TY - JOUR T1 - Dung consumption of Scarabaeus cristatus from Kuwait JF - Zoology in the Middle East Y1 - 1996 A1 - Al-Houty, W A1 - Al-Musalam, F SP - 71 EP - 74 KW - dung beetle KW - dung preference KW - food resources mammals KW - mammal KW - Scarabaeinae VL - 12 N1 - have copy- need to scan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dinosaurs, dung beetles, and conifers: Participants in a Cretaceous food web JF - Palaios Y1 - 1996 A1 - Chin, K. A1 - Gill, B. D. SP - 280 EP - 285 KW - ornithischian dinosaurs KW - park AB - Late Cretaceous trace fossils from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana are interpreted as herbivorous dinosaur feces reworked by scarabaeine dung beetles. These irregular blocks of comminuted plant material occur in isolated patches in fluvial flood plain sediments near dinosaur bone beds and nesting grounds. Numerous burrows in and around the specimens indicate significant invertebrate activity which suggests intense competition for a rich food resource. Some of the burrows are backfilled with organic matter that had been. translocated from the organic mass (during pat) into the adjacent sediment. Paracoprid dung beetles are the only extant organisms known to make similar caches. These unique ichnofossils provide evidence for commensal interactions between dung beetles, herbivorous dinosaurs, and conifers. This find also reveals a pathway through which fecal resources were recycled and suggests that scarabs evolved coprophagy through association with dinosaurs. VL - 11 UR - ://A1996VC39400007 N1 - Times Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 36Cited References: ARNOLDI LV, 1991, MESOZOIC COLEOPTERA BELAND P, 1978, CAN J EARTH SCI, V15, P1012 BRADLEY WH, 1946, AM J SCI, V244, P215 BURNHAM RJ, 1993, TAPHONOMIC APPROACHE, P57 CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P22 CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P156 CHIN K, 1990, J VERTEBRATE PALE S3, V10, PA17 CROWSON RA, 1981, BIOL COLEOPTERA FIORILLO AR, 1990, J VERTEBR PALEONTOL, V10, PA22 FIORILLO AR, 1991, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V88, P157 FRENGUELLI J, 1939, NOTAS MUSEO PLATA, V4, P379 GASTALDO RA, 1992, PALAIOS, V7, P574 GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211 HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V12 HALFFTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P305 HANSKI I, 1987, NUTR ECOLOGY INSECTS, P837 HANTZSCHEL W, 1968, MEMOIR GEOLOGICAL SO, V108 HILDEBRAND SF, 1930, SMITHSONIAN SCI SERI HOOKER JS, 1987, GEOL SOC AM ABSTR, V19, P284 HORNER JR, 1988, NATURE, V332, P256 HORNER JR, 1982, NATURE, V297, P675 HORNER JR, 1979, NATURE, V282, P296 HUBBARD HG, 1894, INSECT LIFE, V6, P302 KINGSTON TJ, 1977, J ZOOLOGY LONDON, V181, P243 LORENZ JC, 1984, MONT GEOL SOC 1984 F, P175 PUTMAN RJ, 1983, STUDIES BIOL, V156 RETALLACK GJ, 1990, EVOLUTIONARY PALEOBI, P214 RETALLACK GJ, 1984, J PALEONTOL, V58, P571 ROGERS RR, 1993, CAN J EARTH SCI, V30, P1066 ROGERS RR, 1992, J VERTEBR PALEONTOL, V12, P528 ROGERS RR, 1990, PALAIOS, V5, P394 ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230 VANDERWALL SB, 1990, FOOD HOARDING ANIMAL WING SL, 1992, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTE, P326 YOUNG OP, 1981, COLEOPTERISTS B, V35, P345EnglishArticleVC394PALAIOS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dung beetles collected from Rafflesia pricei Meijer at the Tambunan Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia JF - Malayan Nature Journal Y1 - 1996 A1 - Davis, A. J. A1 - Lantoh, S. SP - 39 EP - 41 KW - annotated KW - asia KW - dung beetle KW - ecological function KW - malaysia KW - pollination AB - Two species of dung beetle were collected from decaying Rafflesin pricei Meijer in Sabah, East Malaysia. The beetles were identified as being saprophagous in habit, and . related to two species known to occur in lowland dipterocarp rainforest. The biological significance of this occurrence is examined. VL - 50 N1 - julio has hard copy to scanthey found two onthophagus species on the flower, but have no evidence to say that they actual play a role in the pollination ecology of the flowe... ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community organization of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): differences in body size and functional group structure between habitats JF - African Journal of Ecology Y1 - 1996 A1 - Davis, A. L. V. SP - 258 EP - 275 KW - body size KW - community composition KW - functional group KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Scarabaeinae VL - 34 N1 - have a copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal dung beetle activity and dung dispersal in selected South African habitats: implications for pasture improvement in Australia JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Y1 - 1996 A1 - Davis, A. L. V. SP - 157 EP - 169 VL - 58 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diel and seasonal community dynamics in an assemblage of coprophagous, Afrotropical, dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae s. str., Aphodiidae, and Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae) JF - Journal of African Zoology Y1 - 1996 A1 - Davis, Adrian L. V. SP - 290 EP - 308 KW - COLEOPTERA KW - community KW - Diel KW - Dung KW - Seasonal VL - 110 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat associations in a South African, summer rainfall, dung beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae) JF - Pedobiologia Y1 - 1996 A1 - Davis, A. L. V. SP - 260 EP - 280 KW - Aphodiinae KW - community KW - Dung KW - habitat KW - histeridae KW - hydrophilidae KW - Scarabaeidae KW - staphylinidae VL - 40 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for the inventory and ecological monitoring of dung beetles, butterflies and termites in the East Usambaras JF - Proceedings of the Workshop on Ecological Monitoring for Biodiversity in the East Usambaras (July 8-13, 1996) Y1 - 1996 A1 - Davis, Adrian L. V. SP - 35 EP - 46 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insetos asociados a fezes de bovinos na regiao de Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo JF - Ciencia Agronomica Y1 - 1996 A1 - de Oliveira, Gilson P. A1 - da Silva, Andrea Leme A1 - Mendes, Julio A1 - Tavares, Leslie N. J. SP - 39 EP - 47 KW - bovine excrement KW - Entomofauna KW - manure fauna AB - The entomofauna emergent assodated to bovine dung was measured from January 1990 through December 1992} in São Carlos (SP) county} State of São Paulo} BrazzJ Feces were put close to lhe dairy barn during 24 h every 14 days. Fece samples were placed into an oven at 26°C to allow imago emergente. Insects colected were from lhe followzngfamilies: Muscidae (10 spedes: Cyrtoneurina rescita) Brontaea debilis, Morellia bipucta} M. humeralis} Pyrellia sp.} Synthsiomyia sp.} Neomuscina sp.} Graphomyia sp.} Sarcopromusca pruna} Musca domestica)} Sarcophagzdae (6 species: Oxysarcodexia thornax) O. paulistanensis} Ravinia belforti} Sacophagula sp.} Bercea haemorrhoidalis, Hybopygia terminalis)} Fanniidae (3 spedes: Fannia yenhedi) F. pusio e Fannia sp.)} S epsidae (4 specz'es: Palaeosepsis scabra) P. furcata} P. insularis e P. pusio). The following coprophagous beetles were observed: Dichotomius anaglipticus} Aphodius pseudolividus} Aphodius spp.} Eurysternus spp.} Ataenius sculptor} Ataenius spp.} Ontherus appendiculatus} Onthophagus hirculus} Onthophagus spp.} Trichillum externepunctatum} Isocropris spp. VL - 27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insects in fragmented forests: A functional approach JF - Trends in Ecology & Evolution Y1 - 1996 A1 - Didham, R. K. A1 - Ghazoul, J. A1 - Stork, N. E. A1 - Davis, A. J. SP - 255 EP - 260 KW - forest change biodiversity dung beetles forest function AB - Insects are highly susceptible to the adverse effects of forest fragmentation. It is now beyond any doubt that fragmentation- induced changes in abundance and species richness occur in many insect groups. However, the study of insects in fragmented forests is still in its infancy and lacks real direction. Simple empirical studies are not answering the questions we most want to answer about fragmented systems. Are we in the midst of a mass-extinction crisis? What is the functional significance of the immense insect biodiversity? Does biodiversity loss affect ecosystem functioning? A more focused, functional approach to the study of forest fragmentation is required to move beyond the description of pattern and to determine how changes in insect communities affect ecosystem processes in fragmented forests. VL - 11 UR - ://A1996UL78800015 N1 - UL788TREND ECOL EVOLUT ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parental care and offspring survival in Copris incertus Say, a sub-social beetle JF - Animal Behavior Y1 - 1996 A1 - Halffter, Gonzalo A1 - Huerta, Carmen A1 - Lopez-Portillo, Jorge SP - 133 EP - 139 AB - The effects of the lack of maternal care on offspring survival of the sub-social beetle Copris