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E. G.  Matthews, ?A taxanomic and zoogeographic survey of the Scarabaeinae of the Antilles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)?, Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, vol. 21, pp. 1-134, 1966.

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M.  Rainio, ?Abundance and phenology of some coprophagous beetles in different kinds of dung?, Ann. Zool. Fenn., vol. 3, pp. 88-98, 1966.