02278nas a2200229 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124300001200193490000800205520157300213653001501786653001701801653001201818653001501830653001101845653001301856100001601869700002001885700001801905700001601923856010901939 2009 eng d00aCo-declines in large mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological cascade0 aCodeclines in large mammals and dung beetles an impending ecolog a481-4870 v1183 aBiodiversity loss can precipitate extinction cascades and impair ecological processes. These ‘downstream’ effects will be exacerbated if functionally important taxa are tightly linked with species threatened by extinction or population decline. We review the current evidence that such a scenario is currently playing out in the linked declines of persistently hunted
mammal populations and the dung beetles communities (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) that depend on them for adult and larval food resources. Through a close evolutionary association, mammal assemblages have played a fundamental role in structuring extant dung beetle communities. Today many game mammal species’ populations are severely depleted by subsistence or commercial hunting, especially in tropical forest systems. Multiple lines of evidence from temperate and tropical systems indicate that the regional-scale decline or extirpation of medium and large bodied mammal faunas can severely disrupt the diversity and abundance of dung beetle communities through alterations in the composition and availability of dung resources. These observed community disassemblies have significant short- and long-term implications for the maintenance of key ecosystem processes including nutrient recycling and secondary seed dispersal. Identifying the species- and community-level traits that buffer or exacerbate these species and functional responses is essential if we are to develop a better understanding of the cascading ecological consequences of hunting in tropical forests.
10aco-decline10aconservation10adecline10aextinction10amammal10aresource1 aNichols, E.1 aGardner, T., A.1 aPeres, C., A.1 aSpector, S. uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/co-declines-large-mammals-and-dung-beetles-impending-ecological-cascade00495nas a2200097 4500008004600000245011300046210006900159100001600228700001600244856013700260 Submitted eng d 00aIndicator taxa for biodiversity monitoring and assessment: A reality check using dung beetles (Scarabaeinae)0 aIndicator taxa for biodiversity monitoring and assessment A real1 aForsyth, A.1 aSpector, S. uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/indicator-taxa-biodiversity-monitoring-and-assessment-reality-check-using-dung-beetles-scarabaeinae00629nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260006900207653001700276100001600293700001600309700001600325700001900341856012300360 1998 eng d00aDung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) of Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado0 aDung beetles Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae of Parque Naci aWashington DCbRAP Working Papers 10, Conservation International10aDung beetles1 aForsyth, A.1 aSpector, S.1 aKilleen, J.1 aShulenburg, T. uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetles-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-scarabaeinae-parque-nacional-noel-kempff-mercado00709nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260004600225653001700271100001600288700001600304700001300320700000500333700000500338700000500343700002000348700001500368856013200383 1997 eng d00aThe dung beetle (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) assemblages of the Cordillera del Condor, Amazonas Province, Peru0 adung beetle Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae assemblages of the Cordill aWashington DCbConservation International10aDung beetles1 aForsyth, A.1 aSpector, S.1 aGill, B.1 a1 a1 a1 aSchulenburg, T.1 aAwbrey, K. uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetle-scarabaeidae-scarabaeinae-assemblages-cordillera-del-condor-amazonas-province-peru02876nas a2200265 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175300000900244490000800253520202500261653001702286653002202303653001802325653001702343653002002360653001702380100001602397700001502413700001602428700001802444700001602462700001502478700001602493856010102509 2007 eng d00aGlobal dung beetle response to tropical forest modification and fragmentation: A quantitative literature review and meta-analysis0 aGlobal dung beetle response to tropical forest modification and a1-190 v1373 aAlthough insects are crucial for maintaining ecosystem function, our understanding of their overall response to human activity remains limited. This is no less true of dung-burying beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), which provide a suite of critical ecosystem functions and services, yet but face multiple conservation threats, particularly from landscape conversion. Here we use a review and meta-analysis to synthesize the current knowledge concerning response to tropical forest modification and fragmentation of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). For every modified habitat type and individual forest fragment across 33 studies, we calculated six dung beetle community parameters, standardized relative to intact tropical forest. We organized modified habitats along an approximate disturbance gradient ranging from selectively logged, late and early secondary forest, through agroforestry, tree plantations, to annual crops, cattle pastures and clear-cuts. Secondary forests, selectively logged forest and agroforests supported rich communities with many intact forest species, while cattle pastures and clear-cuts contained fewer species overall with few forest-dwelling species. Abundance generally declined with increasing modification, but was quite variable. Communities in open habitats were often characterized by hyper-abundance of a small number of small-bodied species, leading to low evenness. Across fragmentation studies, dung beetle species richness, abundance and evenness declined in smaller forest fragments. Richness and abundance sometimes declined in more isolated fragments, although this response appeared to depend on matrix quality. Across both habitat modification and fragmentation studies, geographic location and landscape context appeared to modify dung beetle response by influencing the available pool of colonists. