02740nas a2200265   4500008004100000245014900041210006900190300001200259490000700271520174000278653001402018653003002032653001602062653001402078653003902092653004202131653002602173653003802199653003002237653001002267653001802277653001602295100002502311856013802336       1994                        eng d00aHabitat fragmentation in southern Africa and distributional response patterns in five specialist or generalist dung beetle families (Coleoptera)0 aHabitat fragmentation in southern Africa and distributional resp  a192-2070 v323 aEffects of habitat fragmentation on spatial distribution patterns of dung beetles were studied in the southwestern Cape in the winter rainfall region of South Africa, where indigenous shrubland has been extensively replaced with crops and pastures. The six most abundant higher taxa of dung beetles showed a range from higher to low discrimination in response to spatial variables based on the results for principal components analysis (PCA) (Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Histeridae, Staphylinidae: predatory subfamilies, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae). Vegetation type was the principal determinant of spatial distribution whereas annual temperature and rainfall were of much lesser importance. Across the taxonomic sequence from higher to low spatial discrimination, there was a trend from higher to lower proportions of indigenous shrubland specialists. This taxonomic sequence to decreasing spatial discrimination was also related to increasing percentage taxonomic similarity between species assemblages of the higher taxa in the southwestern Cape and those in the distant Transvaal, summer rainfall region PCA (variance) reflected this relationship between local and subcontinental scales of spatial distribution better than a generalization/specialization index (niche width). Species which were widespread on a subcontinental scale (n=25), showed greater pasture associations in the southwestern Cape than in the Transvaal. These trends in spatial distribution patterns indicate that, in response to habitat fragmentation, there has been proportionally greater, recent recruitment of species into southwestern Cape assemblages from spatially less discriminating higher taxa than from spatially more discriminating taxa.10aAnimalia-10aAphodiidae- (Coleoptera-)10aArthropoda-10aBehavior-10aBiogeography- (Population-Studies)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aHisteridae- (Coleoptera-)10aHydro10aInvertebrata-10aPhysiology-1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/habitat-fragmentation-southern-africa-and-distributional-response-patterns-five-specialist-or-genera03585nas a2200265   4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300001200208490000700220520263300227653001402860653001602874653004102890653004202931653002602973653000802999653003403007653003703041653003803078653001803116653001603134100002103150700002303171856012503194       1994                        eng d00aSpatial and temporal co-occurrence of competitors in Southern African dung beetle communities0 aSpatial and temporal cooccurrence of competitors in Southern Afr  a629-6430 v633 a1. Co-occurrence of 11 species of crepuscular-nocturnal medium-sized tunnelling dung beetles from two core functional groups that vary in their rate of dung burial was examined at a range of spatial and temporal scales to identify the likely extent to which competition for dung might affect the structure of beetle communities of subtropical pasture. 2. At the largest scale, clear seasonal co-occurrence and similar habitat preferences (soil type and vegetation associations) were found amongst the species. 3. Medium- and fine-scale distributions of the species were investigated across nine blocks of dung-baited traps dispersed over a 400 ha tract of open cattle pasture, on deep sandy soil in Natal, South Africa. Traps were baited overnight and cleared in the morning in two series of three successive days. 4. There was marked variation in mean numbers caught within and between each 3-day trapping period, and also between blocks in the total number of beetles (pooled over species) or individual species caught per block. The spatial relationship for total beetles between blocks persisted for several days, but not several weeks. 5. Significant intraspecific aggregation was apparent for all species at the medium spatial scale amongst individual pads and between blocks over the 400 ha, but at the finest spatial scale (within blocks) most species were randomly distributed on most occasions, irrespective of the abundance of the species. The actual level of aggregation was thus found to increase at higher spatial scales. 6. Pairwise species comparisons showed little or no positive association on the majority of occasions and negative pairwise associations were exceedingly rare. Positive association between the two functional groups was stronger, however, and positive species association at the community-wide level was evident on most occasions. 7. There was thus some evidence of independent spatial aggregation patterns amongst individual species on a medium spatial scale (400 ha), but not on a fine scale (100 m-2). Intraspecific/functional group aggregation tended to be greater than interspecific/functional group aggregation at all scales of analysis. Despite this, beetle densities in a considerable proportion of pads in the field would indicate, based on previous experimental evidence, that significant levels of inter- and intraspecific/functional group competition for dung is likely to occur. Thus, the aggregative behaviour of species documented here is not predicted to significantly diminish the level of interspecific competition within and between the two functional groups in this system.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aCatharsius-tricornutus (Coleoptera-)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aCop10aCopris-elphenor (Coleoptera-)10aCopris-fallaciosus (Coleoptera-)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aPhysiology-1 aGiller, Paul, S.1 aDoube, Bernard, M.