01055nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260000800221300001000229490000700239520055500246653001700801100001900818700002600837856003400863       2003                        eng d00aFinding a rare resource: Bornean Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) attracted by defensive secretions of Diplopoda0 aFinding a rare resource Bornean Scarabaeoidea Coleoptera attract  cMar  a51-550 v573 aScarab beetles of four species, Onthophagus penicillatus Harold, O. rudis Sharp, Phaeochridius derasus (Harold) and Phaeochroops gilleti (Benderitter) (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae and Hybosoridae) were attracted by quinonous defensive secretions of Harpagophoridae (Diplopoda) in Sabah, Borneo. Unlike the Afrotropics, where some specialists feed on fresh millipede carcasses, in Borneo only generalist necrophages use this resource. This may be caused by the low abundance of juliform Diplopoda in Borneo prohibiting specialization on this resource.10aScarabaeidae1 aBruhl, Carsten1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten  u<Go to ISI>://00018238270000800524nas a2200109   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162300001200231490000700243100002600250856013800276       1999                        eng d00aDung beetles unharmed by army ants in tropical Africa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Hymanoptera: Formicidae, Dorylinae)0 aDung beetles unharmed by army ants in tropical Africa Coleoptera  a325-3280 v531 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetles-unharmed-army-ants-tropical-africa-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-hymanoptera-formicidae-doryl02199nas a2200121   4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001200195490000700207520172900214100002601943856010801969       2000                        eng d00aThe fossil record of Mesozoic and Tertiary Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)0 afossil record of Mesozoic and Tertiary Scarabaeoidea Coleoptera   a871-9050 v143 aLack of characters, similarity of stem species of adelphotaxa and the necessity to know the extant world fauna of the studied group of fossils are the main difficulties in palaeontology of beetles. The paucity of characters of most of the fossils of supposed Scarabaeoidea prevents their inclusion in a reliable phylogenetic analysis. Only rarely can an autapomorphy of Scarabaeoidea be seen in a fossil classified as a member of this group. Therefore, the classification of Mesozoic and Tertiary fossils is often tentative. Based on a critical literature review of all recorded fossil Scarabaeoidea from the Mesozoic and Tertiary, the minimum age for families and/or subfamilies of this group is determined. An annotated catalogue of named fossils and ichnofossils of Scarabaeoidea and of their lagerstätten is given. 238 fossil species and subspecies of this group have been described, of which 27 are doubtful, eight already identified as belonging to other taxa, and two subspecies synonymised with extant taxa. 189 species and 12 ichnospecies probably or reliably belong to the Scarabaeoidea. Nomenclatural acts: Hongscarabaeus, nom. nov. for ProscarabaeusHong, 1982 (nec Schrank, 1781); Onthophagus urusheeri, nom. nov. for Onthophagus urusHeer, 1847 (nec Ménétries, 1832); Aphodius anteactus, nom. nov. for Aphodius antiquus Heer, 1847 (nec Faldermann, 1835); Aphodius theobaldi, nom. nov. for Aphodius incertusThéobald, 1937 (nec Ballion, 1878); Anomala palaeobrunnea, nom. nov. for Anomala brunnea(Hong, 1985) (nec Klug, 1855); Eophyllocerus scrobiculatus Haupt, 1950 is designated as the type species of Eophyllocerus Haupt, 1950; CangabolaLengerken, 1955 is a junior synonym of CoprinisphaeraSauer, 1955. 1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/fossil-record-mesozoic-and-tertiary-scarabaeoidea-coleoptera-polyphaga00494nas a2200109   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260003900201300000700240100002600247856011100273       2004                        eng d00aCatalogue of fossil Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) of the Mesozoic and Tertiary0 aCatalogue of fossil Scarabaeoidea Coleoptera Polyphaga of the Me  aLondonbThe Natural History Museum  a611 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/catalogue-fossil-scarabaeoidea-coleoptera-polyphaga-mesozoic-and-tertiary01580nas a2200121   4500008004100000245007300041210006900114300001200183490000600195520113100201100002601332856010001358       2006                        eng d00aFossil record and evolution of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)0 aFossil record and evolution of Scarabaeoidea Coleoptera Polyphag  a120-1430 v53 aThe fossil record of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) is reviewed and its relevance for the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the taxon is explored. After a discussion of the different kinds of preservation of scarab fossils, including preservation of color, the richest scarab deposits