incertus Say (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) were tested experimentally by excluding the female and determining the most vulnerable stage of development. Time budget studies were also conducted to determine the amount used by 10 females during the whole cycle from the making of the nest to the emergence of adults. A Kruskal–Wallis test and the subsequent non-parametric multiple comparisons showed a significant difference in survival between nests cared for by the mother and nests where the mother was excluded. Key-factor analysis showed that the absence of parental care affected offspring survival in the transition from the pupal to adult stage. Time budget studies indicated that, whether active or inactive, females were in direct association with the brood balls. Balls that received no care (in experimental exclusions or where the female abandoned the nest) were invaded by the fungi Metarrhizium anisoplae and Cephalosporium sp., which covered the surface and the inner part of the ball, considerably affecting pupal survivorship. Results show that sub-social care increases the probability of juveniles reaching adulthood. VL - 52 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dung decomposition and pedoturbation in a seasonally dry tropical pasture JF - Biology and Fertility of Soils Y1 - 1996 A1 - Herrick, J. E. A1 - Lal, R. SP - 177 EP - 181 KW - Australia KW - beetles scarabaeidae KW - burial KW - cattle dung KW - decomposition KW - dung beetle KW - ecological function KW - ecosystem service KW - FIELD KW - fly KW - insect KW - parasite KW - pedoturbation KW - productivity KW - soil restoration KW - SURVIVAL KW - termites KW - tropical pastures VL - 23 UR - ://A1996VM70800014 N1 - have copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trophic selection of some Iberian Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptea: Scarabaeidae) JF - Elytron Y1 - 1996 A1 - Hidalgo, Juan M. A1 - Cardenas, Ana M. SP - 89 EP - 105 KW - mammals VL - 10 N1 - need copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Habitat specificity and food preferences of an assemblage of tropical Australian dung beetles JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology Y1 - 1996 A1 - Christopher J. Hill SP - 449 EP - 460 KW - beta diversity KW - dung beetle KW - habitat KW - mammal mammals KW - Scarabaeidae VL - 12 N1 - need a copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oviposition of the dung beetle Aphodius ater in relation to the abundance of yellow dungfly larvae (Scataphaga sterocoraria) JF - Ecological Entomology Y1 - 1996 A1 - Hirschberger, P A1 - Degro, H SP - 352 EP - 357 KW - competition KW - Dung beetles KW - flies dung beetle VL - 21 N1 - requested disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity, biogeographical considerations and spatial structure of a recently invaded dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) community in the Chihuahuan desert JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters Y1 - 1996 A1 - Lobo, J. M. SP - 342 EP - 352 KW - Animalia- KW - Animals- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - Biogeography- (Population-Studies) KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - dung-beetle (Coleoptera-) KW - Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences) KW - Insects- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Invertebrates- KW - Mexico- (North-America KW - Nearctic- KW - Physiology- AB - Analysis of the faunal composition and diversity of Mapimi dung beetle communities indicates that, while much poorer than those near the edges of the Chihuahuan desert, they may possibly have been even more so in the recent past, since at least four of the six captured species were introduced recently into North America. While their overall diversity and composition appear explicable in terms of historic and topographic factors, the regional variation in these communities between sample sites is argued to be a function of the interplay of the environmental requirements of the species and the quantity and quality of trophic resources available. VL - 5 N1 - 1996Research ArticleEnglish ER - TY - THES T1 - Distribuición y diversidad de escarabajos coprófagos (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) en tres relictos de bosque altoandino (Cordillera Oriental, Vertiente Occidental), Colombia. Y1 - 1996 A1 - Lopera, A. SP - 123 KW - Colombia KW - Disturbance KW - dung beetle KW - fragmentation KW - moist tropical forest KW - scarabaeinae (biological conservation 2007) PB - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana CY - Bogotá. Colombia. N1 - need copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oocyte resorption in Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a review JF - The Coleopterists Bulletin Y1 - 1996 A1 - Lopez-Guerrero, Yrma SP - 251 EP - 268 VL - 50 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geographic distribution of endemic dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) in the Western Palaeartic region JF - Biodiversity Letters Y1 - 1996 A1 - Lumaret, Jean-Pierre A1 - Lobo, Jorge M. SP - 192 EP - 199 KW - centres of endemism KW - COLEOPTERA KW - Dung beetles KW - endemic species distributions. KW - Mediterranean region KW - Scarabaeoidea AB - The distribution of endemic dung beetle species has been analysed in the West Palaearctic region (547spp.). These species are concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin or in the neighbouring regions, with two main centres of endemism located on opposite sides of thls Basin. The centres of endemism and the degree of endemicity were very different according to the three main dung beetle families. The possible explanation of these patterns has been examined. VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparative discussion of trophic preferences in dung beetle communities JF - Miscellania Zoologica Barcelona Y1 - 1996 A1 - Martin-Piera, F. A1 - Lobo, J. M. SP - 13 EP - 31 KW - Animalia- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Behavior- KW - Chordata- KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - Digestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation) KW - dung-beetles (Coleo KW - Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences) KW - Hominidae-: Primates- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Mammalia- KW - Nutrition- KW - Vertebrata- AB - Available information on trophic preferences of dung beetles (Scarabaeoidea) in different biogeographic regions is reviewed. Trophic resource partitioning in a dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) community in the "Parque Nacional de Donana", Spain, was also studied, using nine different kinds of wild and domestic vertebrate excrement as trap bait. Undifferentiated attraction to human and herbivore faeces was noted. Human and domestic ungulate faeces was colonized by a richer fauna than that of wild herbivores, which was not the specialized trophic adaptation of any species. Although polyphagy is the most common feeding behaviour, the excrement of carnivores and other omnivores was hardly colonized. This pattern differs from that of other biogeographic regions. Negligible importance of the trophic dimension on the structure of these communities may be due to the early presence of man in the Palaearctic Region. Nevertheless, human interference alone cannot have led to an absence of true polyphagy (undifferentiated attraction to all kinds of faeces). Further research is suggested, aimed at determining whether observed resource partitioning in dung beetles communities is a consequence of human colonization or is a pre-Neolithic evolutionary event. VL - 19 N1 - requested 1/6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canthon cyanellus cyanellus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) makes a nest in the field with several brood balls JF - The Coleopterists Bulletin Y1 - 1996 A1 - Favila, Mario E A1 - Diaz, Alfonso SP - 52 EP - 60 VL - 50 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodiversity loss and ecosystem function in tropical forests - Reply JF - Trends in Ecology & Evolution Y1 - 1996 A1 - Ghazoul, J. A1 - Didham, R. K. SP - 432 EP - 432 KW - dung beetles forest function VL - 11 UR - ://A1996VK11500016 N1 - VK115TREND ECOL EVOLUT ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The diversity of soil communities, the 'poor man's tropical rainforest' JF - Biodiversity and Conservation Y1 - 1996 A1 - Giller, P. S. SP - 135 EP - 168 KW - biodiversity KW - burying beetles silphidae KW - coexistence KW - community ecology KW - competition KW - composition KW - Disturbance KW - Dung KW - ecological communities KW - forest KW - heterogeneity KW - maturity index KW - resource partitioning KW - soil communities KW - species KW - succe KW - temporal patterns AB - This paper reviews the various factors that facilitate the high biodiversity of soil communities, concentrating on soil animals. It considers the problems facing soil