04819nas a2200229   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001000242490000700252520400300259653001004262653002804272653002904300653001704329653001604346653001704362653001404379653001304393100002304406700002204429856013804451       2003                        eng d00aGamma diversity: derived from and a determinant of alpha diversity and beta diversity. An analysis of three tropical landscapes0 aGamma diversity derived from and a determinant of alpha diversit  a27-760 v903 aUsing three taxonomic groups of beetles we examine how alpha and beta diversity influence the species richness of a landscape (gamma diversity), and vice versa. That is, how the species richness of a landscape – which is a historical and biogeographical phenomenon – contributes to the values of alpha diversity (1) at a given site, (2) in a community, (3) in terms of cumulative species richness by community, and also contributes to (4) the intensity of species exchange between communities. To explore this question, we used two subfamilies of Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeinae and Geotrupinae, and the family Silphidae. In all analyses these three taxonomic groups are considered as a single indicator group: the copronecrophagous beetles. Information is also included on the subfamily Aphodiinae (Scarabaeoidea), coprophagous beetles not included in the indicator group. Several types of vegetation located in three landscapes (tropical, transition and mountain) were studied, and these are located along an altitudinal gradient in the central part of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. We base this study on the following concepts. The alpha diversity of an indicator group reflects the number of species that use a given environment or resource in a given place or community. Spacial beta diversity is related to the response of organisms to spatial heterogeneity. Gamma diversity depends primarily on the historical and geographic processes that operate on the mesoscale level and is also affected by alpha and beta diversity. It is on this scale of landscape that human actions, such as the modification and fragmentation of vegetation, have their most important effects. These are, however, often beyond the scope of ecological analyses carried out on a local scale. In the three landscapes, sampling was carried out regularly at 67 sites, with complementary sampling at another 69 sites. Twenty-six types of vegetation communities were studied. A total of 16,152 specimens representing 60 species were captured (52 species of Scarabaeinae, 4 Geotrupinae and 4 Silphidae). In the tropical landscape the community richest in species was low deciduous forest. In the transition landscape, cloud forest was the richest. Each of these communities is the most representative of their respective altitudinal bands. In contrast, the greatest species richness in the mountain landscape occurred in the mountain grasslands and pastures; types of community favoured by or even created by human intervention. This is explained by the expansion of heliophilous species from the Mexican High Plateau into these areas. In the tropical landscape the species richness of the pastures is similar to that of its forests, but with a partially different composition which is characterized by the dominance of heliophilous and coprophagous species; the latter, in addition to the more ubiquitous species that are shared with the tropical forest. In the transition landscape the cloud forest and the coffee plantations with polyspecific shade are important in the context of conserving the fauna. This type of community offers arboreal cover and occupies the majority of this landscape, allowing the groups of insects studied to move between remnant fragments of cloud forest. On the landscape scale but not locally, the fragmentation of natural communities does not appear to have reduced the number of species for the beetles of the indicator group. In each landscape disturbance by human activity appears to have been overcome for distinct reasons. In the tropical landscape we find the heliophilous beetle fauna characteristic of pastures, and this has increased by two species of recent invaders. In the transition landscape, the coffee plantations with polyspecific shade create a communication matrix, while in the mountain landscape the expansion of the mountain pastures has made conditions more favourable for heliophilous species. These results are not necessarily expected for other groups of organisms. 10aalpha10aanthropogenic landscape10abeta and gamma diversity10aDung beetles10aGeotrupinae10aScarabaeinae10aSilphidae10aVeracruz1 aArellano, Lucrecia1 aHalffter, Gonzalo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/gamma-diversity-derived-and-determinant-alpha-diversity-and-beta-diversity-analysis-three-tropical-l02938nas a2200325   4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001000219300001200229490000800241520201400249653001802263653001602281653001602297653002002313653002302333653001702356653002302373653001902396653001102415653002702426653002302453653002502476653001302501653001102514100001602525700001802541700001902559856003402578       2003                        eng d00aDung beetle activity and the development of trichostrongylid eggs into infective larvae in cattle faeces0 aDung beetle activity and the development of trichostrongylid egg  cDec 1  a157-1630 v1183 aIn the perspective to reduce the use of antiparasitic drugs, any interaction between the processes that control the development of parasite eggs into infective larval stages (L3) in dung and the activities of different dung-breeding organisms becomes of interest. The objective of the present study was to determine whether dung beetle activity affected the development of parasite larvae in cattle dung. Faeces containing eggs of parasites (predominately Cooperia spp.) were pooled according to high (250-600 epg) or low (approx. 