02926nas a2200241   4500008004100000245017800041210006900219300001200288490000700300520192700307653001402234653001602248653003902264653004202303653002802345653002602373653005002399653003802449653001802487653001602505100002502521856013802546       1993                        eng d00aBiogeographical groups in a southern African, winter rainfall, dung beetle assemblage (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) - consequences of climatic history and habitat fragmentation0 aBiogeographical groups in a southern African winter rainfall dun  a306-3270 v313 aA study was made of the effects of climate and habitat fragmentation on the biogeographical composition of the dung beetle fauna (Scarabaeinae, Coprinae) in the southwestern Cape, winter rainfall region of South Africa. The fauna was studied at eleven sites and 45 species were recorded. Three geographical species groups (1, 2, 3) were defined for 38 of the species using multivariate techniques. The other seven species have dissimilar widespread distributions and are treated as a fourth group (4). Two groups (1, 3) comprising 31 and three species, respectively, are either endemic or largely restricted to the winter and bimodal rainfall regions of southern Africa. They show extreme numerical dominance in indigenous shrubland but are also well-represented in pasture. Groups 1 and 3 comprise primarily day-flying taxa with an overall peak in abundance during the moist spring. These endemic groups are probably associated with the inception of winter rainfall climate during the Pliocene +- 3 million years before present. The other two groups (2, 4) have a distribution extending into the adjacent summer rainfall region. In the southwestern Cape, they are found predominantly in recently-created pastures. They include equal numbers of day and dusk/night-flying species with peaks in abundance mainly during the dry summer. Most species of these two groups are taxonomically distant from endemic taxa. Frequency of Group 2 relative to climate was greatest in the westerly summer rainfall region one whereas that of Group 4 was greatest in the south-easterly bimodal rainfall region. As most members of Groups 2 and 4 show limited penetration into indigenous shrubland, the findings suggest that these summer-active groups dispersed from the summer rainfall into the winter rainfall region via western and eastern coastal corridors in response to the thinning or clearance of the formerly ubiquitous native shrubs.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aBiogeography- (Population-Studies)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera- (Coleoptera10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aPhysiology-1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/biogeographical-groups-southern-african-winter-rainfall-dung-beetle-assemblage-coleoptera-scarabaeid02740nas a2200265   4500008004100000245014900041210006900190300001200259490000700271520174000278653001402018653003002032653001602062653001402078653003902092653004202131653002602173653003802199653003002237653001002267653001802277653001602295100002502311856013802336       1994                        eng d00aHabitat fragmentation in southern Africa and distributional response patterns in five specialist or generalist dung beetle families (Coleoptera)0 aHabitat fragmentation in southern Africa and distributional resp  a192-2070 v323 aEffects of habitat fragmentation on spatial distribution patterns of dung beetles were studied in the southwestern Cape in the winter rainfall region of South Africa, where indigenous shrubland has been extensively replaced with crops and pastures. The six most abundant higher taxa of dung beetles showed a range from higher to low discrimination in response to spatial variables based on the results for principal components analysis (PCA) (Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Histeridae, Staphylinidae: predatory subfamilies, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae). Vegetation type was the principal determinant of spatial distribution whereas annual temperature and rainfall were of much lesser importance. Across the taxonomic sequence from higher to low spatial discrimination, there was a trend from higher to lower proportions of indigenous shrubland specialists. This taxonomic sequence to decreasing spatial discrimination was also related to increasing percentage taxonomic similarity between species assemblages of the higher taxa in the southwestern Cape and those in the distant Transvaal, summer rainfall region PCA (variance) reflected this relationship between local and subcontinental scales of spatial distribution better than a generalization/specialization index (niche width). Species which were widespread on a subcontinental scale (n=25), showed greater pasture associations in the southwestern Cape than in the Transvaal. These trends in spatial distribution patterns indicate that, in response to habitat fragmentation, there has been proportionally greater, recent recruitment of species into southwestern Cape assemblages from spatially less discriminating higher taxa than from spatially more discriminating taxa.10aAnimalia-10aAphodiidae- (Coleoptera-)10aArthropoda-10aBehavior-10aBiogeography- (Population-Studies)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aHisteridae- (Coleoptera-)10aHydro10aInvertebrata-10aPhysiology-1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/habitat-fragmentation-southern-africa-and-distributional-response-patterns-five-specialist-or-genera02432nas a2200253   4500008004100000245011800041210006900159300001200228490000700240520147800247653001401725653001601739653004201755653003001797653002601827653005001853653003801903653001801941653000601959653001601965653003401981100002502015856013802040       1995                        eng d00aDaily weather variation