TY - JOUR T1 - Scarabaeid beetles of Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh JF - Zoos' Print Journal Y1 - 2005 A1 - Chandra, Kailash A1 - Ahirwar, S. C. SP - 1961 EP - 1964 KW - Bandhavgarh National Park KW - checklist KW - India KW - new records KW - Scarabaeidae VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity of dung-beetle community in declining Japanese subalpine forest caused by an increasing sika deer population JF - Ecological Research Y1 - 2005 A1 - Kanda, N. A1 - Yokota, T. A1 - Shibata, E. A1 - Sato, H. SP - 135 EP - 141 KW - alouatta-palliata KW - COLEOPTERA KW - dung beetle KW - evenness KW - fragmentation KW - los-tuxtlas KW - Mexico KW - ohdaigahara mammals KW - primary forest KW - sasa nipponica KW - Sasa nipponica grassland KW - Scarabaeidae KW - south-africa KW - transition forest KW - tropical rain-forest AB - The Ohdaigahara subalpine plateau in Japan has recently suffered a reduction in primary forest land caused by an increasing population of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Deer have debarked many trees, causing die-back, gradually changing the primary forest first to light forest with a floor that is densely covered with sasa grass (Sasa nipponica) and then to S. nipponica grassland. To examine the effects of vegetative transformation on the dung-beetle community, we compared the diversity and abundance of dung-beetle assemblages in the primary forest, transition forest, and S. nipponica grassland using dung-baited pitfall traps. The species richness and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were significantly highest in the primary forest and lowest in the S. nipponica grassland. The evenness (Smith-Wilson index) was highest in the primary forest and nearly equal in the transition forest and S. nipponica grassland. The abundance was apparently greater in the transition forest than in the primary forest and S. nipponica grassland. These results suggest that loss of primary forest resulting from an increasing deer population decreases the diversity of the dung-beetle community while increasing the abundance of dung beetles in the transition forest. Sika deer use transition forests and grasslands more frequently than primary forests as habitat, but an increase in dung supply there does not necessarily increase the diversity or abundance of dung-beetle assemblages. VL - 20 UR - ://000228011500004 N1 - digital and hard copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stridulation in Aphodius dung beetles: songs and morphology of stridulatory organs in Noth American Aphodius species (Scarabaeidae) JF - Journal of Natural History Y1 - 2005 A1 - Kasper, Julia A1 - Hirschberger, Petra SP - 91 EP - 99 KW - aphodius KW - Dung beetles KW - Scarabaeidae KW - stridulation AB - The acousticbehaviouroffourAphodiusdungbeetlespeciesfromthePacificNorthwestoftheUSA wasinvestigated.MaleAphodiusproducesubstratevibrationswhentheymeetaconspecificfemalein a dung pat. The temporal structure of the substrate vibrations andthe stridulatory organs are described. The vibrations are species-specific songs that are emitted during courtship. The stridulatoryorganisoftheabdomino-larytypeintheinvestigatedspecies.Morphologicaldifferences withregardtothedetailedstructurearepresent. VL - 39 SN - 0022-2933 print1464-5262 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sperm competition and evidence of sperm fertilization patterns in the carrion ball-roller Canthon cyanellus cyanellus LeConte (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) JF - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Y1 - 2005 A1 - Favila, Mario E A1 - Nolasco, Janet A1 - Chamorro Florescano, Ivette A1 - Equihua, Miguel SP - 38 EP - 43 KW - Canthon cyanellus KW - Fertilization patterns KW - Genetic marker KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Sperm competition AB - Field observation and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate sperm competition and pat- terns of sperm fertilization under different experimental conditions in the carrion ball-roller beetle Canthon cyanel- lus cyanellus. Males in nature can mate with females whose spermathecae contains fertile sperm from other males. Sperm precedence was investigated using a visible genetic marker. The progeny of red (homozygous recessive) virgin females mated once with a red male and afterward, once with a green beetle (homozygous dominant) and vice versa, revealed that regardless of its color, the last male to mate fertilized c.a. 50% of the eggs, suggesting strong sperm competition. Males were able to achieve higher levels of pa- ternity (more than 80%) when mated ad libitum with previ- ously mated females, although large amount of variance in paternity does not exclude the possibility of first male sperm precedence or female cryptic choice. These results suggest that repeated mating and sperm replacement are the mech- anisms by which last males achieve sperm precedence. VL - 59 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diel flight activity and ecological segregation within an assemblage of tropical forest dung and carrion beetles JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology Y1 - 2005 A1 - Feer, Francois A1 - Pincebourde, Sylvain SP - 21 EP - 30 KW - competition KW - dung beetle KW - flight activity KW - French Guiana KW - niche segregation KW - Scarabaeidae AB - Temporal variation in activity of dung and carrion beetles in tropical forest is considered as a mechanism of ecological segregation between potentially competing species. We describe the diel flight activity of Scarabaeidae collected with baited pitfall traps at Les Nouragues field station in French Guiana. A total of 2663 individuals of 63 species was recorded, from the subfamilies Coprinae, Scarabaeinae and Aphodinae. Temporal guilds of diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular species were identified. Diurnal species were about twice as numerous and abundant as either nocturnal or crepuscular species. Two main activity patterns characterize the diurnal species while nocturnal and crepuscular species show overlapping activity. The association of activity rhythm with the other niche variables, food selection, functional group, body size and relative abundance, was analysed using multiple correspondence analysis. Small diurnal coprophagous species were opposed to large crepuscular necrophagous species. Species packing is suggested but further analysis showed that the variables were independent of one another. The temporal differentiation of species combined with separation along multiple niche dimensions and resource gradients may facilitate the coexistence of species assumed to be strongly affected by interspecific competition. VL - 21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are ball-rolling (Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, Sisyphini) and tunnelling scarabaeine dung beetles equally choosy about the size of ingested dung particles? JF - Ecological Entomology Y1 - 2005 A1 - Holter, P. A1 - Scholtz, Clarke H. SP - 700 EP - 705 KW - Ball-rollers KW - Dung beetles KW - food exploitation KW - particle feeding KW - rollers KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Scarabaeinae KW - telecoprids AB - 1. The maximum size of ingested particles was determined in 11 species of ball-rolling, adult dung beetle (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) by mixing small latex or glass balls of known diameter into their food. The tribes Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, and Sisyphini (four, four, and three species respec- tively) were represented, with mean body sizes ranging from 0.33 to 4.0 g fresh weight. 2. Only particles with maximum diameters of 4–85 mm were ingested. Hence rollers, like other known beetles feeding on fresh dung, filter out larger, indiges- tible plant fragments and confine ingestion to small particles of higher nutritional value. 3. The maximum diameter of ingested particles increased significantly with body weight, whereas taxon (tribe) had no additional effect. Because big rollers accept larger particles than do tunnellers (which make dung stores for feeding and breeding in the soil immediately below the pat) of similar weight, the slope of the diameter-against-weight regression for rollers was significantly higher than that found earlier for tunnellers. 4. An explanation could be that a typical food ball made by a roller is con- siderably smaller than the amount of dung available to a feeding tunneller of the same size. If the roller were as choosy about particle size as the tunneller, it might not get enough food. This applies to large rollers in particular because their food balls contain a higher proportion of coarse fibres than those made by small species. VL - 30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogeography of the Namib Desert dung beetles Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) MacLeay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) JF - Journal of Biogeography Y1 - 2005 A1 - Sole, Catherine L. A1 - Scholtz, Clarke H. A1 - Bastos, Armanda D. S. SP - 75 EP - 84 KW - Aptery KW - biogeography KW - COLEOPTERA KW - cytochrome oxidase I KW - endemic KW - mitochondrial DNA KW - namib desert KW - phylogeny KW - Scarabaeidae KW - Scarabaeus (Pachysoma). AB - Aim Namib biogeography in many instances remains reliant on advanced and detailed systematic studies. This study attempts to combine molecular phylogenetic data, geology and palaeo-climatic data to (i) resolve the relationships of the 13 morphological species of Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) and (ii) relate their evolution to past climatic and geological events. Location South Africa and Namibia. Methods Sequencing of a 1197 bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of the 13 species within Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) was undertaken. Analyses performed included Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood as well as imposing a molecular clock. Results The molecular phylogeny showed strong support for 11 of the 13 morphological species. The remaining two species, S. (P.) glentoni and S. (P.) hippocrates, formed a complex and could not be assigned specific status on the basis of the COI gene phylogeny. Strong support for the three species formerly classified within the genus Neopachysoma was consistently obtained. The subgenus appears to have arisen c. 2.9 Ma. Species within the subgenus arose at different times, with the common ancestor to Neopachysoma and the hippocrates complex having evolved 2.65 and 2.4 Ma, respectively. Scarabaeus (P.) denticollis, S. (P.) rotundigenus, S. (P.) rodriguesi and S. (P.) schinzi are some of the youngest species, having diverged between 2 million and 600,000 years ago. Main conclusions Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) is a derived monophyletic clade within the Scarabaeini. The subgenus appears to be young in comparison with the age of the Namib Desert, which dates back to the Miocene (c. 15 Ma). The psammophilous taxa are shown to disperse with their substratum and habitat, barchan dunes. Clear south/north evolutionary gradients can be seen within the species of this subgenus, which are consistent with the unidirectional wind regime. Species with a suite of mostly plesiomorphic characters have a southerly distribution while their derived psammophilous relatives have central to northern Namib distributions. Major rivers such as the Orange, Buffels and Holgat appear to be gene barriers to certain species as well as areas of origin of speciation events. VL - 32 ER -