100 epg) egg counts. Experimental dung pats were formed for each category of faeces and to half of these pats, dung beetles (20 Aphodius rufipes, 20 A. scybalarius syn. rufus) were added and kept for 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90% RH (+/-5% RH). Beetles were then removed and the pats were divided in two where half the pat was incubated for an additional 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90% RH (+/-5% RH) and the other half was immediately analysed. A greater number of L3 were recovered from the dung subjected to beetle activity compared with control dung (P < 0.001). However, following an additional 12 days incubation of the dung, similar numbers of L3 were recovered from beetle-affected dung with high egg counts, whereas there were significantly greater numbers of L3 derived from the control dung (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in L3 recovery in the two categories of pats (i.e. high and low nematode egg counts). The results indicate that activity by Aphodius spp. in fresh dung can optimise conditions for nematode development to the infective larval stage if favourable environmental conditions prevail. Such synergistic effect may be due to the fact that dung beetles used in this study are dung dwellers, i.e. no substantial amount of the dung is removed or burrowed as these beetles feed, lay their eggs and the larval development takes place in brood chambers inside the dung. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aAphodius spp.10aavermectins10acattle dung10acattle-nematoda10acooperia-oncophora10aDung beetles10afree-living stages10agrazing cattle10aimpact10aivermectin dung beetle10anematode parasites10aostertagia-ostertagi10aSURVIVAL10asweden1 aChirico, J.1 aWiktelius, S.1 aWaller, P., J.  u<Go to ISI>://00018739790001702926nas a2200325   4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001000219300001200229490000800241520201400249653001802263653001602281653001602297653002002313653002302333653001702356653002302373653001902396653001102415653001502426653002302441653002502464653001302489653001102502100001602513700001802529700001902547856003402566       2003                        eng d00aDung beetle activity and the development of trichostrongylid eggs into infective larvae in cattle faeces0 aDung beetle activity and the development of trichostrongylid egg  cDec 1  a157-1630 v1183 aIn the perspective to reduce the use of antiparasitic drugs, any interaction between the processes that control the development of parasite eggs into infective larval stages (L3) in dung and the activities of different dung-breeding organisms becomes of interest. The objective of the present study was to determine whether dung beetle activity affected the development of parasite larvae in cattle dung. Faeces containing eggs of parasites (predominately Cooperia spp.) were pooled according to high (250-600 epg) or low (approx. 100 epg) egg counts. Experimental dung pats were formed for each category of faeces and to half of these pats, dung beetles (20 Aphodius rufipes, 20 A. scybalarius syn. rufus) were added and kept for 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90% RH (+/-5% RH). Beetles were then removed and the pats were divided in two where half the pat was incubated for an additional 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90% RH (+/-5% RH) and the other half was immediately analysed. A greater number of L3 were recovered from the dung subjected to beetle activity compared with control dung (P < 0.001). However, following an additional 12 days incubation of the dung, similar numbers of L3 were recovered from beetle-affected dung with high egg counts, whereas there were significantly greater numbers of L3 derived from the control dung (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in L3 recovery in the two categories of pats (i.e. high and low nematode egg counts). The results indicate that activity by Aphodius spp. in fresh dung can optimise conditions for nematode development to the infective larval stage if favourable environmental conditions prevail. Such synergistic effect may be due to the fact that dung beetles used in this study are dung dwellers, i.e. no substantial amount of the dung is removed or burrowed as these beetles feed, lay their eggs and the larval development takes place in brood chambers inside the dung. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aAphodius spp.10aavermectins10acattle dung10acattle-nematoda10acooperia-oncophora10aDung beetles10afree-living stages10agrazing cattle10aimpact10aIVERMECTIN10anematode parasites10aostertagia-ostertagi10aSURVIVAL10asweden1 aChirico, J.1 aWiktelius, S.1 aWaller, P., J.  u<Go to ISI>://00018739790001700640nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158300001000227490000700237653001700244100002100261700002200282700002000304700002000324856013800344       2003                        eng d00aConvergence between dung beetle assemblages of a post-mining vegetational chronosequence and unmined dune forest0 aConvergence between dung beetle assemblages of a postmining vege  a29-420 v1110aDung beetles1 aDavis, A., L. V.1 aVan Aarde, R., J.1 aScholtz, C., H.1 aDelport, J., H.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/convergence-between-dung-beetle-assemblages-post-mining-vegetational-chronosequence-and-unmined-dune00461nas a2200121   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115300001000184490000600194653001700200100001800217856010400235       2003                        eng d00aMaintaining data integrity in insect biodiversity assessment projects0 aMaintaining data integrity in insect biodiversity assessment pro  a33-440 v710aDung beetles1 aGrove, S., J.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/maintaining-data-integrity-insect-biodiversity-assessment-projects00666nas a2200157   4500008004100000245014400041210006900185300000900254490000700263653001700270100001900287700002200306700002200328700002000350856013800370       2003                        eng d00aComparative analysis of reproductive and nesting behavior in several species of Eurysternus Dalman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Eurysternini)0 aComparative analysis of reproductive and nesting behavior in sev  a1-410 v8810aDung beetles1 aHuerta, Carmen1 aHalffter, Gonzalo1 aHalffter, Violeta1 aLópez, Rosario  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/comparative-analysis-reproductive-and-nesting-behavior-several-species-eurysternus-dalman-coleoptera00502nas a2200145   4500008004100000245006400041210006300105300001400168490000700182653001700189100002100206700002500227700001800252856008600270       2003                        eng d00aCollection techniques of dung beetle in the Cerrado, Brazil0 aCollection techniques of dung beetle in the Cerrado Brazil  a1249-12560 v3810aDung beetles1 aMilhomem, M., S.1 aDe Mello, F., Z. Vaz1 aDiniz, I., R.