02891nas a2200193   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000800213300001200221490000800233520222500241653001702466653001802483653001802501653002202519100001802541700002302559856011502582       2002                        eng d00aEffects of forest fragmentation on the beetle assemblage at the relict forest of Fray Jorge, Chile0 aEffects of forest fragmentation on the beetle assemblage at the   cJul  a296-3060 v1323 aHabitat fragmentation is recognized as one of the main factors associated with species extinction and is particularly acute in South American forest habitats. In this study, we examined the effects of forest fragmentation on the beetle assemblage at the relict temperate forest of Fray Jorge (Chile). We evaluated the following hypotheses: (1) there is a strong edge effect, so that the number of beetle species and individuals increases away from the edge, towards the inner part of each fragment, (2) this pattern should be apparent in the larger fragments but not in the smaller ones, where edge effects are expected to be stronger, and (3) there should be a significant interaction between number of species/individuals found inside and outside fragments (i.e., in the matrix) and season, because of an increase in aridity and water stress during austral summer months. We found that the relationship between the number of individuals and number of species vs distance from the matrix towards the forest interior was affected by fragment size and season. In general, both number of species and individuals tended to increase from the matrix towards the forest edge and then either decrease, increase or maintain a constant level, depending on fragment size and season. The result of an ANOVA analysis, which used season, size, and position (inside vs outside fragments) as factors and number of individuals as the response variable, showed a significant effect of fragment size, position, and season and a significant interaction between fragment size and season, season and position, and size and position. ANOVA analysis using number of species as the response variable showed that area, season, and position all had significant effects. The results also showed a significant interaction between size and season and between season and position. Our results emphasize the existence of strong fragment-size and seasonal effects modulating both the response of beetles to fragmentation and their abundance and distribution in temperate areas. Thus, seasonal dynamic effects can be of paramount importance to demonstrate and understand the effect of habitat fragmentation upon arthropod assemblages in temperate areas.10aDung beetles10afragmentation10aSouth America10atemperate forests1 aBarbosa, Olga1 aMarquet, Pablo, A.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/effects-forest-fragmentation-beetle-assemblage-relict-forest-fray-jorge-chile05478nas a2200385   4500008004100000245005600041210005600097260000800153300001400161490000700175520450100182653002604683653001704709653002704726653001404753653001404767653002804781653000904809653001804818653001104836653001204847653002604859653001504885653001204900653001604912653001004928653001704938653002104955653001504976653000604991100002104997700002005018700002005038856003405058       2002                        eng d00aHistorical biogeography of scarabaeine dung beetles0 aHistorical biogeography of scarabaeine dung beetles  cSep  a1217-12560 v293 aAim (1) To review briefly global biogeographical patterns in dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), a group whose evolutionary history has been dominated by ecological specialization to vertebrate dung in warmer climates. (2) To develop hypotheses accounting for the evolution of these patterns. Location Six principal biogeographical regions: Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical, Australasia, Neotropical, Nearctic and five outlying islands or island groups harbouring endemic genera: Caribbean, Madagascar, Mauritius, New Caledonia, New Zealand. Methods Major patterns of tribal, generic and species distribution are investigated using cluster analysis, ordination, parsimony analysis of endemism and track analysis. Attempts are made to resolve biogeographical patterns with findings in the fields of plate tectonics, fossil and evolutionary history, plus phylogeny of both mammals and dung beetles. Results Because of conflict between published findings, it is uncertain at what point in time density of dinosaur dung, mammal dung or both became sufficiently great to select for specialized habits in dung beetles. However, biogeographical evidence would suggest a Mesozoic origin followed by further taxonomic radiation during the Cenozoic, possibly in response to the increasing size and diversity of mammalian dung types in South America and Afro-Eurasia. Proportional generic distribution in fourteen tribes and subtribes showed four principal biogeographical patterns: (1) southerly biased Gondwanaland distribution, (2) Americas or (3) Madagascar endemism, and (4) northerly biased, Afro-Eurasian- centred distribution with limited numbers of genera also widespread in other regions. Proportional composition of faunas in eleven geographical regions indicated three principal distributional centres, East Gondwanaland fragments, Afro- Eurasia and the Americas. These patterns probably result from three principal long-term range expansion and vicariance events (Mesozoic: Gondwanaland interchange and fragmentation, Cenozoic: Afro-Eurasian/Nearctic interchange and the Great American interchange). It is suggested that old vicariance caused by the Mesozoic fragmentation of Gondwanaland leads to a high degree of regional endemism at generic or tribal level across one or more Gondwanaland tracks. In contrast, it is suggested that the more recent Cenozoic range expansions occurred primarily towards northern regions leading to endemism primarily at species