and temporal dynamics in an Afrotropical dung beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aDaily weather variation and temporal dynamics in an Afrotropical  a641-6560 v163 aThe influence of weather on dung beetle community dynamics was studied in grassland, open woodland and thickets in Gauteng Province, South Africa. To avoid seasonal effects, sampling was restricted to 18 days during November and December. An examination was made both of dung beetle responses to physical variables and of daily changes in their community structure between habitat patches (dung-baited traps). Recruitment of general adults showed a weaker response to physical variables (rainfall, soil hardness, radiant heat, sub-surface soil temperature) than activity of mature adults which was most frequently correlated to rainfall. There was a range in species responses to rainfall from much higher proportional abundance on moist days to somewhat greater abundance on drier days. Such variable responses led to daily changes in the proportional abundance of moist-adapted and dry-tolerant species groups. Daily changes from low to high species richness were also associated with increased rainfall. These changes led to increased diversity and greater functional complexity of the numerically dominant species component. Abundance of most numerically dominant species increased from low to high species richness. Their rank position either increased, decreased or remained similar. It is concluded that during the summer rainy season, incidence of rainfall is an important determinant of temporal dynamics in dung beetle community structure between habitat patches.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera- (Coleoptera-)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aP10aPhysiology-10aPlantae-Unspecified: Plantae-1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/daily-weather-variation-and-temporal-dynamics-afrotropical-dung-beetle-community-coleoptera-scarabae02675nas a2200229   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001200229490000700241520172700248653003901975653004202014653005002056653003802106653002402144653004302168653001602211653002902227100002502256700002602281856013802307       1993                        eng d00aClimatic and biogeographical associations of Kenyan and northern Tanzanian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aClimatic and biogeographical associations of Kenyan and northern  a290-3050 v313 aThe equatorial East African highlands were uplifted in the Pliocene, and together with the associated arid lowlands, they delimit several endemic climatic regions. They also form the eastern and northern limits, respectively, of climate types extending westwards across Central and West Africa and southwards into Southern Africa. This climatic convergence made East Africa an ideal area to survey for dung beetles (Scarabaeinae, Copinae) useful as control agents of dung-breeding flies in Australia where a similar range fox climatic regions occurs. Similarities in climatic range between the 104 species showing the broadest frequency distributions were determined using cluster analysis and depicted on a dendrogram. Three groups were defined at the 25% level of similarity. One group comprised a single montane species endemic to East Africa. A second group (41 spp.) was numerically dominated by East Africa endemics and associated with endemic East African lowland and Southern African climate types. The third group (62 spp.) was primarily associated with upland climate types. Three upland subgroups, defined at the 43% level of similarity, were dominated by East African endemics and were associated both with endemic East African highland and more broad-based climate types. A fourth subgroup was dominated by climate generalists showing widespread tropical and temperate biogeographical associations. Overall, the most common distribution patterns were East African endemism, range restricted to East and Southern Africa, and pan-African distribution. On the criterion of widespread distribution, about a third of the East African fauna was especially suitable for introduction into Austrailian for fly control.10aBiogeography- (Population-Studies)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aEconomic-Entomology10aPest-Assessment-Control-and-Management10aPhysiology-10aSystematics-and-Taxonomy1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.1 aDewhurst, Charles, F.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/climatic-and-biogeographical-associations-kenyan-and-northern-tanzanian-dung-beetles-coleoptera-scar03585nas a2200265   4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300001200208490000700220520263300227653001402860653001602874653004102890653004202931653002602973653000802999653003403007653003703041653003803078653001803116653001603134100002103150700002303171856012503194       1994                        eng d00aSpatial and temporal co-occurrence of competitors in Southern African dung beetle communities0 aSpatial and temporal cooccurrence of competitors in Southern Afr  a629-6430 v633 a1. Co-occurrence of 11 species of crepuscular-nocturnal medium-sized tunnelling dung beetles from two core functional groups that vary in their rate of dung burial was examined at a range of spatial and temporal scales to identify the likely extent to which competition for dung might affect the structure of beetle communities of subtropical pasture. 2. At the largest scale, clear seasonal co-occurrence and similar habitat preferences (soil type and vegetation associations) were found amongst the species. 