers in particular because their food balls contain a higher proportion of coarse fibres than those made by small species. 10aBall-rollers10aDung beetles10afood exploitation10aparticle feeding10arollers10aScarabaeidae10aScarabaeinae10atelecoprids1 aHolter, P.1 aScholtz, Clarke, H.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/are-ball-rolling-scarabaeini-gymnopleurini-sisyphini-and-tunnelling-scarabaeine-dung-beetles-equally01723nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245010100055210006900156300000900225490000600234520098000240653001201220653001701232653001701249653002401266653001701290100001901307700002201326700002801348856012901376       2008                        eng d  a1991-465200aEscarabajos coprofagos (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) del Palmar de las Islas, Santa Cruz, Bolivia0 aEscarabajos coprofagos Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae del Palmar de l  a3-200 v43 aIn Palmar de las Islas (Bolivian Chaco) through fall traps we study the richness, abundance and diversity of the dung beetles in four sites with different perturbation level, mainly for the bovine livestock. In two carried out samplings, one in the dry season (September 2006) and another in the humid season (February 2007), we capture a total of 8033 individuals corresponding to 58 species, Canthon lituratus was the most abundant species in all the sites. The bigger than richness (46 species) and abundance (3391 individuals) it was obtained in the Not Intervened Forest, while in the other sites with perturbation the richness and abundance was smaller. The humid season is a decisive factor for the increment of the richness of species and the number of individuals (57 species and 7956 individuals vs 11 species and 77 individuals). The results show the sensibility of the group before different perturbation levels and the relationship with the conservation levels. 10aBolivia10aChaco Forest10aDung beetles10aPalmar de las Islas10aScarabaeinae1 aVidaurre, Tito1 aGonzales, Lucindo1 aLedezma, Maria, Julieta  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/escarabajos-coprofagos-scarabaeidae-scarabaeinae-del-palmar-de-las-islas-santa-cruz-bolivia01971nas a2200277   4500008004100000245005000041210005000091260000800141300001200149490000700161520125700168653002301425653001501448653001201463653002401475653001701499653001301516653001701529653001701546100001801563700001801581700001901599700002101618700002001639856003401659       1997                        eng d00aLaboratory culture of beneficial dung scarabs0 aLaboratory culture of beneficial dung scarabs  cFeb  a124-1290 v903 aCattle dung accumulation presents problems of pasture fouling, nutrient loss, intestinal parasitosis, and pest fly development. These problems have been confronted, with variable success, with the introduction of coprophagous scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). This work reports the results of field collections and laboratory culture of immature and adult dung scarabs. We compared several treatments of eggs and larvae in search of good methods for rearing scarabs in aseptic conditions. We collected 13 abundant species from northern and central Argentina. We obtained approximate to 4,500 eggs, some of which we sent to quarantine facilities in the United States, and others which we reared in our laboratory with 5 different techniques. Five common and widespread species, Ontherus sulcator (F.), Gromphas lacordairet Brulle, Dichotomius semiaeneus (Germar), Sulcophanaeus menelas (Castelnau), and Bolbites onitoides Harold, had the highest oviposition rates and were also the easiest to rear. Two methods, freeze-dried and gamma sterilized brood masses and balls, provided the best results (i.e., percentage of beetles completing development). As a rule, the species with short larval development time and wide distributions were easier to rear.10abeetles coleoptera10abroodballs10adiptera10adung beetle rearing10aDung beetles10amuscidae10aScarabaeidae10aScarabaeinae1 aWalsh, G., C.1 aCordo, H., A.1 aBriano, J., A.1 aGandolfo, D., E.1 aLogarzo, G., A.  u<Go to ISI>://A1997WH85900019