level. These Cenozoic radiations were facilitated by the re-linking of continents, either because of tectonic plate movements (Africa to Eurasia in Miocene), climatically induced sea-level change (Afro-Eurasia to Nearctic in Miocene and Pleistocene), or similar coupled with orogenics (Nearctic to Neotropical in Pliocene). Speciation has followed vicariance either because of climatic change or physical barrier development. These recent range expansions probably occurred principally along an Afro-Eurasian land track to the Nearctic and Neotropical and an Americas land track northwards from the Neotropics to the Nearctic, with limited dispersal from Eurasia to Australia, probably across a sea barrier. This accounts for the overall, spatially constrained, biogeographical pattern comprising large numbers of species- poor genera endemic to a single biogeographical region and fewer more species-rich genera, many of which show wider biogeographical distributions. In most southerly regions (Australasia, Madagascar, Neotropical), faunal composition and generic endemism is primarily dominated by elements with Gondwanaland ancestry, which is consistent with the Gondwanaland origin claimed for Scarabaeinae. In Afro-Eurasia (Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical), generic endemism of monophyletically derived Afro-Eurasian and widespread lineages is centred in the Afrotropical region and faunal composition is numerically dominated by Afro-Eurasian and widespread elements. In the Nearctic region, the fauna is jointly dominated by widespread elements, derived from Afro-Eurasia, and Gondwanaland and Americas elements derived from the Neotropical region. Main conclusions Global biogeographical patterns in scarabaeine dung beetles primarily result from Mesozoic and Cenozoic range expansion events followed by vicariance, although recent dispersal to Australia may have occurred across sea barriers. Detailed phylogenetics research is required to provide data to support dispersal/vicariance hypotheses.10aassemblage coleoptera10abiogeography10acommunity organization10adinosaurs10adispersal10adistributional patterns10aDung10afragmentation10aglobal10ahabitat10ahindwing articulation10ahistorical10amammals10arain-forest10as-str10aScarabaeinae10asouthern african10avicariance10aw1 aDavis, A., L. V.1 aScholtz, C., H.1 aPhilips, T., K.  u<Go to ISI>://00017827330001002805nas a2200337   4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260000800171300001200179490000600191520186300197653002302060653002002083653001702103653001702120653001802137653002402155653002502179653001302204653002202217653002202239653002702261653002102288653001902309100002302328700002602351700001802377700001802395700002002413856003402433       2002                        eng d00aVulnerability of South African animal taxa to climate change0 aVulnerability of South African animal taxa to climate change  cJul  a679-6930 v83 aThe responsiveness of South African fauna to climate change events is poorly documented and not routinely incorporated into regional conservation planning. We model the likely range alterations of a representative suite of 179 animal species to climate change brought about by the doubling of CO2 concentrations. This scenario is expected to cause a mean temperature increase of 2 degreesC. We applied a multivariate climate envelope approach and evaluated model performance using the most comprehensive bird data set. The results were encouraging, although model performance was inconsistent in the eastern coastal area of the country. The levels of climate change induced impacts on species ranges varied from little impact to local extinction. Some 17% of species expanded their ranges, 78% displayed range contraction (4-98%), 3% showed no response and 2% became locally extinct. The majority of range shifts (41%) were in an easterly direction, reflecting the east-west aridity gradient across the country. Species losses were highest in the west. Substantially smaller westward shifts were present in some eastern species. This may reflect a response to the strong altitudinal gradient in this region, or may be a model artifact. Species range change (composite measure reflecting range contraction and displacement) identified selected species that could act as climate change indicator taxa. Red-data and vulnerable species showed similar responses but were more likely to display range change (58% vs. 43% for all species). Predictions suggest that the flagship, Kruger National Park conservation area may loose up to 66% of the species included in this analysis. This highlights the extent of the predicted range shifts, and indicates why conflicts between conservation and other land uses are likely to escalate under conditions of climate change.10abeetles coleoptera10acommon fly belt10aconservation10aDung beetles10afragmentation10ageographical ranges10ahabitat availability10aland-use10aprotection status10arange contraction10asensed vegetation data10aspecies turnover10atsetse habitat1 aErasmus, B., F. N.1 aVan Jaarsveld, A., S.1 aChown, S., L.1 aKshatriya, M.1 aWessels, K., J.  u<Go to ISI>://00017605580000700771nas a2200205   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001400233490000700247653001700254653001600271653001800287653001600305653001900321653001100340653002400351100002300375700002900398856013800427       2002                        eng d00aDung beetles in continous forest, forest fragments and in an agricultural mosiac habitat island at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico0 aDung beetles in continous forest forest fragments and in an agri  a1903-19180 v1110aconservation10adung beetle10afragmentation10aLos Tuxtlas10amammal mammals10aMexico10atropical rainforest1 aEstrada, Alejandro1 aCoates-Estrada, Rosamond  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetles-continous-forest-forest-fragments-and-agricultural-mosiac-habitat-island-los-tuxtlas-me