3. Medium- and fine-scale distributions of the species were investigated across nine blocks of dung-baited traps dispersed over a 400 ha tract of open cattle pasture, on deep sandy soil in Natal, South Africa. Traps were baited overnight and cleared in the morning in two series of three successive days. 4. There was marked variation in mean numbers caught within and between each 3-day trapping period, and also between blocks in the total number of beetles (pooled over species) or individual species caught per block. The spatial relationship for total beetles between blocks persisted for several days, but not several weeks. 5. Significant intraspecific aggregation was apparent for all species at the medium spatial scale amongst individual pads and between blocks over the 400 ha, but at the finest spatial scale (within blocks) most species were randomly distributed on most occasions, irrespective of the abundance of the species. The actual level of aggregation was thus found to increase at higher spatial scales. 6. Pairwise species comparisons showed little or no positive association on the majority of occasions and negative pairwise associations were exceedingly rare. Positive association between the two functional groups was stronger, however, and positive species association at the community-wide level was evident on most occasions. 7. There was thus some evidence of independent spatial aggregation patterns amongst individual species on a medium spatial scale (400 ha), but not on a fine scale (100 m-2). Intraspecific/functional group aggregation tended to be greater than interspecific/functional group aggregation at all scales of analysis. Despite this, beetle densities in a considerable proportion of pads in the field would indicate, based on previous experimental evidence, that significant levels of inter- and intraspecific/functional group competition for dung is likely to occur. Thus, the aggregative behaviour of species documented here is not predicted to significantly diminish the level of interspecific competition within and between the two functional groups in this system.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aCatharsius-tricornutus (Coleoptera-)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aCop10aCopris-elphenor (Coleoptera-)10aCopris-fallaciosus (Coleoptera-)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aPhysiology-1 aGiller, Paul, S.1 aDoube, Bernard, M.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/spatial-and-temporal-co-occurrence-competitors-southern-african-dung-beetle-communities02282nas a2200265   4500008004100000245013600041210006900177300001000246490000700256520130500263653001401568653001601582653001401598653004201612653002601654653005001680653003801730653002901768653001401797653001801811653001601829653001601845100001701861856013801878       1992                        eng d00aDung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) active in patchy forest and pasture habitats in Santa Cruz Province, Bolivia, during spring0 aDung beetles Coleoptera Scarabaeidae active in patchy forest and  a45-540 v843 aThe abundance, habitat preferences and flight periods of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in spring was obtained by using cattle dung baited pitfall traps at 4 sites in patchy forest and pasture habitats in Santa Cruz Province, Bolivia. Nine species were trapped in the forest habitat and 4 in the pasture habitat. One species, Onthophagus ptox was trapped in forest and pasture habitats, the other species were stenotopic, found only in forest or only in pasture. Twice as many beetles were attracted to the forest traps but their mean dry weight (biomass/beetle) was 3 times less than the mean dry weight of pasture species. The most important beetles (in terms of biomass) in the forest, Eurysternus caribeus and Ontherus appendiculatus were similar in size and had the same flight periods but their dung utilization methods were different. The most important beetles in the pasture habitat had different flight activities, Gromphas aeruginosa flying during the day and Ontherus sulcator during the night. When forest is cleared, stenotopic forest dung beetles will disappear resulting in reduced species richness. The effect of reduced dung beetle activity in patchy forest could impact on soil structure fertility and water retention making it difficult for reestablishment of the forest.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aBehavior-10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aEurysternus-caribaeus (C10aForestry-10aInvertebrata-10aMetabolism-10aPhysiology-1 aKirk, A., A.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetles-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-active-patchy-forest-and-pasture-habitats-santa-cruz-province-b02498nas a2200277   4500008004100000245016200041210006900203300001200272490000600284520145200290653000601742653001401748653001301762653001601775653001401791653004201805653002601847653005301873653003801926653001801964653003701982653001602019100002002035700002702055856013802082       1994                        eng d00aLocal distribution and coexistence of Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) and Onthophagus batesi Howden and Cartwright 1963 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aLocal distribution and coexistence of Digitonthophagus gazella F  a117-1270 v83 aWith data coming from two Mexican Neotropical localities, an analysis of the main niche dimensions of two potential competitors was carried out: an introduced Indoafrican species (D. gazella) and a native one (O. batesi). Both species show similar daily activity. They coexist in grasslands bordering on tropical forest opened for cattle activity. Results show spatial segregation at local level: both species inhabit open areas but O. batesi less so. This latter species also inhabits the forest, mainly at the edge zones. The possible causes of this spatial segregation along the environmental gradient could be related with a different detection capacity of the two species. Since their flying