ecologists in the study of soil communities and identifies the important role such communities play in terrestrial ecosystems. The review also considers diversity and abundance patterns. A range of factors are identified that may contribute to the biodiversity of soil and their role is reviewed. These include diversity of food resources and trophic specialization, habitat favourableness, habitat heterogeneity in space and time, scale and spatial extent of the habitat, niche dynamics and resource partitioning, productivity, disturbance and aggregation. Biodiversity of soil organisms appears high, largely attributable to the nested set of ecological worlds in the soil - the relationship between the range of size groupings of soil organisms relative to the spatial heterogeneity perceived by these various groups - that provide a large 'area for life' for the micro- and mesofauna. The role of aggregation and how it relates to the spatial scale under consideration and to species interactions amongst soil animals is largely unknown at present. The role of disturbance is equivocal and man's activities more often than not seem to lead to a reduced biodiversity of soil communities. This paper also identifies areas where further work is desirable to improve our understanding of the structure and functioning of soil communities. 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ANAL BIOGEOGRAPHY, P91 WILSON DS, 1984, ECOL ENTOMOL, V9, P205 WILSON EO, 1992, DIVERSITY LIFE WOLDA H, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P69 WOOD TG, 1976, ROLE TERRESTRIAL AQU, P145 YEATES GW, 1987, BIOL FERT SOILS, V5, P225EnglishReviewTW705BIODIVERS CONSERV ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversidad de coleopteros coprofagos (Scarabaeidae) de la Reserva Forestal de Escalerete JF - Cespedesia Y1 - 1996 A1 - Medina, C. A. A1 - Kattan, G. H. SP - 89 EP - 102 KW - dung beetle KW - modification (biological conservation 2007) KW - primary forest KW - Scarabaeidae VL - 21 N1 - have copy ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Los Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) de la provincia de Cordoba, Argentina T2 - Biodiversidad de la Provincia de Cordoba. Fauna. Y1 - 1996 A1 - Monteresino, Estela A1 - Martinez, Antonio A1 - Zunino, Mario ED - di Tada, I. E. ED - Bucher, E. H. SP - 101 EP - 117 JF - Biodiversidad de la Provincia de Cordoba. Fauna. VL - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nesting and life-cycle of Sulcophanaeus menelas (Laporte, 1840) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) JF - Elytron Barcelona Y1 - 1996 A1 - Morelli, Enrique A1 - Gonzalez, Vainer Patricia A1 - Canziani, Cecilia SP - 11 EP - 22 KW - Animalia- KW - Animals- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - Insects- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Invertebrates- KW - larva- KW - life-cycle KW - Neotropical-region) KW - Population-Studies KW - pupae- KW - Sulcophanaeus-menelas (Coleoptera-): Scarabaeidae- KW - Uruguay- (South-America AB - Sulcophanaeus menelas is a common dung beetle in Uruguay. Its life cycle and nesting behaviour are determined in the laboratory. Morphological descriptions of the larvae and the pupae are also included. VL - 10 N1 - 1996ArticleSpanish; Non English ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is the apparent rarity of Liatongus monstrosus (Bates) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) real or an artifact of collecting? JF - The Coleopterists Bulletin Y1 - 1996 A1 - Navarrete Heredia, Jose Luis SP - 216 EP - 220 VL - 50 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) JF - Dugesiana Y1 - 1996 A1 - Navarrete Heredia, Jose Luis SP - 34 EP - 35 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Game and cattle trampling, and impacts of human dwellings on arthropods at a game park boundary JF - Biodiversity and Conservation Y1 - 1996 A1 - Rivers-Moore, N. A. A1 - Samways, M. J. SP - 1545 EP - 1556 KW - arthropods KW - boundary. KW - Game Park KW - impacts KW - south africa KW - trampling AB - Seven grassland sites were sampled at South Africa's Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Park boundary with the surrounding land, to assess changes in arthropod diversity in response to land use. Epigaeic arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps and a sweep net. In all, 262 morphospecies were collected, but this is an underestimate of total local species richness. Fifty percent of the species caught were single occurrences. The