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/collection-techniques-dung-beetle-cerrado-brazil01734nas a2200277   4500008004100000020001400041245009300055210006900148260000800217300001200225490000700237520097500244653001701219653001701236653001401253653001101267653001401278653002201292653001501314653001301329653001401342653002201356100002001378700002301398856003501421       2003                        eng d  a0141-670700aPower to detect trends in ecological indicators in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania0 aPower to detect trends in ecological indicators in the East Usam  cDec  a294-2980 v413 aWe evaluated the statistical power of monitoring protocols to detect, over a 10-year period, trends in indices of abundance of primates, hornbills and forest interior dung beetles and growth rates of epiphytic ferns in the Amani Nature Reserve, in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Local technicians are responsible for the day-to-day gathering of data. The existing monitoring protocols for blue monkey, silver-cheeked hornbills, trumpeter hornbills, forest interior dung beetles and Asplenium nidus have sufficient statistical power (>0.80) to detect trends of 65% or less over a 10-year period. Monitoring protocols for black and white colobus and Asplenium holstii have lower statistical power (<0.80). We therefore conclude that the majority of monitoring protocols of the East Usambara Ecological Monitoring Project have the capacity both logistically and statistically to detect long-term trends in important functional groups in the East Usambara Mountains.10aconservation10aDung beetles10aepiphytes10aforest10ahornbills10alocal technicians10amonitoring10aprimates10aprotocols10aSTATISTICAL POWER1 aNewmark, W., D.1 aSenzota, R., B. M.  u<Go to ISI>://000188226700002 01756nas a2200217   4500008004100000245015200041210006900193300001000262490000600272520092900278653001701207653001401224653001701238653001401255653001701269100002901286700002801315700002801343700002901371856013801400       2003                        eng d00aEscarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) del Parque Nacional Natural "Serrania de Chiribiquete", Caqueta, Colombia (Parte I)0 aEscarabajos coprofagos Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae del   a51-580 v33 aWithin the project “Elaboration and implementation of the management plan of the Chiribiquete Natural Park” dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae) are being used  as an indicator group and also to establish similarities or differences between the landscape units of the Chiribiquete Natural Park. The results of the preliminary paper are given, which include  the first two expeditions launched  to the Mesay river basin, with five landscape units, and to the Sararamano river basin, with six landscape units. These landscape units were established with satellite images identified by color. A total of 4,620 individuals from 61 species and 14 genera were collected; there are differences, for  the richness and diversity values, between landscape units, and also the complementarity index shows differences between  some landscape units. Seven new species are new records for the Colombian Guyana region. 10aChiribiquete10adiversity10aDung beetles10alandscape10aScarabaeidae1 aHerrera, Luz, Astrid Pul1 aCanas, Raul, Antonio Ri1 aHarders, Fernando, Gast1 avon Hildebrand, Patricio  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/escarabajos-coprofagos-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-scarabaeinae-del-parque-nacional-natural-serrania-de-02299nas a2200349   4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260000800237300001200245490000700257520135800264653001901622653001201641653001501653653002101668653001501689653001601704653001701720653001701737653001301754653001201767653000901779653002301788653001401811653001301825653001401838653001201852653002001864100001601884700001501900856003401915       2003                        eng d00aRapid turnover and edge effects in dung beetle assemblages (Scarabaeidae) at a Bolivian Neotropical forest-savanna ecotone0 aRapid turnover and edge effects in dung beetle assemblages Scara  cSep  a394-4040 v353 aHabitat fragmentation and the widespread creation of habitat edges have recently stimulated interest in assessing the effects of ecotones on biodiversity. Ecotones, natural or anthropogenic, can greatly affect faunal movement, population dynamics, species interactions, and community structure. Few data exist, however, on insect community response to forest- savanna ecotones, a natural analog to anthropogenically cleared areas adjacent to forest. In this study, the abundance, total biomass, average individual biomass, and distribution of scarabaeine dung beetles were examined at a sharp tropical evergreen forest-savanna ecotone in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The abundance, total biomass, and average individual biomass of dung beetles varied significantly across the forest, edge, and savanna habitats. Species richness (S-obs) also varied significantly across the three habitats, but statistical estimations of true species richness (S-est) did not. Habitat specificity of the dung beetles in this study was extremely high. Of the 50 most common species collected during the study, only 2 species were collected in both the forest and savanna habitats, signaling nearly complete community turnover in just a few meters. Strong edge effects were evidenced by the decline in abundance, total biomass, and species richness at the forest-savanna boundary.10abeta diversity10aBolivia10aboundaries10aCentral Amazonia10aCOLEOPTERA10acommunities10aconservation10aDung beetles10adynamics10aecotone10aedge10afragmented forests10agradients10apatterns10aresponses10asavanna10atropical forest1 aSpector, S.1 aAyzama, S.  u<Go to ISI>://000186644700009