01829nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001800041245006500059210006100124260002700185300001200212520115200224100001801376700001901394700002501413700001601438700001901454700001801473700001301491700001901504856008801523       1997                        eng d  a0 412 74900 900aThe ecology and behaviour of arboreal dung beetles in Borneo0 aecology and behaviour of arboreal dung beetles in Borneo  aLondonbChapman & Hall  a417-4323 aDung beetles foraging in the rainforest canopy have been recorded on every sub- continent. Work at the Danum Valley Field Centre in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, revealed a guild of arboreal dung beetles found only metres above the forest floor up to the high forest canopy, and that feed on primate dung caught on canopy vegetation. The flight activity, spatial distribution and feeding ecology of this previously unrecorded guild of arboreal beetles is examined, and related to the ecology, behaviour and gut morphology of the primate species resident in the same forest. The dung-relocation behaviour of the Bornean dung beetles is atypical for the genus in which they are found, and breaks with the existing dichotomy ofdung beetle tribes into dung rollers and non-dung rollers. The implications of this discovery are discussed. This work gives a very real indication of how new light can be shed on the ecology of hopical insect communities by studying the strato-orientation of insects in response to conditions in the rainforest canopy, and the importance of canopy work in forming comprehensive descriptions of rainforest arthropod communities.1 aDavis, A., J.1 aHuijbregts, J.1 aKirk-Spriggs, A., H.1 aKrikken, J.1 aSutton, S., L.1 aStork, N., E.1 aAdis, J.1 aDidham, R., K.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/ecology-and-behaviour-arboreal-dung-beetles-borneo01347nas a2200181   4500008004100000245005700041210005600098260000800154300001200162490000700174520081900181653006001000100001901060700001601079700001801095700001801113856003401131       1996                        eng d00aInsects in fragmented forests: A functional approach0 aInsects in fragmented forests A functional approach  cJun  a255-2600 v113 aInsects are highly susceptible to the adverse effects of forest fragmentation. It is now beyond any doubt that fragmentation- induced changes in abundance and species richness occur in many insect groups. However, the study of insects in fragmented forests is still in its infancy and lacks real direction. Simple empirical studies are not answering the questions we most want to answer about fragmented systems. Are we in the midst of a mass-extinction crisis? What is the functional significance of the immense insect biodiversity? Does biodiversity loss affect ecosystem functioning? A more focused, functional approach to the study of forest fragmentation is required to move beyond the description of pattern and to determine how changes in insect communities affect ecosystem processes in fragmented forests.10aforest change biodiversity dung beetles forest function1 aDidham, R., K.1 aGhazoul, J.1 aStork, N., E.1 aDavis, A., J.  u<Go to ISI>://A1996UL7880001503512nas a2200193   4500008004100000245006200041210006200103260000800165300001200173490000700185520294500192653005403137100001903191700002003210700001903230700001703249700001803266856003403284       1998                        eng d00aBeetle species responses to tropical forest fragmentation0 aBeetle species responses to tropical forest fragmentation  cAug  a295-3230 v683 aThe effects of forest fragmentation on beetle species composition were investigated in an experimentally fragmented tropical forest landscape in Central Amazonia. Leaf-litter beetles were sampled at seven distances from the forest edge (0-420 m) along forest edge-to-interior transects in two 100-ha forest fragments and two continuous forest edges, and at an identical series of distances along two deep continuous forest transects. Additional samples were taken at the centers of two 10-ha forest fragments and two 1-ha fragments. This sampling regime allowed discrimination between edge and fragment area effects. Beetle species composition changed significantly and independently with both decreasing distance from forest edge and decreasing fragment area. Edge effects on species composition were mediated by six important environmental variables: air temperature, canopy height, percent ground cover of twigs, litter biomass, litter moisture content, and an air temperature X distance from edge interaction effect, due to the different temperature profiles of edges with differing edge vegetation density. Population densities of 15 of the 32 most abundant beetle species tested (47%) were significantly affected by forest fragmentation. Species responses were classified empirically into four major categories: (A) edge sensitive, area insensitive; (B) area sensitive, edge insensitive; (C) edge and area sensitive; and (D) edge and area insensitive. Within these categories, trends in density were either positive (deep-forest species), or negative (disturbed- area species), with species showing the full spectrum of responses to fragmentation. The vast majority of species were adversely affected. Estimated species loss rates from forest fragments were: 49.8% of common species from 1-ha fragments, 29.8% from 10-ha fragments, and 13.8% from 100-ha fragments. Declining density was a significant precursor of species loss from forest fragments, but other species that did not show significant population density responses to fragmentation were also absent from some fragments, presumably by chance. The probability of species loss from forest fragments was not correlated with body size or trophic group for the 32 common species, although for the entire beetle assemblage (993 species) proportions of species in different trophic groups changed significantly with fragmentation. Rarity and population variability (in undisturbed forest) were significant predictors of susceptibility to fragmentation. Surprisingly, though, common species were significantly more likely to become locally extinct in small fragments than rarer species. This lends empirical support to models of multispecies coexistence under disturbance that suggest competitively dominant but poorly dispersing species are the first to become extinct due to habitat destruction. Thus, rarer species are predicted to be better dispersers and better at persisting.10aforest change biodiversity dung beetles corridors1 aDidham, R., K.1 aHammond, P., M.1 aLawton, J., H.1 aEggleton, P.1 aStork, N., E.  u<Go to ISI>://000075196100001