number of species, families and orders represented at each of the seven sites was not significantly different, but the number of individuals was significantly different. Between-site comparisons, using multivariate statistics, did not reveal any strong site groupings, with all sites being unique. The conclusion is that the reserve boundary does not significantly divide arthropod diversity on a simple inside-versus-outside basis. A major factor influencing the arthropod assemblages was intensity of land use. Indigenous game animals and domestic cattle had the same effect, and it was the intensity of trampling that was important rather than the type of trampling. Human settlements had a major impoverishing effect. The Coleoptera families, Cicindelidae, Staphylindae and Carabidae, were particularly sensitive indicator taxa of land use. Scarabaeidae species were the only group that were severely affected by the fence boundary, simply because their food source, the faeces of large native mammals, was inside, leaving them without resources outside the reserve. VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Les mofu et leurs insectes JF - Journal d'Agriculture Traditionnel et de Botany Applique Y1 - 1996 A1 - Seignobos, Christian A1 - Deguine, Jean-Philippe A1 - Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre SP - 125 EP - 187 KW - Cameroon KW - ethnoentomology KW - formicidae KW - Mofu KW - Mount Mandara KW - Termitidae VL - 38 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brood care in the dung beetle Onthophagus vacca (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): The effect of soil moisture on time budget, nest structure, and reproductive success JF - Ecography Y1 - 1996 A1 - Sowig,Peter SP - 254 EP - 258 KW - Animalia- KW - Animals- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - Behavior- KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences) KW - Invertebrata- KW - Onthophagus-vacca (Coleoptera-) KW - Physiology- KW - Reproductive-System (Reproduction-) KW - Scarabaeidae- (Coleoptera-) KW - Soil-Science AB - Under laboratory conditions brood care behaviour, nest structure and weight of dung supply in brood chambers of the dung beetle Onthophagus vacca proved to depend on water content of the soil beneath the dung. The substrate in a bucket beneath the dung pat was dry sand (4% water content) or moist sand (8% water content). Emigrating beetles were trapped and counted at 12 h intervals. In a total of 109 replicates one pair was released on an artificial 1000 g dung pat. From 95 replicates in which brood chambers were built the following results were derived: 1) Breeding females and resident males which helped the female stayed longer in dung pats on dry sand than in those on moist sand. 2) Nest architecture was influenced by substrate moisture: length of main tunnels did not differ between nests in dry and moist sand, but total length of side tunnels was shorter in dry sand. 3) Numbers of brood chambers were equal in both substrate types, weight of the dung supplies was larger in dry sand. 4) Offspring size was not only influenced by dung provision in the brood chambers. Beetles emerging from chambers in dry sand were smaller than those emerging from moist sand even if the amount of dung supply was equal. VL - 19 N1 - 1996ArticleEnglish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of dense stands of an exotic tree, Prosopis glandulosa Benson, on a savanna dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) assemblage in southern Africa JF - Biological Conservation Y1 - 1996 A1 - Steenkamp, H. E. A1 - Chown, Steven L. SP - 305 EP - 311 KW - bush encroachment KW - invasive plant KW - mesquite KW - rare species KW - Scarabaeidae VL - 78 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of faecally excreted ivermectin and fenbendazole on the insect colonisation of cattle dung following the oral administration of sustained-release boluses JF - Veterinary Parasitology Y1 - 1996 A1 - Strong, L. A1 - Wall, R. A1 - Woolford, A, A1 - Djeddour, D. SP - 253 EP - 266 KW - cattle-nematoda KW - Controlled-release technology KW - Dung-insects KW - Fenbendazole KW - lvermectin AB - The effects of faecal drug residues following the administration of anthelmintics in the form of sustained-release boluses, on dung-colonising Coleoptera and Diptera are reported. In blind field trials, pats of standard weight and size were prepared from the dung of cattle treated with an ivermectin (Ivomec SR Bolus ®, MSD Agve0 or a