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms and conclude with recommendations for management and conservation and for future research.10aAgroforestry10acommunity ecology10adeforestation10aInvertebrate10aLand-use change10aScarabaeinae1 aNichols, E.1 aLarsen, T.1 aSpector, S.1 aDavis, A., L.1 aEscobar, F.1 aFavila, M.1 aVulinec, K. uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V5X-4ND710H-1/2/3d7a5f4362824647199ebdfd5821fa14 00799nas a2200241 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127300001400196490000800210653001600218653002500234653002300259653002200282653001700304100001600321700001600337700001500353700001500368700001700383700001500400700002900415856011300444 2008 eng d00aEcological functions and ecosystem services of Scarabaeine dung beetles: a review0 aEcological functions and ecosystem services of Scarabaeine dung a1461-14740 v14110adung beetle10aecological economics10aecosystem function10aecosystem service10ahuman health1 aNichols, E.1 aSpector, S.1 aLouzada, J1 aLarsen, T.1 aAmezquita, S1 aFavila, M.1 aNetwork, The, Scarabaein uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/ecological-functions-and-ecosystem-services-scarabaeine-dung-beetles-review01851nas a2200253 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260000800187300001400195490000700209520117100216653001601387653002401403653001501427653001401442653001101456653001301467653001301480653002101493653001501514653001801529100001601547856003401563 2002 eng d00aBiogeographic crossroads as priority areas for biodiversity conservation0 aBiogeographic crossroads as priority areas for biodiversity cons cDec a1480-14870 v163 aThreats to biodiversity outpace the resources of the conservation community and necessitate careful prioritization of conservation actions. I suggest that targeting the regions where biogeographic assemblages intersect - " biogeographic crossroads" - is a strategy that may achieve significant conservation economy by focusing on areas that satisfy many conservation criteria. I used a combination of data on Scarabaeine beetles in Bolivia and on other taxa and locations from the literature to consider the short- and long-term benefits of conserving these biogeographic crossroads. Biogeographic crossroads are areas of high species richness and beta diversity, often across many taxonomic groups. They are also regions where representativeness can be achieved with relative efficiency. Recent evidence that ecotones may be loci of evolution suggests that evolutionary processes such as speciation and coevolution may be conserved at biogeographic crossroads. Biogeographic crossroads appear to be areas of high conservation priority and opportunity in both the short and long term and require increased attention in the process of setting conservation priorities.10aassemblages10acomplementary areas10acongruence10adiversity10aforest10ahotspots10apatterns10aspecies richness10astrategies10atiger beetles1 aSpector, S. u://00017942010000900532nas a2200109 4500008004100000245014200041210006900183300001000252490000600262100001600268856013800284 2006 eng d00aScarabaeine Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): An Invertebrate Focal Taxon for Biodiversity Research and Conservation0 aScarabaeine Dung Beetles Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae An a71-830 v51 aSpector, S. uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/scarabaeine-dung-beetles-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-scarabaeinae-invertebrate-focal-taxon-biodiversity-02299nas a2200349 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260000800237300001200245490000700257520135800264653001901622653001201641653001501653653002101668653001501689653001601704653001701720653001701737653001301754653001201767653000901779653002301788653001401811653001301825653001401838653001201852653002001864100001601884700001501900856003401915 2003 eng d00aRapid turnover and edge effects in dung beetle assemblages (Scarabaeidae) at a Bolivian Neotropical forest-savanna ecotone0 aRapid turnover and edge effects in dung beetle assemblages Scara cSep a394-4040 v353 aHabitat fragmentation and the widespread creation of habitat edges have recently stimulated interest in assessing the effects of ecotones on biodiversity. Ecotones, natural or anthropogenic, can greatly affect faunal movement, population dynamics, species interactions, and community structure. Few data exist, however, on insect community response to forest- savanna ecotones, a natural analog to anthropogenically cleared areas adjacent to forest. In this study, the abundance, total biomass, average individual biomass, and distribution of scarabaeine dung beetles were examined at a sharp tropical evergreen forest-savanna ecotone in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The abundance, total biomass, and average individual biomass of dung beetles varied significantly across the forest, edge, and savanna habitats. Species richness (S-obs) also varied significantly across the three habitats, but statistical estimations of true species richness (S-est) did not. Habitat specificity of the dung beetles in this study was extremely high. Of the 50 most common species collected during the study, only 2 species were collected in both the forest and savanna habitats, signaling nearly complete community turnover in just a few meters. Strong edge effects were evidenced by the decline in abundance, total biomass, and species richness at the forest-savanna boundary.10abeta diversity10aBolivia10aboundaries10aCentral Amazonia10aCOLEOPTERA10acommunities10aconservation10aDung beetles10adynamics10aecotone10aedge10afragmented forests10agradients10apatterns10aresponses10asavanna10atropical forest1 aSpector, S.1 aAyzama, S. u://00018664470000900521nas a2200157 4500008004100000245004400041210004400085260004200129300001200171653004400183100001600227700002000243700001700263700001300280856007000293 1998 eng d00aIndicator taxa in the vanishing tropics0 aIndicator taxa in the vanishing tropics aCambridgebCambridge University Press a181-21010aforest change biodiversity dung beetles1 aSpector, S.1 aForsyth, A., B.1 aBalmford, A.1 aMace, G. uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/indicator-taxa-vanishing-tropics