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S. J.  Amezquita, Forsyth, A., Lopera, A., and Camacho, A., ?Comparación de la composición y riqueza de especies de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en remanentes de bosque de la Orinoquia Colombiana?, Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie), vol. 76, pp. 113-126, 1999.

E.  Andresen, ?Seed dispersal by monkeys and the fate of dispersed seeds in a Peruvian rain forest?, Biotropica, vol. 31, pp. 145-158, 1999.

E.  Barbero, Palestrini, C., and Monteresino, E., ?Morfologia preimaginal y notas de biologia reproductiva en Malagoniella (Megathopomima) magnifica Balthasar, 1939 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonina)?, Elytron, vol. 13, pp. 109-121, 1999.

E.  Barbero, Palestrini, C., and Rolando, A., ?Dung beetle conservation: effects of habitat and resource selection (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)?, Journal of Insect Conservation, vol. 3, pp. 75-84, 1999.

L.  Borghesio, Luzzatto, M., and Palestrini, C., ?Interactions between dung, plants and the dung fauna in a heathland in northern Italy?, Pedobiologia, vol. 43, pp. 97-109, 1999.

M. Clara Castellanos, S., F. Escobar, and Stevenson, P. R., ?Dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) attracted to woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha Humboldt) dung at Tinigua National Park, Colombia?, The Coleopterists Bulletin, vol. 53, pp. 155-159, 1999.

I. R.  Dadour, Cook, D. F., and Neesam, C., ?Dispersal of dung containing ivermectin in the field by Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)?, Bulletin of Entomological Research, vol. 89, pp. 119-123, 1999.

A. J.  Davis, ?Perching behaviour in Bornean dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)?, The Coleopterists Bulletin, vol. 53, pp. 365-370, 1999.

A. J.  Davis, ?Species packing in tropical forests: Diel flight activity of rainforest dung-feeding beetles (Coleoptera : Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Hybosoridae) in Borneo?, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, vol. 47, pp. 473-486, 1999.

A. L. V.  Davis, Chown, S. L., and Scholtz, C. H., ?Discontinuous gas-exchange cycles in Scarabaeus dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae): Mass-scaling and temperature dependence?, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, vol. 72, pp. 555-565, 1999.

A. L. V.  Davis, Scholtz, C. H., and Chown, S. L., ?Species turnover, community boundaries and biogeographic composition of dung beetle assemblages across an altitudinal gradient in south Africa?, Journal of Biogeography, vol. 26, pp. 1039-1055, 1999.

J. L.  Dew, ?Seed dispersal by two amazonian primates, with notes on dung beetles?, American Zoologist, vol. 39, 1999.

D. J.  Emlen and H. Nijhout, F., ?Hormonal control of male horn lenght dimorphism in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)?, Journal of Insect Physiology, vol. 45, pp. 45-53, 1999.

A.  Estrada, A. D., A., and Coates-Estrada, R., ?Tropical rain forest fragmentation, Howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), and dung beetles at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico?, American Journal of Primatology, vol. 48, pp. 253-262, 1999.

P.  Gonzalez-Vainer and Morelli, E., ?Phenology and biology of the Dung beetle Onthophagus hirculus Mannerheim (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)?, The Coleopterists Bulletin, vol. 53, pp. 303-309, 1999.

P.  Hirschberger, ?Larval population density affects female weight and fecundity in the dung beetle Aphodius ater?, Ecological Entomology, vol. 24, pp. 316-322, 1999.

J.  Hunt, Kotiaho, J. S., and Tomkins, J. L., ?Dung pad residence time covaries with male morphology in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus?, Ecological Entomology, vol. 24, pp. 174-180, 1999.

P.  Jay-Robert, Lobo, J. M., and Lumaret, J. P., ?Does the populating of Corsica by dung beetles result from interspecific competition??, Annales De La Societe Entomologique De France, vol. 35, pp. 290-298, 1999.

W. W.  Koller, Gomes, A., Rodrigues, S. R., and Alves, R. G. O., ?Besouros coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) coletados em Campo Grande, MS, Brasil?, Annales da Sociedade de Entomologia Brasil, vol. 28, pp. 403-412, 1999.

F. - T.  Krell, ?Dung beetles unharmed by army ants in tropical Africa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Hymanoptera: Formicidae, Dorylinae)?, The Coleopterists Bulletin, vol. 53, pp. 325-328, 1999.

F. T.  Krell, ?Southern African dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) attracted by defensive secretions of Diplopoda?, African Entomology, vol. 7, pp. 287-288, 1999.

K.  Kruger, Lukhele, O. M., and Scholtz, C. H., ?Survival and reproduction of Euoniticellus intermedius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in dung following application of cypermethrin and flumethrin pour-ons to cattle?, Bulletin of Entomological Research, vol. 89, pp. 543-548, 1999.