fenbendazole (Panacur Bolus ®, Hoechs0 sustained-release bolus, and from a third control group of cattle that received no treatment. Pats were recovered after 7, 14, 21 and 42 days in the field and searched for invertebrates. There were no differences in the numbers of adult beetles found in the pats from the three treatment groups. Pats made from the dung of ivermectin-treated animals contained no larval Diptera Cyclorrhapha and significantly fewer larval Scarabaeidae than pats made from the dung of the other two groups. Furthermore, larval Scarabaeidae in the ivermectin pats were inhibited in their development. The pats from fenbendazole-treated animals contained similar numbers of larval Scarabaeidae and Diptera to the pats from untreated animals throughout the trial. At 42 days, the solid matter of the control and fenbendazole-containing cow pats was reduced to a crumbling, granular texture, while the pats from the ivermectin-treated animals were solid and compacted. Pitfall trapping, using traps baited with dung from the three groups, showed no significant difference between the numbers of adult Scarabaeidae attracted, though a trend towards higher numbers attracted to the dung of both anthelmintic-treated groups was evident. The results provide evidence of the toxic effects of excreted ivermectin on key dung-colonising families of insects, and show that fenbendazole lacks such toxic effects. VL - 62 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Notes on the feeding and breeding behaviour of Gymnopleurus gemmatus Harold and Gymnopleurus miliaris (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) JF - Journal, Bombay Natural History Society Y1 - 1996 A1 - Veenakumari, K. A1 - Veeresh, G. K. SP - 13 EP - 19 VL - 93 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Onthophagus gazella (F.) and Onthophagus rectecornutus Lansb. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) JF - Journal, Bombay Natural History Society Y1 - 1996 A1 - Veenakumari, K. A1 - Veeresh, G. K. SP - 252 EP - 256 KW - Biology KW - nesting KW - Onthophagus gazella KW - Onthophagus rectecornutus VL - 93 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nidification of Thirteen Common Argentine Dung Beetles (Scarabeidae: Scarabaeinae) JF - Behavior Y1 - 1996 A1 - Walsh, G. Cabrera A1 - Gandolfo, Daniel SP - 581 EP - 88 KW - Dung beetles AB - Paracoprid scarabs (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) dig tunnels under or near various animals droppings, portions of which the beetles store to feed on or use to build nests for their larvae. These nests have been classified into 3 main patterns, based mainly on the structure of the nest, egg cell, and the existence of parental care. Pattern I nests are simple accumulations of feces at the end of a burrow, known as brood masses, with 1 or several eggs in individual cells built into the dung. Pattern II nests consist of spheroidal or pear-shaped food provisions plastered with a layer of soil (brood balls) loose in a subterranean chamber. Pattern III nests have several brood balls in one large chamber and receive parental care. The construction process of the brood masses and brood balls of 13 species of laboratory reared paracoprids from Argentina was studied by analyzing different stages of their construction. The species Dichotomius anaglypticus (Mannerheim), D. haroldi (Waterhouse), D. micans (Luederwaldt), D. semiaeneus (Germar), Onthophagus hirculus Mannerheim, Oruscatus davus (Erichson), and Gromphas lacordairei Brulle belong to the pattern I; Sulcophanaeus batesi (Harold), Sulcophanaeus menelas (Castelnau), S. imperator (Chevrolat), Bolbites onitoides Harold, Ontherus sulcator (F.), and O. appendiculatus (Mannerheim) to pattern II. The last pattern, which includes the Phanaeina, some Dichotomina (both subtribes of Coprini), and the Old World Catharsius, entails at least 4 different construction processes. Most brood masses and balls studied in this work are described for the first time. The building of spheroidal brood balls loose in a chamber could have evolved at least four times from the primitive brood masses, through four different convergent processes. VL - 89 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dung consumption of Scarabaeus cristatus from Kuwait JF - Zoology in the Middle East Y1 - 1996 A1 - Al-Houty, W A1 - Al-Musalam, F SP - 71 EP - 74 KW - dung beetle KW - dung preference KW - food resources mammals KW - mammal KW - Scarabaeinae VL - 12 N1 - have copy- need to scan ER -