02926nas a2200241   4500008004100000245017800041210006900219300001200288490000700300520192700307653001402234653001602248653003902264653004202303653002802345653002602373653005002399653003802449653001802487653001602505100002502521856013802546       1993                        eng d00aBiogeographical groups in a southern African, winter rainfall, dung beetle assemblage (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) - consequences of climatic history and habitat fragmentation0 aBiogeographical groups in a southern African winter rainfall dun  a306-3270 v313 aA study was made of the effects of climate and habitat fragmentation on the biogeographical composition of the dung beetle fauna (Scarabaeinae, Coprinae) in the southwestern Cape, winter rainfall region of South Africa. The fauna was studied at eleven sites and 45 species were recorded. Three geographical species groups (1, 2, 3) were defined for 38 of the species using multivariate techniques. The other seven species have dissimilar widespread distributions and are treated as a fourth group (4). Two groups (1, 3) comprising 31 and three species, respectively, are either endemic or largely restricted to the winter and bimodal rainfall regions of southern Africa. They show extreme numerical dominance in indigenous shrubland but are also well-represented in pasture. Groups 1 and 3 comprise primarily day-flying taxa with an overall peak in abundance during the moist spring. These endemic groups are probably associated with the inception of winter rainfall climate during the Pliocene +- 3 million years before present. The other two groups (2, 4) have a distribution extending into the adjacent summer rainfall region. In the southwestern Cape, they are found predominantly in recently-created pastures. They include equal numbers of day and dusk/night-flying species with peaks in abundance mainly during the dry summer. Most species of these two groups are taxonomically distant from endemic taxa. Frequency of Group 2 relative to climate was greatest in the westerly summer rainfall region one whereas that of Group 4 was greatest in the south-easterly bimodal rainfall region. As most members of Groups 2 and 4 show limited penetration into indigenous shrubland, the findings suggest that these summer-active groups dispersed from the summer rainfall into the winter rainfall region via western and eastern coastal corridors in response to the thinning or clearance of the formerly ubiquitous native shrubs.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aBiogeography- (Population-Studies)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera- (Coleoptera10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aPhysiology-1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/biogeographical-groups-southern-african-winter-rainfall-dung-beetle-assemblage-coleoptera-scarabaeid02675nas a2200229   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001200229490000700241520172700248653003901975653004202014653005002056653003802106653002402144653004302168653001602211653002902227100002502256700002602281856013802307       1993                        eng d00aClimatic and biogeographical associations of Kenyan and northern Tanzanian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aClimatic and biogeographical associations of Kenyan and northern  a290-3050 v313 aThe equatorial East African highlands were uplifted in the Pliocene, and together with the associated arid lowlands, they delimit several endemic climatic regions. They also form the eastern and northern limits, respectively, of climate types extending westwards across Central and West Africa and southwards into Southern Africa. This climatic convergence made East Africa an ideal area to survey for dung beetles (Scarabaeinae, Copinae) useful as control agents of dung-breeding flies in Australia where a similar range fox climatic regions occurs. Similarities in climatic range between the 104 species showing the broadest frequency distributions were determined using cluster analysis and depicted on a dendrogram. Three groups were defined at the 25% level of similarity. One group comprised a single montane species endemic to East Africa. A second group (41 spp.) was numerically dominated by East Africa endemics and associated with endemic East African lowland and Southern African climate types. The third group (62 spp.) was primarily associated with upland climate types. Three upland subgroups, defined at the 43% level of similarity, were dominated by East African endemics and were associated both with endemic East African highland and more broad-based climate types. A fourth subgroup was dominated by climate generalists showing widespread tropical and temperate biogeographical associations. Overall, the most common distribution patterns were East African endemism, range restricted to East and Southern Africa, and pan-African distribution. On the criterion of widespread distribution, about a third of the East African fauna was especially suitable for introduction into Austrailian for fly control.10aBiogeography- (Population-Studies)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aEconomic-Entomology10aPest-Assessment-Control-and-Management10aPhysiology-10aSystematics-and-Taxonomy1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.1 aDewhurst, Charles, F.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/climatic-and-biogeographical-associations-kenyan-and-northern-tanzanian-dung-beetles-coleoptera-scar