J. M.  Lobo and Davis, A. L. V., ?An intercontinental comparison of dung beetle diversity between two mediterranean-climatic regions: Local versus regional and historical influences?, Diversity and Distributions, vol. 5, pp. 91-103, 1999.

J. M.  Lobo and Favila, M. E., ?Different ways of constructing octaves and their consequences on the prevalence of the bimodal species abundance distribution?, Oikos, vol. 87, pp. 321-326, 1999.

J. M.  Lobo and Martin-Piera, F., ?Between-group differences in the Iberian dung beetle species-area relationship (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)?, Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology, vol. 20, pp. 587-597, 1999.

F.  Martin-Piera and Sanmartin, I., ?Biogeografia de areas y biogeografia de artropodos holarticos y mediterraneos?, Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, vol. 26, pp. 535-560, 1999.

I. Martinez M. and R., M. Cruz, ?The effects of male glandular secretions on female endocrine centers in Canthon cyanellus cyanellus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)?, The Coleopterists Bulletin, vol. 53, pp. 208-216, 1999.

I. Martinez M. and R., M. Cruz, ?Comparative morphological analysis of testis follicles in dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae, Geotrupinae)?, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 101, pp. 804-815, 1999.

F.  Feer, ?Effects of Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae) on Seeds Dispersed by Howler Monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in the French Guianan Rain Forest?, Journal of Tropical Ecology, vol. 15, pp. 129-142, 1999.

J. A.  Finn, Gittings, T., and Giller, P. S., ?Spatial and temporal variation in species composition of dung beetle assemblages in southern Ireland?, Ecological Entomology, vol. 24, pp. 24-36, 1999.

K. D.  Floate, ?Environmental concerns regarding the use of the ivermectin sustained-release bolus in cattle?, Canadian Veterinary Journal, vol. 40, pp. 151-152, 1999.

K. D.  Floate and Fox, A. S., ?Indirect effects of ivermectin residues across trophic levels: Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)?, Bulletin of Entomological Research, vol. 89, pp. 225-229, 1999.

E.  Galante and M. Cartagena, C., ?Comparison of Mediterranean Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidae) in Cattle and Rabbit Dung?, Environmental Entomology, vol. 28, pp. 420-424, 1999.

K. J.  Gaston and Chown, S. L., ?Elevation and climatic tolerance: a test using dung beetles?, Oikos, vol. 86, pp. 584-590, 1999.

B.  Mathison and Ditrich, O., ?The fate of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts ingested by dung beetles and their possible role in the dissemination of cryptosporidiosis?, Journal of Parasitology, vol. 85, pp. 678-681, 1999.

R.  Menendez and Gutierrez, D., ?Heterotrophic succession within dung-inhabiting beetle communities in northern Spain?, Acta Oecologica, vol. 20, pp. 527-535, 1999.

A. P.  Moczek, ?Facultative paternal investment in the polyphenic beetle Onthophagus taurus; the role of male morphology and social context?, Behavioral Ecology, vol. 10, pp. 641-647, 1999.

A. P.  Moczek and Emlen, D. J., ?Proximate determination of male horn dimorphism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)?, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 12, pp. 27-37, 1999.

B. C.  Ratcliffe and Smith, A. B. T., ?New species of Canthonella Chapin (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Amazonian Brasil?, The Coleopterists Bulletin, vol. 53, pp. 1-7, 1999.

T.  Roslin, ?Spatial Ecology of Dung Beetles?, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 1999.

S.  Sakai and Inoue, T., ?A new pollination system: Dung-beetle pollination discovered in Orchidantha inouei (Lowiaceae, Zingiberales) in Sarawak, Malaysia?, American Journal of Botany, vol. 86, pp. 56-61, 1999.

J.  Sivinski, Marshall, S., and Petersson, E., ?Kleptoparasitism and phoresy in the diptera?, Florida Entomologist, vol. 82, pp. 179-197, 1999.

B. J.  Van Rensburg, McGeoch, M. A., Chown, S. L., and Van Jaarsveld, A. S., ?Conservation of heterogeneity among dung beetles in the Maputaland Centre of Endemism, South Africa?, Biological Conservation, vol. 88, pp. 145-153, 1999.

F. Z.  Vaz-de-Mello, ?Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera:Scabaeoidea) de um fragmento de floresta amazônica no estado de Acre, Brasil?, Annales da Sociedade de Entomologia Brasil, vol. 28, pp. 447-453, 1999.

D. G.  Wenny, ?Two-stage dispersal of Guarea glabra and G. kunthiana (Meliaceae) in Monteverde, Costa Rica?, Journal of Tropical Ecology, vol. 15, pp. 481-496, 1999.