are identified. From the fossil record, the minimum age of Scarabaeoidea is determined as 152 myr. To develop an idea about the appearance of the first scarab, the ground-pattern of Scarabaeoidea is reconstructed for the first time on the basis of published phylogenetic analyses. Extinct scarabaeoid family-group taxa are described and discussed. Cretocomini and Cretoglaphyrini are upgraded to subfamily rank for reasons of consistency. Most of their diagnostic character states are controverted or not polarized. The minimum age of extant scarabaeoid family-group taxa is deduced from the fossil record. Ancient feeding habits, particularly the development of coprophagy, are discussed. The youngest extinct species described are from the Pleistocene, whereas extant species have been recorded since the Pliocene. 1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/fossil-record-and-evolution-scarabaeoidea-coleoptera-polyphaga00908nas a2200121   4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260005500218300000700273520035600280100002600636856012400662       2007                        eng d00aCatalogue of fossil Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) of the Mesozoic and Tertiary - Version 2007 -0 aCatalogue of fossil Scarabaeoidea Coleoptera Polyphaga of the Me  aDenver, CObDenver Museum of Nature & Sciencecnov  a793 aA catalogue and bibliography of fossil Scarabaeoidea (Lamellicornia) updated to Novem- ber 2007 is presented. Of 264 described fossil species, 9 currently are considered as belonging to other taxa and 31 are doubtful due to a limited set of preserved characters. 224 fossil species and 13 ichnospecies probably or reliably belong to the Scarabaeoidea.1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/catalogue-fossil-scarabaeoidea-coleoptera-polyphaga-mesozoic-and-tertiary-version-200702560nas a2200253   4500008004100000245017400041210006900215300001200284490000700296520160700303653001401910653001501924653001501939653002901954653002201983100002602005700002502031700001802056700001902074700002302093700001802116700003402134856013802168       2005                        eng d00aQuantitative extraction of macro-invertebrates from temperate and tropical leaf litter and soil: efficiency and time-dependent taxonomic biases of the Winkler extraction0 aQuantitative extraction of macroinvertebrates from temperate and  a175-1860 v493 aWinkler extractors, a simple device presumed to extract macro-invertebrates efficiently from soil and litter samples, is being used increasingly in ecological surveys and functional studies of soil macro-invertebrate communities. In this study the extraction efficiency and taxonomic bias of the Winkler extraction are evaluated for extraction periods of 3 h up to 7 weeks, calibrated by hand-sorting after 7 weeks. The method extracts most macro-invertebrates completely or to a proportion of over 90% except Isopoda, Diplopoda and Mollusca. However, for an exhaustive result, a long extraction period of several weeks is necessary. For the most speciose group (adult beetles) and for the commonly most abundant group (ants), a short extraction of 3 days was sufficient to get 70% of the individuals and nearly all species. Three days was also sufficient to recover the rank abundance order of beetle families, while for ‘higher taxa’ and for Chilopoda species, 4 and 3 weeks were necessary, respectively. Optimum extraction times for the abundant macro-invertebrate groups and possible adjustment factors for the soil macro-invertebrates of temperate woodlands are proposed to compensate the taxonomic bias caused by short extraction periods. However, for recording an accurate snapshot of the soil and litter fauna at a particular time, shorter extraction periods are advisable because of the short life cycle of many brates; soil invertebrates causing emergence of later stages or a second generation during longer extraction periods. The problem of contamination of samples is also discussed. 10aChilopoda10aCOLEOPTERA10aExtraction10aSoil macro-invertebrates10aWinkler extractor1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten1 aChung, Arthur, Y. C.1 aDeBoise, Emma1 aEggleton, Paul1 aGiusti, Alessandro1 aInward, Kelly1 aKrell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/quantitative-extraction-macro-invertebrates-temperate-and-tropical-leaf-litter-and-soil-efficiency-a01897nas a2200253   4500008004100000245012400041210006900165300001200234490000700246520106300253653000601316653001101322653001001333653003301343653001101376653001601387653001101403653001501414653001701429100002601446700001201472700002101484856013801505       2003                        eng d00aThe beetle fauna of hyaena latrines: coprocenoses consisting of necrophagous beetles (Coleoptera Trogidae Scarabaeidae)0 abeetle fauna of hyaena latrines coprocenoses consisting of necro  a145-1520 v163 aThe scarab beetle fauna (Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea) on Spotted Hyaena, Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben 1777), scats was investigated to identify the feeding guilds of scarabs on an unusual dung substrate. During 19 months inspecting hyaena latrines and surrounding roads, 69 specimens of 8 species of Scarabaeoidea (Trogidae and Scarabaeidae) were collected from 200 hyaena fae- ces samples and 17 samples of regurgitated hairs. With increasing amount of hairs in the samples, attraction to hyaena faeces increased (from dry, white fae- ces to soft, brownish faeces to regurgitated hairs). Most of the scarab species that we found feed generally on carrion and omnivore/carnivore dung. Three species have not previously been found on carrion but are likely to be (faculta- tive) necrophages. Further records of beetles from hyaena faeces indicate that almost all species that are attracted by this bait are at least facultatively necrophagous. The dung part of their diet consists mainly of omnivore or carni- vore faeces as is usual for necro-coprophagous species.10a'10aAfrica10acongo10aCOPROPHAGOUS BEETLES mammals10aCote d10adung beetle10aIvoire10anecrophagy10aScarabaeidae1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten1 aKorb, J1 aWalter, Philippe  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/beetle-fauna-hyaena-latrines-coprocenoses-consisting-necrophagous-beetles-coleoptera-trogidae-scarab00522nas a2200121   4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300001000208490000800218100002600226700003400252856011400286       2003                        eng d00aFirst record of the genus Eusaproecius branco from West-Africa (Col., Scarabaeidae, Coprinae)0 aFirst record of the genus Eusaproecius branco from WestAfrica Co  a13-140 v1391 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten1 aKrell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/first-record-genus-eusaproecius-branco-west-africa-col-scarabaeidae-coprinae00695nas a2200157   4500008004100000245015600041210006900197300001200266490000700278100002600285700003400311700001400345700001700359700002300376856013800399       2003                        eng d00aSpatial separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds: a trade-off between competitive superiority and energetic constraints (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aSpatial separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds a tradeoff  a210-2220 v261 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten1 aKrell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia1 aWeiss, I.1 aEggleton, P.1 aLinsenmair, Eduard  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/spatial-separation-afrotropical-dung-beetle-guilds-trade-between-competitive-superiority-and-energet01498nas a2200277   4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260005000197300001200247520058100259653001600840653001600856653001600872653001300888653001200901653001600913100002600929700002400955700002200979700001801001700003401019700002401053700001501077700002101092856010701113       2005                        eng d00aHuman influence on the dung fauna in Afrotropical grasslands (Insecta: Coleoptera)0 aHuman influence on the dung fauna in Afrotropical grasslands Ins  aMuseum Koenig, Bonn, GermanybSpringer Verlag  a133-1393 aDung beetles are the main dung recyclers in most Afrotropical environments. We compare dung beetle abundance in herbivore dung in West and East African grasslands that are subject to various anthropogenic disturbances. Dung beetles are similarly abundant in grasslands with indigenous wild herbivores and with extensive cattle farming. However, if herbivore dung is regularly removed (i.e. collected by local people for domestic and agricultural use) or not present locally at all, the abundance of dung beetles decreases. The lowest numbers were found in an urban settlement.10aDisturbance10adung beetle10aEast Africa10aland use10asavanna10aWest Africa1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten1 aMahiva, Vincent, S.1 aKouakou, Celestin1 aN'goran, Paul1 aKrell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia1 aNewman, Dorothy, H.1 aWeib, Ingo1 aDoumbia, Mamadou  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/human-influence-dung-fauna-afrotropical-grasslands-insecta-coleoptera02241nas a2200205   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260000800242300001400250490000700264520160300271653000601874653001101880653001701891653001001908100003401918700002601952700002301978856003402001       2004                        eng d00aDiel separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds - avoiding competition and neglecting resources (Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea)0 aDiel separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds avoiding comp  cSep  a2225-22490 v383 aDung beetle guilds of different competitive level coexist at high abundances in the forest - savanna mosaic of Ivory Coast. A total of 25 875 specimens was recorded from 90 samples of fresh buffalo dung exposed for 4- h periods over the day in the Parc National de la