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/spatial-and-temporal-co-occurrence-competitors-southern-african-dung-beetle-communities02498nas a2200277   4500008004100000245016200041210006900203300001200272490000600284520145200290653000601742653001401748653001301762653001601775653001401791653004201805653002601847653005301873653003801926653001801964653003701982653001602019100002002035700002702055856013802082       1994                        eng d00aLocal distribution and coexistence of Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) and Onthophagus batesi Howden and Cartwright 1963 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aLocal distribution and coexistence of Digitonthophagus gazella F  a117-1270 v83 aWith data coming from two Mexican Neotropical localities, an analysis of the main niche dimensions of two potential competitors was carried out: an introduced Indoafrican species (D. gazella) and a native one (O. batesi). Both species show similar daily activity. They coexist in grasslands bordering on tropical forest opened for cattle activity. Results show spatial segregation at local level: both species inhabit open areas but O. batesi less so. This latter species also inhabits the forest, mainly at the edge zones. The possible causes of this spatial segregation along the environmental gradient could be related with a different detection capacity of the two species. Since their flying activity occurs at dusk and dawn, we suggest that the detection of humidity has an important role in the observed segregation. We propose that the adults colonize dung pats located in places with suitable environmental conditions that secure progeny survivorship. However. the possibility of competition between these species, cannot be ruled out. From a historic-evolutive perspective the coexistence of both species is recent. It is necessary to determine the spatial behavior of either species where the other one is missing. What happens with possible interactions in overlapping zones (edge-grassland) and studies about immigration-emigration rates from dung pats in these zones, where the two species coexist, are questions for future research.10aa10aAnimalia-10aAnimals-10aArthropoda-10aBehavior-10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigitonthophagus-gazella (Organisms-Unspecified)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aOnthophagus-batesi (Coleoptera-)10aPhysiology-1 aLobo, Jorge, M.1 aMontes, De, Oca Enriqu  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/local-distribution-and-coexistence-digitonthophagus-gazella-fabricius-1787-and-onthophagus-batesi-ho01692nas a2200301   4500008004100000245014000041210006900181300000900250490000600259520063300265653004500898653004700943653001400990653001301004653001401017653001601031653002601047653001701073653003801090653001801128653001501146653001601161653001701177100001901194700001801213700002101231856013801252       1994                        eng d00aHabitat specificity in African dung beetles: The effect of soil type on the survival of dung beetle immatures (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae)0 aHabitat specificity in African dung beetles The effect of soil t  a1-100 v73 aThe immature stages of two dung beetle species Allgymnopleurus thalassinus Klug 1855 and Allogymnopleurus consocius Peringuey 1900 were reared in the laboratory in three textural classes of soil under different conditions of soil moisture in order to determine whether differential mortality in different soil types could help explain the strong associations between soil type and beetle abundance in the field. Larvae survived well in dry and moist soil treatments, regardless of soil type, but poorly in wet soil treatments. The effect of soil moisture on the distribution of both species in different soil types is discussed.10aAllogymnopleurus-consocius (Coleoptera-)10aAllogymnopleurus-thalassinus (Coleoptera-)10aAnimalia-10aAnimals-10aarthropod10aArthropoda-10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDevelopment-10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aPathology-10aPhysiology-10aSoil-Science1 aOsberg, D., C.1 aDoube, B., M.1 aHanrahan, S., A.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/habitat-specificity-african-dung-beetles-effect-soil-type-survival-dung-beetle-immatures-coleoptera-01887nas a2200301   4500008004100000245015100041210006900192300001000261490000600271520084300277653001401120653001301134653001601147653001601163653001401179653002601193653001701219653003801236653001401274653000701288653001801295653001601313653003701329653001601366653004001382100002501422856013801447       1994                        eng d00aThe influence of horn and body size on the reproductive behavior of the horned rainbow scarab beetle Phanaeus difformis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 ainfluence of horn and body size on the reproductive behavior of   a67-820 v73 aThe reproductive behavior of horned rainbow scarab beetles, Phanaeus difformis, was studied to determine the influence of morphological traits on intersexual and intrasexual interactions. Phanaeus difformis is a sexually dimorphic dung beetle in which males possess much larger horns than females, and males can be grouped into "major" and "minor" male morph categories based on horn size. Male-female pairs cooperated in nest construction and provisioning. In the laboratory, males of both morphs assisted females and were equally successful at copulating. However, in the field larger individuals had a pairing advantage due to greater success in intrasexual competition. Some males used an alternative mating tactic which involved sneaking copulations with paired females. In most cases the sneak male was smaller than the paired male.10aAnimalia-10aAnimals-10aArthropoda-10aArthropods-10aBehavior-10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDevelopment-10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aGenetics-10ain10aInvertebrata-10amorphology-10aPhanaeus-difformis (Coleoptera-)10aPhysiology-10aReproductive-System (Reproduction-)1 aRasmussen, Janet, L.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/influence-horn-and-body-size-reproductive-behavior-horned-rainbow-scarab-beetle-phanaeus-difformis-c