activity occurs at dusk and dawn, we suggest that the detection of humidity has an important role in the observed segregation. We propose that the adults colonize dung pats located in places with suitable environmental conditions that secure progeny survivorship. However. the possibility of competition between these species, cannot be ruled out. From a historic-evolutive perspective the coexistence of both species is recent. It is necessary to determine the spatial behavior of either species where the other one is missing. What happens with possible interactions in overlapping zones (edge-grassland) and studies about immigration-emigration rates from dung pats in these zones, where the two species coexist, are questions for future research.10aa10aAnimalia-10aAnimals-10aArthropoda-10aBehavior-10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigitonthophagus-gazella (Organisms-Unspecified)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aOnthophagus-batesi (Coleoptera-)10aPhysiology-1 aLobo, Jorge, M.1 aMontes, De, Oca Enriqu  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/local-distribution-and-coexistence-digitonthophagus-gazella-fabricius-1787-and-onthophagus-batesi-ho01821nas a2200265   4500008004100000245006100041210006100102300001200163490000700175520097600182653001001158653001401168653003101182653001601213653004201229653002601271653001701297653005001314653003801364653001801402653001501420653001601435100001901451856008501470       1995                        eng d00aTesting for seasonal displacement in a dung beetle guild0 aTesting for seasonal displacement in a dung beetle guild  a173-1770 v183 aThe temporal overlap between seasonal distribution of adults of 14 congeneric dung beetle species (Aphodius spp.) was determined during one year, based on 11122 captures. The mean seasonal distribution of adults (mean of the sampling dates weighted by the abundance value) was analyzed to elucidate deviations from randomness. In addition, the effect of the shape of seasonal distribution of adults was investigated. In both analyses randomization methods were used. A clear trend exists maximizing the temporal displacement between middle points of chronologically consecutive species: newly emerging species appear every 26 +- 16 days. This trend minimizes the number of species pairs with no or very little temporal overlap. In contrast, the mean temporal overlap of the whole guild seems unaffected, with some species pairs showing a large temporal overlap. Whether the observed pattern can be attributed to interspecific competition must be addressed experimentally.10aanima10aAnimalia-10aAphodius-sp. (Coleoptera-)10aArthropoda-10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDevelopment-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aNutrition-10aPhysiology-1 aPalmer, Miquel  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/testing-seasonal-displacement-dung-beetle-guild02941nas a2200289   4500008004100000245011200041210006900153300001200222490000700234520197600241653001402217653001602231653002802247653001402275653004202289653002602331653001502357653003802372653001802410653001402428653001602442653001502458653001602473653001602489100002002505856012602525       1995                        eng d00aSelection of the spatial habitat of Coprophagous beetles in the Kaiserstuhl area near Freiburg (SE-Germany)0 aSelection of the spatial habitat of Coprophagous beetles in the   a461-4780 v163 a1. In an all-year-round survey of coprophagous beetles in a pasture in the Kaiserstuhl area (SW-Germany), cow-pats and sheep lumps were gathered from two field areas and one wooded area twice a month. 40,298 beetles belonging to 40 species of Scarabaeoidea and 14 of Hydrophilidae were detected. The small site on the Kaiserstuhl has the highest species diversity of Scarabaeoidea species among all local dung beetle coenoses described in Europe thus far. 2. In all seasons of the year, population density and biomass of dung beetles were higher on the open pastures than in the wooded pasture. Only in summer and on the coldest days of winter, values of both macrohabitats were approximately the same, which might be due to the mediated climate of wooded habitats in those seasons. 3. 11 out of 29 abundant species showed a clear preference for open macrohabitats, while only four preferred the wooded macrohabitat. All other species were eurytopic. Faunistic similarity was low among all three macrohabitats and did not show closer relationships between the two open pastures than between both of them and the wooded pasture. 4. Sheep lumps were more densely populated than cow-pats, whereas the latter contained a higher biomass in dung beetles. The cow-pat community was higher in species number as well as in diversity. Faunistic similarity between both dung beetle communities was minimal. 5. 13 out of 32 abundant dung beetle species preferred each dung type. Mean size of Scarabaeoidea dung beetles preferring sheep lumps was significantly lower than of those preferring cow-pats. Regardless their size difference, all but one Hydrophilidae species showed a pronounced preference for cow-pats. 6. Selection of the spatial habitats played a minor role in compartmentation of the total niche space of the dung beetle community as compared to temporal niche dimensions such as seasonality. As in the case of seasonality, Aphodius was best separated within the genus.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aBovidae-: Artiodactyla-10aChordata-10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10acow- (Bovi10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aMammalia-10aMetabolism-10aNutrition-10aPhysiology-10aVertebrata-1 aWassmer, Thomas  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/selection-spatial-habitat-coprophagous-beetles-kaiserstuhl-area-near-freiburg-se-germany