Comoe. Redundancy analyses show different patterns of the guild structure determined by time of day, and positive correlations of guild abundance with temperature. The competitively superior telecoprids ( rollers) have their abundance peak at midday when the high temperatures presumably enable them to perform their energetically costly rolling behaviour at greater speed. The competitively intermediate paracoprids ( tunnellers) and the competitively inferior endocoprids ( dwellers) have their peak around dusk when: ( 1) the superior competitors are not active, and ( 2) they can easily synchronize their flight activity using light intensity changes. During the two peaks of flight activity of the dung beetles, their abundance at the resource is very high, causing obvious competition. On the other hand, the resource is hardly used between 22: 00 h and 10: 00 h. This is probably due to physiological constraints ( high optimum temperature required for the diurnal species and dependence on light intensity patterns as a flight trigger of the nocturnal species, respectively). Shifting flight activity to these periods of low competition does not occur, resulting in a unequal level of competition over the day, thus periods of considerable competition within dung beetle assemblages alternate with vacant temporal refuges.10a'10aCote d10aDung beetles10aIvore1 aKrell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten1 aLinsenmair, Eduard  u<Go to ISI>://00022158170000702856nas a2200205   4500008004100000245015400041210006900195300001200264490000700276520206400283653001402347653002902361653002702390653001602417653001202433100002202445700001902467700002602486856013802512       2004                        eng d00aLinear and threshold-dependent expression of secondary sexual traits in the same individual: insights from a horned beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aLinear and thresholddependent expression of secondary sexual tra  a473-4800 v833 aElaborate horns or horn-like structures in male scarab beetles commonly scale with body size either (a) in a linear fashion with horn size increasing relatively faster than body size or (b) in a threshold-dependent, sigmoid fashion; that is, males smaller than a certain critical body size develop no or only rudimentary horns, whereas males larger than the threshold size express fully developed horns. The development of linear vs. sigmoid scaling relationships is thought to require fundamentally different regulatory mechanisms. Here we show that such disparate regulatory mechanisms may co-occur in the same individual. Large males of the south-east Asian Onthophagus  ( Proagoderus ) watanabei  (Ochi & Kon) (Scarabaeidae, Onthophagini) develop a pair of long, curved head horns as well as a single thoracic horn. We show that unlike paired head horns in a large number of Onthophagus  species, in O. watanabei  the relationship between head horns and body size is best explained by a linear model. Large males develop dispropor- tionately longer horns than small males, but the difference in relative horn sizes across the range of body sizes is small compared to other Onthophagus  species. However, the scaling relationship between the thoracic horn and body size is best explained by a strongly sigmoid model. Only males above a certain body size threshold express a thoracic horn and males smaller than this threshold express no horn at all. We found a significant positive correlation between head and thoracic horn length residuals, contrary to what would be expected if a resource allocation tradeoff during larval development would influence the length of both horn types. Our results suggest that the scaling rela- tionship between body size and horn length, and the developmental regulation underlying these scaling relation- ships, may be quite different for different horns, even though these horns may develop in the same individual. We discuss our results in the context of the developmental biology of secondary sexual traits in beetles.10aallometry10adevelopmental constraint10adevelopmental tradeoff10aOnthophagus10ascaling1 aMoczek, Armin, P.1 aBruhl, Carsten1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/linear-and-threshold-dependent-expression-secondary-sexual-traits-same-individual-insights-horned-be00707nas a2200181   4500008004100000245013400041210006900175300001000244490000700254653001400261653001700275653001600292653001700308653001400325100002200339700002600361856013800387       2007                        eng d00aA wider range than suspected: new locality for the endemic Mauritian dung beetle Nesosisyphus pygmaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 awider range than suspected new locality for the endemic Mauritia  a63-640 v1510aBrise Fer10aDistribution10adung beetle10aScarabaeidae10asisyphini1 aMotala, Saoud, M.1 aKrell, Frank-Thorsten  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/wider-range-suspected-new-locality-endemic-mauritian-dung-beetle-nesosisyphus-pygmaeus-coleoptera-sc