02926nas a2200325   4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001000219300001200229490000800241520201400249653001802263653001602281653001602297653002002313653002302333653001702356653002302373653001902396653001102415653001502426653002302441653002502464653001302489653001102502100001602513700001802529700001902547856003402566       2003                        eng d00aDung beetle activity and the development of trichostrongylid eggs into infective larvae in cattle faeces0 aDung beetle activity and the development of trichostrongylid egg  cDec 1  a157-1630 v1183 aIn the perspective to reduce the use of antiparasitic drugs, any interaction between the processes that control the development of parasite eggs into infective larval stages (L3) in dung and the activities of different dung-breeding organisms becomes of interest. The objective of the present study was to determine whether dung beetle activity affected the development of parasite larvae in cattle dung. Faeces containing eggs of parasites (predominately Cooperia spp.) were pooled according to high (250-600 epg) or low (approx. 100 epg) egg counts. Experimental dung pats were formed for each category of faeces and to half of these pats, dung beetles (20 Aphodius rufipes, 20 A. scybalarius syn. rufus) were added and kept for 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90% RH (+/-5% RH). Beetles were then removed and the pats were divided in two where half the pat was incubated for an additional 12 days at 21degreesC (+/-1degreesC) and 90% RH (+/-5% RH) and the other half was immediately analysed. A greater number of L3 were recovered from the dung subjected to beetle activity compared with control dung (P < 0.001). However, following an additional 12 days incubation of the dung, similar numbers of L3 were recovered from beetle-affected dung with high egg counts, whereas there were significantly greater numbers of L3 derived from the control dung (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in L3 recovery in the two categories of pats (i.e. high and low nematode egg counts). The results indicate that activity by Aphodius spp. in fresh dung can optimise conditions for nematode development to the infective larval stage if favourable environmental conditions prevail. Such synergistic effect may be due to the fact that dung beetles used in this study are dung dwellers, i.e. no substantial amount of the dung is removed or burrowed as these beetles feed, lay their eggs and the larval development takes place in brood chambers inside the dung. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aAphodius spp.10aavermectins10acattle dung10acattle-nematoda10acooperia-oncophora10aDung beetles10afree-living stages10agrazing cattle10aimpact10aIVERMECTIN10anematode parasites10aostertagia-ostertagi10aSURVIVAL10asweden1 aChirico, J.1 aWiktelius, S.1 aWaller, P., J.  u<Go to ISI>://00018739790001702629nas a2200277   4500008004500000020002900045245017000074210006900244260000800313300001100321490000700332520164900339653001401988653001602002653002502018653001602043653001502059100002102074700002002095700001702115700002202132700002202154700002002176700001702196856013802213       2005                        spandsh    a0325-8718 print 1669-23100aImpacto ambiental de la ivermectina eliminada por bovinos tratados en otono, sobre la coprofauna y la degradacion de la materia fecal en pasturas (Tandil, Argentina)0 aImpacto ambiental de la ivermectina eliminada por bovinos tratad  cdec  a83-1030 v343 aA trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of the ivermectin eliminated in the feces of treated calves on the coprofaune and on the physical degradation of dung pats naturally deposited during the autumn in the Tandil zone. Two experimental groups, located in different paddocks, were used. One group was treated subcutaneously with ivermectin (0,2 mg.kg) and the other remained as control group. The spot where feces were naturally evacuated in day 1,3,7,14, and 21 post treatment (dpt) was clearly identify. Fecal pats of each group were sampled at 1,3,7,14,21,30 and 60 days post deposition (dpd). The ivermectin concentration and organic matter percentage were determined and the arthropods present were collected. All the fecal samples of the treated calves presented drug, being samples on 1 and 3 dpt samples those with the higher concentration and higher organic matter content (p<0.05) for the whole experimental period too. Abundance and diversity of arthropods was reduced in samples from treated group (p<0.05). This effect was marked when comparing adults and larvae of nematocera and braquicera diptera and gamasida, actinedida and acaridida acari. Other groups of organisms showed reduced parameters without statistical significance. Also, the highest reductions in abundance and diversity were obtained in fecal samples of treated group at 1, 3 and 7 dpt in agreement with the highest concentration of ivermectin and the highest organic matter percentage. Consistently, the ivermectin eliminatedby cattle treated in autumn affect the faecal natural colonization of dung and delays the faecal degradation in the environment. 10aArgentina10acattle dung10acoprofile arthropods10aecotoxicity10aIVERMECTIN1 aIglesias, L., E.1 aSaumell, C., A.1 aFuse, L., A.1 aLifschitz, A., L.1 aRodriguez, E., M.1 aSteffan, P., E.1 aFiel, C., A.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/impacto-ambiental-de-la-ivermectina-eliminada-por-bovinos-tratados-en-otono-sobre-la-coprofauna-y-la